Hello foreign how are you guys doing still not awake huh early morning class right okay so we will be having our orientation to anthropology okay so in this today’s class these are the this is the agenda so we will try and get to know what is anthropology
Okay as an optional subject for upsc Mains examination okay so very briefly about the syllabus I shall not go into too much of technical details Etc because obviously you are getting introduced to it now so if I go on listing the syllabus and try to explain
To you that you would not be able to appreciate it and it’s in the early morning class it’s going to get more boring okay so I’ll keep it very simple to get you uh you know give you an idea as to what you are expected to know in anthropology with respect to upsc
Syllabus all right and then what books to read Etc and our plan how do we approach this okay and what strategy that we need to take up I mean do in order to maximize our marks okay so return on investment so how much are we supposed to invest in this in terms of
Our time and and effort what we are supposed to do and how do we you know get the maximum benefit out of it all right and then a little bit about marketing of anthropology why anthropology is an optional subject that you should be uh thinking about and choosing okay so these are basically
What we are going to discuss today uh so just relax and uh you know don’t sleep that’s all but relax and try and uh appreciate what we are going to discuss over here today okay so before I uh start uh the uh you know these topics or
Explaining what is anthropology Etc so I usually generally try to give an awareness of this particular exam with respect to you know by giving some basic data about this exam so all of you are starting fresh or maybe you know just few months into this preparation all of
You have lot of hopes and dreams and aspirations to you know get into IAS and you know get into the government car going into some family wedding you know and try and be a celebrity over there I understand those dreams and aspirations are very much real and that is one of
The many major factor that motivates you and other than that obviously we’ll have to also say that you want service oriented you want to serve the nation you don’t want to make the world a better place yes in addition to all of that so but you know you also have to
Know a little bit about the exam also now you are decided upsc obviously the optional subject is there only in your upsc Mains examination uh so I’m you know assuming that most of you would want to get into IAS IPS ifs okay and some may be IRS also so at least these
Four are the main choices that you want to I mean the choice that is there in your mind yes or no it’s supposed to be interactive okay I know it’s a morning class and it’s uh yeah you know still fresh out of the bed but I expect you to
Be more interactive the reason being this one like you there are around 10 to 13 lakh people okay aspirants who also have the same dream who also have the same aspirations right you’re not just uh you know few hundreds who are having this okay there are around 13 lakhs people
Okay and then whatever 11 lakh people apply this last year’s date around 11.5 lakh people applied for this examination is that okay and then out of which only 13 000 people you know were eligible to write there means prelims they were filtered out in your prelims there are more than 13 000
In just a one square kilometer in Chandra layout okay so if you uh you know measure how many aspirants are there just in Chandra layout you will find more than thirteen thousand people all right and then interview 2500 and finally thousand results is that okay so what you need to
Understand from this particular data is that this examination is challenging only because of these numbers is it understood you might have studied more in your undergraduation I mean if you have seriously studied that okay the difficulty level is more in your undergraduation especially if you have been studying technical subjects
Like an engineering mbbs or something like that that’s even more difficult as a subject is it understood so what is difficult is these numbers unfortunately but there’s a good thing about it also I’ll tell you that that’s so that’s why that’s the reason why you are here
Okay it is difficult mainly because of this number otherwise the subject let me tell you whatever you study in Gs I’m sure in your GS orientation they might have told you start with ncrt who reads ncrt my nephew and niece are also reading the same thing right so School level
Subjects history modern history what happened with gandhiji and all you would have studied then what is so difficult is it so technical it is not right so what makes it challenging is these numbers that is what you need to appreciate it is difficult because somebody else is better than you that’s all
Not that you are not intelligent not that you are not able to study or not that you are not able to ready to put hard work the reason why you will not be able to clear I’m starting with a very negative note it’s okay as we progress it’s going
To get more positive okay so the reason why many of you won’t be able to clear is because of this reason not the difficulty level the reason that somebody else has put in an hour extra has you know been much more smarter in their work was much more fresher in
Eight o’clock early in the morning is that understood so that is the reason why you know this examination requires a very different approach than what you have been planning for in your undergraduation Etc whatever anybody says this is a fact you know I always have a tendency to you
Know try to expose the fact and many of them get demotivated and then later over a period of time get hyper motivated is that okay it’s okay to face your fear today if you find a tiger in the jungles you’re not going to sit there and go hug
The tiger you are making an effort to run away from it you had to make the effort only when you know the fear you should know that the tiger is going to eat you then only you will run away from it same a year also you should know what you are getting into
It’s not an easy subject it’s not I mean it’s not an easy exam okay not from the subject most of you think oh it’s a very difficult exam you might have read and you know you have these memes and you have these Instagram posts by various so-called Scholars who
Say that the most toughest exam is the upsc exam you crack it you crack the life that this Arena thing like that it is the most easiest exam with my Xperia I have seen the questions that are asked are the most easiest your you know engineering whatever that
Uh you know neat or you know uh see whatever you wrote CT or something like that those were difficult you had to remember formulas you have to you know you know physics or biology you have to remember that here what is there nothing now they want to make it difficult so
That they at least have that status upsc is making you see sat difficult but otherwise as a subject it is very easy if somebody told you that it’s a very difficult examination let me you know try to nicely put it that it is not difficult to exam it’s the most easiest
Exam the challenging part is many of you are here writing this examination so the Silver Lining to that is it’s easy to crack also you understood what where I’m going at this it is difficult mainly because you have more number of people but at the same time it becomes much
More easier to crack is because you don’t have to be intelligent you don’t have to be a Superman or Superwoman all that you have to do is have the right strategy right motivation write system in place most of you will not be able to clear because you don’t have a proper system
You come here because everybody is coming you come and read some book because everybody is doing it right you follow the herd you don’t question it you don’t see why you are doing something is that okay you don’t have a system in place you copy somebody else’s system
Which does not work for you is that okay so that is the reason why many of them are not able to clear this examination but as I told you it is very easy to clear this exam also and many of you me for example the reason why there were difficulties
Is because to find the right strategy took a lot of time you will also find very difficulty if you don’t have the right approach or strategy you will you know give attempts after attempts Until you realize how to crack the exam you might have seen people who have cleared prelims once
Keep clearing the prelims people who have cleared the means most of the times they clear the means people who have given interview will not just give one interview will give five interviews somebody who has cleared easily will clear next year with just few effort why
Is this you might have seen just go do research you will find out somebody who has cleared the exam and got some you know 600 700 rank next year they’ll give with little bit effort they will be able to clear it off you might have observed that
Okay somebody who has cracked it once will be able to crack it very easily what is this why is this are the intelligent definitely not they have a system in place all they do is repeat it to get that system that you know uh strategy is the difficult part if you
Ask me that is a difficult part I will give you one book of upsc it’s very easy you can read it on your own but what to read what not to read that is the difficult part you will waste two months reading history without actually being able to crack history questions
On your own because you will be studying something which is not required you might not be focusing on what you when you read you’ll be like oh these facts are very important you might not need those facts you you get what I’m trying to say same way here also Mains examination optional
Subject everywhere it’s like that I am not going to be saying that I am a good teacher everybody came in somebody who has that passion to teach can teach but I am telling you why we we are good is because we are able to direct you in the right direction
As a mentor as a guide as a coach all right so the examination I want you to realize is the easiest exam if you have provided if you have the right strategy if you have the right system in place so how do you crack this examination right first obviously you need to work
Hard right if you decide that no I’m not going to get up in the morning and come or I’m not going to study my entire day I’m going to you know want to enjoy I want to give priority to those things then obviously that’s the foundation 100
Hard work is the foundation but is hard work enough you sit for 10 hours is it enough use it for 12 hours is it enough definitely not because there are people easily giving more than that there are people who can sleep only for four hours five hours
Okay so what else you need obviously you need to work smart is that okay because there is less time how do you optimize how do you prioritize whom do you listen is also smart work which optional to take is a smart work okay which institution to join is a smart work
You get it so smart work starts right you know immediately as once you decide whether you want to do it or not so both of them have to go hand in hand working hard and working smart jugard you know the word jugad that works not only here tomorrow when you become civil servants
India is such a diverse and such a complex nation and Society you can’t work with the system you know just like a equals B it doesn’t work like that you need to adopt jugad you don’t have money you need to ensure that there is social contribution you have no system I mean
You don’t have you know there’s a disaster there’s a communal you need to be able to manage that with limited resources limited Manpower you think as soon as you get into service everybody is just going to come and take your autographs no you have to manage things with limited resources
You will have resource crunch right from the day one you start your service how do you manage that by smart work by jugard right then along with that very very important very key to the success is the right strategy the right approach everything which book to read which institution to join which optional
Subject to take okay which test to write when to write it which month which Target your I mean which topics you are going to finish when you are going to finish targets see right now you you believe that you attending classes we will do all the hard work
And you will clear the exam does not work that way in upsc we are facilitators okay nobody can assure you if somebody has assured you let me tell you it is wrong if you thought that okay by you know joining classes or by attending classes by listening to somebody you can
Clear the exam let me tell you that is a lie I said okay you need to have the right strategy in place you need to have Target see because how many of you are giving next year very seriously 2024 most of you yes if somebody is planning
Further it becomes more difficult let me tell you that the more number of years you give in to this more difficult it’s going to get okay we will discuss that over when we do the classes anyway so you are planning for 2024 that means 2025 you’re
Going to be a celebrity right that’s the plan 2025 you want to be a celebrity right good so 2024 if you have to give there is a strategy 2025 there is another strategy every stage every uh approach I mean every uh Target that you have has a strategy so
You need to have the right strategy and lastly the right Mentor who is able to guide you not a teacher not somebody who is going to teach you a good sub about that anybody can do that who has the passion who has the skill set a person with experience and knows what
Is right and what is wrong is required is that okay so the first two is your job working hard working smart the rest the next two is my job as far as anthropology is concerned our job with respect to all others are concerned with respect to anthropology the right strategy
And the right mentor is what I can promise you that you will get and it is absolutely necessary because unlike your ug unlike in school in school what you’re strapping you had a class teacher who has always behind you where is your homework show me your homework show me your notes
Why is it incomplete your parents were there now do they go and ask you that yeah as soon as you go home your parents will ask you show me what all you did today show me what is your homework did you do your homework don’t come for function birthday party because you have
Homework will they tell that same way teachers also will not ask you that you need so therefore because the subject is so easy you tend to drift away right you read something like what is that so you tend to get drifted so if you have the right strategy right
Incentives and right uh you know ways to analyze and you you tend to keep on track so let’s say if you have a strategy right so you you you say let’s say you have to move in this way but let me tell you upsc preparation phase
Is very volatile phase of uh you know it’s a very volatile uh environment personally okay externally also personally meaning there are times that you’re going to get depressed the times when you’re going to get bold of studying you don’t want to do it Etc so you have a plan it goes
Well so I probably will have a class today you are all motivated yes the real life right strategy you go study for three days and then it goes down somebody comes and says that hey what is happening or you have a weekend class we can test
Right out of 50 you get only 10 15 gone you go into you know a Negative Zone and then your new strategy is here so you need to again pull up your sink then it becomes more difficult that’s why I told you as the years passes you are going to push
Yourself down down and down to go up it becomes that much difficult he said ok so that is another problem that you need to so having a good Mentor having a good strategy helps for example self-study might help but what will happen is we finish it in 100 classes without your effort because
Externally it is being happening it’s happening but when you do it on your own after five days you tend to get distracted so the 100 days plan becomes 200 days and 300 days and one yet one attempt three attempts and then 26 said 2026 2027 2028 and 30 years by the time you
Come out of this you are 30 32 years and all your relatives and friends are going to ask who are you so that’s how it’s going to end up unless you have the right strategy right target now let me just give you an idea of this very briefly as we do classes I
Will be much more uh you know detailed about these strategies now you have planned to clear this I mean give this exam in 2024 so you’re going to clear this exam in 2025 okay so you have about four months this is 2023 you have about four months
You have 12 months over here and whatever so you you just going to plan your interview then so in this four months if for example in this if I have to just very briefly tell you what you need to do is finish your optional and finish about four GS subjects
So optional should be prepared such a way that even if you have the exam in January you should be able to give it as good as what others are able to do it can you do it definitely yes that should be your mindset that yes by December I have to finish my optional
You can’t keep it for January and you know whatever maybe end of January till then you can okay so January after that February onwards you have to focus on your prelims so you have your exam in May and June so February to May to June you will have
To focus on your prelims you can’t focus on your means then you can’t focus on your optional then you have to finish your optional by December the reason being once you finish me you start preparing for your Mains examination in the month of June you can’t sit and attend classes
All you have to do is revise give tests you can’t sit and learn new Concepts and all of that so the learning part should happen here the learning part should happen in 2023 by December January you should finish off you’re optional and about four to five GS from means mainly Mains and prelims
Point of view four subjects whether whichever subject is happening or whichever subject you decide like environment economy geography ethics finish of these four or five papers because you can’t have learning when the the year that you give your serious attempt the learning should happen majority of the learning should happen before
You are in a better uh situation not so good also better situation because you have started early okay so you have about you know four or five months by which you have to clear your optional subjects and some GS subjects Etc you do this from February you start your
Prelims preparations by giving test series Etc you clear your exam and me I mean write your exam hopefully clear it and then you will have about three to four months by which you will give your Mains tests Etc and you will try to enhance your skill sets and then October will be your
Examination this is the first strategy that you need to keep in mind and then individually you keep Target so this is the first Target that you should have what is the Target by about December January finish off your optional like the way you are going to give your exam in the
Month of January even if you give you should be able to get as good as what others have been doing it’s a competitive examination and you’re not going to be only freshers who are giving or it’s not going to be the only freshers who are giving this exam
Correct those who have been preparing for four years those who have already cleared the exam those who have given interview several times you have to compete with them yes or no you have to compete with those guys so how do you do that by these strategies you prepared with a proper goal and
Target you can match them if not they will obviously better than you so 2024 will not be your attempt 2025 will be your attempt and you will clear in the year 2026. like areas okay two three years four years but let me see you know you on an
Average let’s say you are all 23 24 years correct average age would be that of this classroom so next year you are going to be 25. 2024 you’re going to be 26 2026 you’re going to be 27. right your first or second attempt you will clear if at all you will be very
Young when you clear the exam fourth attempt 30 years fifth attempt 31 years sixth that time last attempt 32 years so age goes very quickly like that okay so as it becomes as I that’s why I told you the more attempts you give or you decide that you’ll give later
Right it’s going to become more difficult because now you are young and you are fresh out of graduation okay physically you are fit mentally also lot of aspirations dream you have not seen the failures here yet so you are all positively charged okay you’re a proton now but then what will happen
Right even your you know Social Circle also is positively charged all your family everybody is all very you know excited you are going for civil services examination my God he is that these this your friends also okay very happy like you become IAS next year your
First signature is going to be for me okay I will come you have to take care of me that this I’m sure many of your friends would have already told you that okay but then 25 they’ll ask what is happening and as years progresses things are going to get even worse
People will disassociate from you Etc okay they’ll start asking what is happening then you’ll start hiding go into cocoon I don’t want to get myself I’m just trying to make you you know make you visualize how things are going to get difficult later because fear is a very I believe here is
Uh you know you need to have both carrot and stick approach so first I always start with the fear to give you an idea so that most of you who are you know just woken up that Adrenaline Rush will come and then you’ll you’ll be more attentive to the class so this is
The fear of upsc this is the reality of upsc physically mentally and socially it gets more difficult as time progresses so make sure you had the right strategy you have the right Mentor you put in the right hard work and most importantly the smart work if you do that this examination is the
Most easiest examination in the world because you are studying you are a graduate and you are studying school level syllabus I’ll repeat you are a graduate and you are studying school level syllabus it’s the most easiest examination if somebody has told you it is difficult they have been just lying because they
Did not clear the exam is that okay fine so with that let me just start off with anthropology okay what is anthropology Etc as I told you I’m not going to go into the details of uh the syllabus okay but just getting you introduced to what is anthropology
So I’m sure some of you might have already done the research what is anthropology never heard of the subject okay until you started preparing for civil services somewhere on YouTube some topper said okay I took anthropology I cleared okay somewhere you were seeing they said that these are the optional
Subjects you can think about all right so anthropology for you is it’s a study of mankind anthropos means humankind mankind and logos logi means study so the study of mankind so we study about the humans everything about humans everything whether it is their society whether it is their culture whether it
Is their biological aspect whether it is their origin and evolution okay we study in anthropology everything that is man is studied under anthropology there is nothing that anthropologists cannot study can anthropology study economy definitely yes can anthropology study political system definitely yes do we study tribals yes do we study
Modern society yes do we study the origin Evolution biology yes so that is what anthropology is there is nothing that limits the discipline of anthropology it’s a science of humankind so everything that man has created around us and everything is related to mankind is studied in anthropology the environment
The Flora the fauna pollution what we have created Urban the economic institution the political institution everything is studied all aspects of humankind social the society how we organize ourselves the culture the way of our life behavior of people culture why do we behave like this why are we so crazy people
Why do we have religion why do we have marriage why do we have you know various political institutions why did we have to have a Law and Order system right so we study the cultural aspects we study the biological aspects why are we different people in India are very different from
People in Europe people in America people in Australia in the polar in high altitude they’re all different why are we different and how did we origin originate and how did we evolve we for a long time believed that we just appeared on Earth okay mythically it was created God
Created now we have evidences that no God created us we are like any other organism we have evolved how did we evolve okay so those are the things that we study and therefore the branches socio-cultural anthropology is one branch physical biological anthropology is another Branch linguistic anthropology is another
Branch and archaeological where we study the human past these are the different branches anyway so all that later point of time we will debate and discuss now this is something which you need to visualize before you decide whether anthropology or any other subject now in your syllabus okay I have divided the
Syllabus into five parts you will not understand it when you read the syllabus this is how we I have organizing because I am a strong believer in a strategy and systems so I have planned it according to the way you can better understand so we have it I have divided the entire
Syllabus into five parts the first part we discuss about social cultural aspects of humans Society what do you mean by Society group of people interacting with each other is society agreed yes what is culture what is culture the way people behave is culture the way of people’s life
You get up in the morning you eat breakfast that is culture the clothes that you are wearing that is culture I make a joke you smile that is culture I scared you you had you got scared that is culture the language I’m speaking is culture people’s behavior the way of
Life of group of people is called as culture so we study society and its culture there are many anthropologists who are intrigued by why people behave a particular way and they have studied them that’s what we are going to study I’ll give you an example later
Part 2 may we are going to study about Indian society and culture paper 2 is mainly Indian paper one is the theoretical part is that okay paper one is theoretical paper two is more Indian oriented so we study about Indian Society caste system religion I’ll write the value system in India purusharta Karma
Wada Karma right Karma it is a 10 marker question Karma why do you have karma is karma a fate right many Western philosophers thinkers religious Scholars try to undermine Indian Philosophy by saying that karma is fake you’re stupid you think it is fate we don’t think it is faith we are the
Owners of our Karma we don’t believe in faith if somebody said karma means fate it is wrong because you don’t know Indian Society you don’t know Indian culture that’s what we will be studying westerners said faith is I mean karma is Faith what do you mean by Fate
Is divine origin God has told that you are going to have this fate you are going to be born like this you are going to die like this it is written in your faith to become a civil servant it’s not you decide what you are going to be you
Put the right hard work you put the right strategy then you can become civil servant that is karma Karma means you are owner of your own future you are the owner of your own destiny such beautiful Concepts I mean I I don’t tell usually but we can apply it even in
Our ethics paper and Essay and all of that we don’t believe in fate it’s a misrepresentation of India and that has become popular we believe in controlling our own destiny we believe in working or even you know Krishna told Arjuna in you know bhagavad-gita that you are in charge of your own fate
Doesn’t use the word fate I’m just Ur or control of your own future destiny so you do your actions rightly with the right approach right strategy right mentor put in the right hard work you will clear anyway so in paper two may we will be discussing these value system of India
We’ll be discussing about caste system we will be discussing about various theories relating to Indian Society like why Indian Society is changing what are the factors leading to its change westernization modernization of Indian Society things like that part three we study tribals half your people do is to do with
Tribals and marginalized communities like your GS paper what is their problems what measures have been taken by the government how do we approach their admin problems what is the administrative system of tribal areas and things like that part 4 we study evolution see these are all distributed in
Different parts of the syllabus this is how I have organized it part four we study evolution okay origin and evolution evolution is two things one cultural Evolution and physical evolution humans are the only species on the planet Earth to have culture do you have any other animal who have culture no
It’s only humans who have culture we study the evolution of every organism but humans may also have culture so we study how culture has evolved phone for example mobile phones 2G 3G 4G 5G it’s evolving culture also has evolved two million years ago the cutting-edge technology was a stone
When we knew how to hold the stone and use it to break somebody’s head that was Revolution is that okay from there we have evolved and today we use technology in a very different way that back then the technology The Cutting Edge Cutting Edge technology was a stone nicely carved with sharp edges
That was a Cutting Edge technology okay if Steve Jobs was there alive then he would have explained the benefit of those stone tools to all his people you would have said that this is very lightweight it is very useful throw it you it will break their head the stone
Will not break you can reuse the stone like that that’s how it has evolved we then invented fire oh my God fire invention led to another Revolution we now could have barbecue parties right and then afterwards we started to use mechanized tools where we could make an object go faster
And we could hunt bigger animals then we started to domesticate plants and then we started to domesticate plants another evolution because we were no more in the mercy of the environment we could control our environment by domesticating plants and animal we could control our environment no more we
Were at the mercy of the environment we became the uh you know in charge we started to play God we became in charge and then we got little crazy and started to destroy everything like how we are creating pollution and things like that so this is evolution of what
Culture then we have evolution of human physical aspects also we were walking on four legs jumping from tree to tree one day we decided let me have a walk on the ground then we started to walk on two legs our hands got free we didn’t know what to do with our hands
Okay so we started to manipulate objects around us we started to invent tools we started to take these tools and give it to our spouses had a very good relation with them right then we started to build houses and things like that that’s how you know physically then we started to eat good
Food so our joy and all started to reduce our hand started to become much more finer yeah so things like that we physically evolved so we have to study physical and cultural Evolution and in the third fifth part we study the biological aspect of humans that means why humans are different what
Is race things like that so biological anthropology studies human biology okay not from uh you know the zoology point of view or medical science point of view not from that detailed point of view we generally study because ultimately the human variation is because of biological difference
So the basis of all human differences is biology so we study about why people are different Mendel’s Law Mendel’s principles and things like that so this is how our syllabus looks as simple as that social cultural Indian culture tribals Evolution and biological anthropology okay so as I told you the first part
Socio cultural we study what is culture we study what is society and the various institutions marriage religion kinship okay political system all these institutions we study in anthropology basically we observe you know like a creepy person we go stay in their society and observe and write down okay this is what is happening
Morning they get up at eight o’clock go to class okay and then after class they have breakfast okay they have break first okay then they have tea okay they have t so they make observation describe it analyze then they say why these people get up early in the morning and come
What is their motivation why are they doing it what kind of karma they are doing okay then they compare it with another Society another place Etc generalize it and come up with theories to explain why people do these these things this is what anthropologists do observe describe analyze meaning why something is
Happening compare and generalize and finally build a theory okay so that is what anthropologists do in Social cultural uh you know uh anthropology just give you an example just to keep it interesting on the first day we study about marriage all right so for example in terms of marriage we have
You know very simple ones that we see in our society monogamy gami means marriage mono means single pair so you have a husband you have a wife a wife male and female a classical example monogamy most popular or more commonly seen right but obviously you know that there are different marriage other than
Monogamy right you have polygamy what is poly more than plurality of husbands or plurality of wife you have one husband and multiple wife good for him or you have one wife and multiple husband good for her is that okay so that is polygamy so in that you have polygyny polyandry guinea means women
So polygyny means plurality of wife polyandry Andrea means man poly means plurality of husbands so there are Society you might be surprised but there are Society where one woman marries more than one husband will marry one more than one man okay it’s also equally common
But is this the only type of marriage so anthropologists are not happy they want to reach study more they have also found group marriage meaning there is plurality of husband and plurality of wife for example there is a tribe called as Kasa in India itself John sorry in the
Himalayan region uttarakhand so you have a tribe Casas so among them you have polyandry okay so you have so polyandry what is polyandry entry means men polymer plurality of plurality of husbands okay I’ll add another word fraternal what do you mean by fraternal in our quality also it’s then
Fraternity what do you mean by fraternity Brotherhood so what is fraternal polyandry marrying all the brothers so let’s say there are three brothers or four brothers one wife okay marries all the brothers okay you are laughing at it because it is unique but anthropology will make you sensitive
To appreciate this diversity they’ll be laughing at you only one wife only one husband then they’ll be laughing like this you get it so for us culture is what we do all other cultures are alien but anthropology will make you sensitive make you a better person better administrators tomorrow when you go and
See different cultural practice like there are stories that they eat dogs they eat cat they eat you know horses westerners will say oh my God they eat dogs array you eat you know Buffalo you eat chicken you eat how is it any different both are animals only
Just because you have it as a pet you believe you don’t want to eat it but others feel that they’ll keep chicken as a pet they’ll be like oh my God you’re eating chicken my God my poor chicken you know so it makes you culturally sensitive you
Get it so Paulie and this one over here group married like yeah we are all happily living why you’re getting married only one person you won’t get bold will be their doubts and they’ll be laughing at you yes so I’m just trying to make you realize that there are so many varieties
In the society so what happens here is fraternal polyity that means you have one wife and they marry all the brothers but it is also seen among this society that they also add one more wife they add one more wife ok so then what is this now you have plurality of
Husbands and you have plurality of wife technically what is it group marriage poly gyna entry is called instead okay anyway the terms we will see later these are all examples is it only type of marriage no if you see among the knowers among the knowers there is women women marriage
Women women married now you can say no no here also people are there but it is socially approved look at us we are still fighting cases in Supreme Court to legalize same-sex marriage and look at these societies they already have legalized same-sex marriage women women marriage is allowed in knowers
Doom Dam say they will do women women marriage okay among the azande there is man man marriage now you can say that happens everywhere this happens openly I’m saying as a social Norm it’s allowed people celebrate it they’ll not say what is happening oh my God they don’t tell like that they will
Say it’s okay azande male male marriage is that okay so like this there are so many different varieties and now as I told you what anthropology they observed they recorded it they analyze why it is like this they’ll say for example poly gyni is seen in those Society where women is
More than men polygyny means marrying more than more than one wife more than one wife why would you see this kind or where would that’s what anthropologists do they’ll see that men man population is less than women let’s say there is 900 men and there is thousand women so there is shortage of
Men and marriage is required not just for you know reproduction but it’s required for so many other purpose so women have to be married men have to be married enough Society so in this case what will happen these hundred you know women are addition correct they will remain unmarried they will remain unmarried
So what will what is the society as a device invented what have they invented they’ve invented polygamy allowing these hundred women to marry another man who is already married is that okay you get it so because there is shortage of women is one reason why you can have polygyny another reason is
They want to have more number of children so more number of wife means if a man marries more number of women how many children will he have obviously more yes if he marries only one wife in the entire reproductive age maximum around 15-20 children he can have but if he marries 20 wives
One year only Eli for 20 children you get it so if you want to have more number so that’s why you might have seen the Kings the rich earlier used to marry more number of people why because they wanted to have one of our King sandal what did
They do did they have one wife no they had more why because they wanted more number of children you get it so like that so we see why do they marry Etc then if I come to this knowers what anthropologists do so women women marriage why is this there very interesting
So among the newers if after marriage if the woman is not able to have children she’s Barren she’s not able to have a child so children is again very emotionally important it’s important because in those religion like I mean religiously if you don’t have children you will not
Go to heaven whatever is the story so be having a children is very important because you want to pass your lineage to the Next Generation otherwise I will die with you so having children is very emotionally important for in many Society so if a woman is not able to have children
Okay this society allows her to marry another women Okay so uh women is allowed women is allowed to marry another woman because she is not able to have a child so she marries this woman and she becomes this ritual husband ritual husband have this woman and this
Woman is allowed to secretly have an affair with somebody else and get pregnant and she will have a child now the child will belong to whom it will belong to this first women this is nothing but surrogacy you get it today we are still fighting for it
We are enacting laws we are so primitive you get it those societies are so advanced they had surrogacy back then only you get it as a part of ritual is that okay what will happen you hire another woman to Bear your child when you are not able to have a child
This happened in numbers back then only same way Asante also due to shortage of women men for companionship can marry another man okay so like this Anthropologist will try and describe analyze why it is there that’s what makes anthropology interesting you don’t get bold because you study all these features why it happens
Etc okay so that is what is this example helping you understand is it all is marriage not evolving is it not changing it is changing there is something today where yeah there is solo gami okay solo gami array who wants to take the burden of your you know spouse I’ll be happy I
Will get married to myself I’ll pamper myself Valentine’s I’ll buy gift for myself I’ll be saving money I’ll keep myself happy my emotions are for me so these practice have now already started so log I mean not yet legal but you know it has already started in India for
Example last year for the first time okay somebody declared that they are getting married to or 24 years old kashma Bindu tied not to herself is one of the first reported Solo gami in India in India it is new but in other nations like South Korea they are already having honeymoon packages
For solo gami is it understood okay since 2014 Travel Agency in Kyoto is offering self-managed practice for women honeymoon package for them for themselves you you get it this is what anthropology does it studies the unique cultures of different societies and tries to make us sensitive to them
By analyzing it trying to understand why it happens no more we will be laughing at it we will understand yes why it is happening what is the reason behind it Etc is that understood this is what anthropology does in Social cultural anthropology just another example if you
Talk about religion just to make it a little bit interesting religion right so you might just think okay there is Christianity Hinduism Islam and everybody is breaking each other’s head but there are so many more other types of religion okay animism worship of Spirit animalism Worship of energy okay fetishism
Uh excessive emotional attachment to a particular object you might have seen politician holding lemons and all of that that is fetishism I am not talking about it okay so fetishism then nature worship okay then totemism where you believe that you are a descendant of a particular object
Plant animal and you worship that as a totem totemism is where you believe that you are a descendant of a tree of bird Eagle vultures tiger lion and you worship that as a totem so that is totemism ancestral worship okay monotheism right single God and polytheism
Right so these are some of the different types of religion anthropology studies that why do you have it how is it changing they also study what is the purpose of religion from a functional point of view now all of you might be some of you religious might get hurt by me saying
This but religion is man-made religion is man-made because we invented religion for a purpose is what functionalists say okay functional Theory says that why do you have you know religion what is the function of religion it’s a man-made culture we have invented it because unlike today where we have Law
And Order police to keep us controlled back then you did not have it Society was so primitive that you did not have police Law and Order IPS you know all that they did not have so people would have behaved crazily they would have gone killed each other
They would have lied they would have been dishonest society would have been thrown into chaos agreed all of you society would have been thrown into chaos now for example you want to go jump around you you find a nice Mobile in the shop down only purvica Mobile store let’s say
You like the mobile you’ll go take it and come off no you’ll not take it and come why even though you are like you know so passionately in love for that new phone you won’t take it and come why because there is Law and Order there is
CCTV camera there is people who is watching you you get arrested you will go to jail but back then thousands of years back you did not have Law and Order you could simply go and take somebody and I mean something and come off what would prevent you from doing that
For example religion fear right when you go and take God will get angry you steal God will get angry you lie God will get angry you are hurting somebody God will get angry is that you cheat somebody God will get angry you go to hell another function I’ll tell you tomorrow
Your prelims exam what do you do you along with doing revision and all you go to religious places okay you will go and you know offer 100 rupees get one banana half coconut right go three rounds six rounds nine rounds whatever before the results which all
Temples you’ll go why do you go there does it going to create I mean suddenly all the prelims it marks on its own no why do you go there it reduces the fear it reduces anxiety it brings order in our mind that everything is going to be fine
I have worked hard now God will take care of everything and then Aram say you will go and give your prelims exam otherwise you’ll be having lot of tension fear let’s say you wanted to go for a very difficult voyage you buy a new car
What do you do you break coconut on its head why because by doing that you believe that you will not meet with an accident around say you will dry at 120 kilometers per hour thinking nothing will happen to you because you have done you have stuck one lemon under it nothing will happen
Politicians also what do they do they will do all you know backdoor stuff then hold lemon nothing will happen to them why fear yes so if you want to have order in society you want to have order in self now I can always tell you you know if I
Was a spiritual leader okay over here I would have told you along with this the best strategy is every day get up in the morning take one lemon and put it around your table you know and rotate it 360 degrees and put it in front of it
Hundred percent you will clear next year ok so if I tell you that if I am able to convince you to do that see now you are laughing at it so I am not able to convince you but if I tell you that what will happen you will be highly motivated
Yes this lemon every time you see that lemon what will happen energy you know you will start that energy will come every day morning you get up eight o’clock I’m not able to do it you see lemon suddenly energy will come if I am able to motivate that’s what religion does know
Correct no they will tie something to your hand and you will become Superman they will throw some holy water on you gone you are Superman correct what is this it is nothing but motivation nothing but bringing order into your life life is very chaotic life is very
Difficult not just upsc life in general is difficult so religion helps you to do that and there are society which did not have religion before what did they have they had magic we have magic also we study about magic also we’ll do some magic also in the class
Okay we study about magic as part of religion correct no you have seen many of our babaji’s Etc do like this and give you things that is nothing but Magic again magic purpose is same as that of religion to bring order into the society you do
Have seen black magic and all who do dolls and they put you know you don’t like your friend if I don’t clear my friend should not clear so you take your friend’s photo and you start pinching it that is Magic why to bring order into society voodoo
Doll or witchcraft you know things like that you might have seen those are also magic see for example azande have witchcraft because they had lot of Chaos in their society and whenever something goes wrong they blamed it on the witch same way even in India why go so far
Recently last year in jharkhand is one of the villages there were people killed in the name of witches why because there was a disease that was affecting their Village not covet some other disease so people thought it is being done by The Witches they’ve started panicking okay so they had witchcraft
So these are all like religion magic so this is what anthropology does why do we have religion why do we have magic and why do we have people like this why do we have people like this there is so much problem in society yes why did people rely on these things
There are so much of problems in the society and these people give you a hope correct you don’t clear after two three four attempts what do you do you are panicking you go and ask what to do right it reduces fear tension brings order in your life
Is what we study in anthropology so it’s just a introduction to what do we study in anthropology so we try to study these institutions marriage kinship Etc observe them study them understand their variations classify them build the theories various institutions like marriage family kinship okay economy political organization
Economy also for example when you go to uh you know somebody your friend’s wedding okay you give 100 rupees 100 and one rupee what do that person do you’ll see oh this person give 100 rupees writes down okay this person gave me 100 rupees in your wedding what will happen
Same 100 rupees will come reciprocity that we study in economy correct you might have seen ceremonial Exchange right recently uh Varma Lakshmi was there you might have seen the things that they give with that has no utility at all correct no they give you one small doll
They’ll give you one two Bangles they’ll give you two three uh you know uh elliotic and all of that what’s the utility of it is ceremonial so there is ceremonial Exchange right religion okay language these are the institutions different varieties how it is there why it is there what is the
Theory behind it all that we will study over here this is what socio-cultural anthropology do we study their theories anthropologists Theory to study the origin of culture behavior of people why there is variations in the society why do people behave in a particular you might have seen YouTube and social media
Is filled with that everybody justifying their own culture we need to have this law we need to have this law women have to be dressed like this men have to behave like this yes because they believe their own culture is the right thing but anthropology is not like that we try to
Study why there is variations in the society all right and there are so many theorists like this which we will be studying here classical evolutionists who study how culture as evolved diffusionist they study how culture invented and spread functionalist who study why do we have culture okay culture personality how culture shapes personality
Don’t you think it is different personality of people in India is different from personality of people in U.S do you agree yes why is it because of culture so we study all of that and what all methods they use field work observation things like that we study
Over here this is what is there in socio-cultural anthropology okay the part two is Indian as I told you in the Indian maybe study about the traditional Indian Society the value system Etc we study the caste system we study the impact of religion on Indian Society other religion like
Islam Christianity Buddhism Jainism we study social change that is occurring in India as a result of westernization modernization we study how it is happening sanskritization and things like that how media is leading to social change how panchayati Raj is leading to social change okay we study about Indian anthropologists and their contributions
To the study of caste system to the study of gender Dynamics Etc okay we then study about Indian villages okay the housing pattern in Indian Villages the gender Dynamics in Indian Villages The Agrarian relationship in Indian villages because majority of the people are when probably this time was believed that
They live in the rural areas majority of the economy was agriculture so if you want to understand Indian Society where do you have to go you have to go to The Villages okay then you have study of minority communities like religious minorities Linguistics all like General Studies okay marginalized societies like obc’s
And things like that demography of Indian population okay the population rate birth rate death rate fertility rate what are the factors that affected what changes are happening what is its impact population change fertility rate earlier people used to have a dozen children today two children one child tomorrow we
Have to bring a lot to make them have children Society is evolving demographic system I mean structure is undergoing change that’s what we study in Indian anthropology very simple they are all probably social cultural we we take usually 30 40 hour classes Indian 10 tribal 10 10 to 15 classes we finish it
Off very quickly because they are very simple paper two in hardly 30 classes we can finish it off okay 250 marks worth then you have uh part three that is tribals okay so tribals and some other uh communities also so tribals classified the tribes their problems since tribals are dependent on Forest
The forest policy and its impact administration of tribal area social change among tribal areas impact of Hinduism on tribes impact of Islam on tribe impact of Christianity on tribals modernization industrialization urbanization on tribes all right contribution of anthropologists to the welfare of tribals their welfare program schemes Etc
That is what we study in part three along with that some other things like regionalism communalism okay ethnic movements all that also will be part of it because tribes tribes and other aspects maybe study all of that he said okay this is part three tribal anthropology so Evolution two things one is cultural
Evolution and the other one is your physical evolution Evolution so cultural Evolution so as I told you initially we the first thing that we invented was Stone tool so Evolution also is like that stone tools Stone means lithic so we have stone ages then comes metal age okay then comes Industrial Revolution
So we don’t have to go into that because we only study the prehistory not the history prehistory means that part of the history that part of our past which is not having a written record that is prehistory history is history optional subject not us so prehistory mainly Stone Age and
Metal age before history metal age before history in India we also have proto-history that is Harappan civilization we have written but we are not yet deciphered proto-history it’s called between history and prehistory prehistory and history so prehistory is divided into stone age and metal age stone age is classified into Old Stone
Age Middle Stone Age and new stone age old is Paleo paleo means old lithic means Stone Paleolithic Old Stone Age Mesolithic middle miso means middle and Neo means new Neolithic so after that we introduce metal along with stones we did not just leave off stone stone also were used
To make Chutney and all Stone only was used so you have lithik Chalco Chalco means copper okay along with stone we started to use metal ok then copper bronzage we started to add other elements into copper to make it much more efficient like tin and all that to make bronze so copper bronzage
And then Iron Age Iron Age leads to a much more complex society civilization which gave rise to writing and therefore history okay so that’s why later Parts is not part of our syllabus we just have to study these things Paleolithic misery so that’s how Stones were used back then cutting-edge technology and as
Anthropologists we try to study how it evolved and what were their features meaning what were their housing what was their economic activity what were their gender division did they have religion did they speak a language how did they make these tools what kind of tools did they use what kind of
Animals did they hunt Etc same way we also study physical evolution we study the basics of evolution like Darwin’s theory okay chromosomal Theory Mendel’s Law these are all theories to explain evolution survival of the fit test upsc as an example survival of the fittest there is so much people only few Will
Survive Darwin said the same thing there is so much population but only few Will Survive who will survive the fit test who will be that fittest who had the right kind of variation in biology in upsc the right kind of strategy okay so then we will also study the
Different stages through which humans evolved homo Erectors you might have heard that’s what so Australopithecus Homo habilis Homo erectus Neanderthal and Modern Man five stages may be heavyward we were walking on four legs the first person to walk on two lexes Australopithecus how it happened what were their cultural
Features what were their physical features Etc we will be studying that is physical evolution and a little bit about evolution in India in paper 2 we will be studying once we finish it here we will go to PayPal 2 where we study about India’s prehistory paleo miso Neolithic of India
Okay then we also study the proto-history of India that is Harappan civilization we study post Harappan that is Vedic civilization and some fossil evidences also from India in India your luck we don’t have so many fossils we just found three fossils in India and we had to study them they are called as
Rama pitikas Shiva pitikas and narmada man one we found in narmada one we found in shivalik Hills so we called it Shiva pitikas and then Rama got angry so we named the other one Rama piticus okay so that’s how we have named them okay that is part four of your
Anthropology in the last part part five is biological anthropology all right so in biological anthropology basically what we study is human variation why we are different and then its application okay so why we are different what is the basis of the difference genetics and environment culture and other things
So that’s why we study about little bit about genetics meaning how genes are transmitted from one generation to another how genes are responsible for particular character that’s what we study here and then we started to find utility of these branches that means we started to use this knowledge for health benefits for
Devising better nutrition in forensic anthropology in sports also we used this knowledge in sports like in Australia and all they’re doing genetic study to identify which Gene is responsible for better athletic performance you get it ok so there are genes which helps you to metabolize more efficiently
And therefore you can be a better short Runner or long run or whatever so those kind of Gene Studies have been done by anthropologists even here if you go to psi I mean it’s not to that extent at least but we are trying to do these it’s called as can anthropology
So these knowledge about genetics human physical difference Etc like for example basketball you need to have a particular physique swimmers they need to have a big chest volume then they can be a better swimmer uh weight lifter should be short so that they will be able to lift it to a very
Shorter distance if that fellow is seven feet tall you have to lift the weight for seven feet boxer uh you know uh uh and uh this one word footballer for example footballer medium height so that the center of gravity is at the background so that he’ll he’ll be
More agile he’ll UFC no Pele or Ronaldo or you know Messi they are not tall seven feet tall six feet tall they’re not so tall they’re short so that they can go under each other’s leg and go off you have seen Nigerian runners marathon runners they come no Bangalore
Marathon Etc how are they thin Like Only Bone covered with skin yes because of their adaptive ability there so this science is can anthropology we study that not the technical part we study these things how they are better how do we do it okay how do we compare so those things applied
Aspect of it so we study human variations we study the genetic basis of human variation Mendel’s genetics how these things are happening chromosomal abnormalities okay we study race and racism why people of different parts of the world are different we study ecological anthropology that means how humans are adapting to their environment
High altitude they are different cold region may they are different Hotmail they are different is that okay now you go to Himalaya for a trekking Expedition OK and then you jump I mean when you are going trekking okay the local guide he’ll be jumping from one place to another like
And you feel very guilty oh my God I am getting old or I am not I have to go back and do a lot of exercise don’t feel guilty if you are knowledge and physi biological anthropology is good you will not feel guilty you’ll know that you are not having the genes
That gives you that adaptation they have genetic ability of high lung capacity high blood volume high hemoglobin content higher breathing rate okay so therefore they are better don’t feel guilty your knowledge on anthropology will help you do that same thing you come here you eat you know panipuri on the street nothing will
Happen to you but the same thing the other that fellow comes and eat panipuri gone five days Hospital why because you are adapted to the you know Pani Puri over here that knowledge you will get from this how you adapt to your environment people in the equatorial region okay they have
A darker skin not that because they did not use fair and loudly it is because of genetics because of evolution it is good don’t have to worry about it it is good that you have certain they have certain particular type of skin because it gives them the resistance
From harmful radiations which is Direct in the equatorial region UV rays are much more direct insulation is in geography you will be studying so to protect them our skin is producing melanin pigments it is more in Equatorial region because it gives you more protection in your Eskimos if they
Have melanin pigment they will not they will die of vitamin D deficiency so it is adaptive don’t have to you know ah worry about all the guilt because you have knowledge on physical anthropology growth and development what are the factors that affect growth what are the different stages of growth how nutrition
How economic factors how social factors how biological factors affect growth and development for example if you see the average height of Indian women and the average height of women of European countries it’s very different the reason is cultural patriarchal society the kind of food that we consume in India is very
Different from Austria European Society but today if you see the present generation the future generation even you know the girls are quite tall taller than their mothers you might have seen mothers will be short the daughters will be very tall because of nutritional difference mother would have been
Neglected in their family because of patriarchal better food would have gone to the son daughters would have got neglected but now things are reversing all this you can understand my Dimension multiple dimension in growth and development demography population increase decrease stages of change Etc and applied anthropology meaning like nutritional anthropology epidemiological
Anthropology forensic anthropology Kine anthropology that is sports anthropology anthropology today is used for Designing equipments defense equipments helmets seat belts airplane seats is that okay airplane seats are different in India and in other countries because anthropologists told them people of India have this particular structure people of U.S have
Different structure mobile phones which mobile phone is beneficial Etc they do studies door knobs helmet size the shirt size you might have seen no Excel Excel here is different from Excel in other countries again anthropologists have told that this is how it should be designing of equipments
Is that okay fine to not just improve the efficiency of your life but also improve safety improve Comfort improve Aesthetics is that okay like McDonald’s in India is very different from McDonald’s in U.S who have told that culturally sensitive things you have to introduce if they introduce beef in McDonald’s over here
They will burn it down correct if you introduce pork in uh Saudi Arabia they will burn it out burn it there so the pork and beef which is available in U.S McDonald’s is not available in India in Saudi Arabia for example in Korea and Japan it is
Fish that is most common in McDonald’s who has told all of that what is the basis it’s all anthropology that’s what is applied anthropology is that okay that’s all that is what is there in anthropology very briefly you can go through the syllabus now later at home
And see what is it what topics are there Etc but you want to understand as we do classes when we do each topic I shall give you what we are going to do which part of the syllabus once we complete everything you will get an idea because
It’s not organized well the syllabus the way we understand would be better this way all right so that is what this one some facts I think you all know or do you want me to tell you about the optional papers how it is how many papers are there two papers how many marks
250 marks right morning ones paper afternoon one paper 250 marks for three hours right so there will be eight questions there will be eight questions 50 marks each in each paper there will be 50 question marks eight questions one two three four five six seven eight
Out of this eight you will have to write five you will have to write five five into fifty two fifty marks is that okay and the in the first question you have five questions ten marks each second third fourth sixth seventh eighth you have fifteen marker
15 marker and 20 marker I don’t know whether you need to uh you know think about it right now but this is how it is what what is it what I’m trying to say is maximum you’ll be writing for 20 marker and minimum you will be writing for 10 marker and number one
Question and number five question is compulsory all that I will tell you maybe uh the welcome document that you will all get will contain all these information you can go through it so I’ll be sharing the in the group there’s a group that has been created so
I’ll be sharing all the documents that is necessary for you to analyze it which book to read which how the exam pattern is previous year questions everything I will share it to you so you can go through it ok so first question and fifth question is compulsory two three four six seven
Eight from that you have to answer any three questions such a way that either you have to choose one from two three four and two from six seven eight or two from two three four and one from this so section a section B so either you okay these are compulsory right so one
Plus one and one plus two section A and section b or 1 plus 2 1 plus 1. so compulsorily you will have to attempt minimum two in each section that’s what it is so you will have options so now I told you five parts are there how is it divided so
Section A will contain Evolution and paper one section A will contain Evolution and social cultural section B will contain biological in paper two section A will contain Indian section B will contain tribal that’s how it is anyways if you are not getting this it’s fine leave it okay so this is
How the papers are divided two papers paper two contain Indian and tribal paper one contain evolution social cultural and biological okay so that’s how you have so candidates have to attempt five questions in all all right so therefore what does it mean that see this is what is the strategy I’m telling you
Okay out of eight questions you have to write five so you choose which one you will be writing you master that subject you are good in something you excel in that so that you choose that kind of question studying hundred percent would not be necessary because you have options
Okay that’s what is an example so now how do we address this very simple first let’s try to understand it knowledge will be will build the knowledge okay that is uh what do you say uh non-com it cannot be compromised you have to have the basic knowledge theoretical idea Concepts has to be
Clear because the kind of questions that is asked the way you write okay depends upon how much knowledge and Clarity of thought that you have so we need to understand we need to do that there is no shortcut no guidebook I cannot give you this question this
Answer write it like in school we used to have no and we used to put you know question two lines and then right answer same question would come in the exam that doesn’t work in anthropology or any optional or any upsc you need to have conceptual clarity
So your answers are going to be beautiful then analyzing it interrelating topic Etc and then presenting how to write better answer what do you need to focus on okay so those things these are the things that we try to do in the class okay very systematically very organized
Everything when you get the handout you will know which class May which handout will be given it will be there so that you will know what to do it I mean what to do and how to go about it there are workbooks that I will give you
In which you will write so that it will also give you a better plan I mean pictures will be there photographs will be there okay so these workbooks will contain that I’ll be giving you a lot of handouts I’ll also be giving you textbooks or one textbook you’ll have to buy okay
So this is how it is so the timetable is like this about 100 classes on an average plus or minus depends upon you if you are good we might reduce the hours if you need more attempts I mean more time for me to explain we might have to increase about 100 classes this
Is how the classes will be conducted as I told you five parts yes five parts and five tests for each part you will have a test so that at the end of your class you should have at least had the experience of writing answers the there is no way more that I can
Stress on answer writing it’s very very important because by writing these tests you expose yourself to your weakness and then you can make Corrections otherwise you will be surprised in the exam keeping it surprised no I don’t want to know I get tension correct most of you
Might be thinking I’ll not give test because I am not trade syllabus I will not give test because I will get scared I’ll get demotivated then I will not study you will find hundreds of reasons my stomach is aching my that is there my this is there
But the most important part if I have to stress on is these tests because it exposes you to your weaknesses and then you can plan your style because everybody’s weakness is unique some might not be able to remember facts or might not be able to structure their
Answer some might not be able to whatever so you need to understand your weakness so we can help you understand your weakness and then accordingly you need to study okay so this is what it is now how do you master this very simple anthropology to finish in four or five
Months is very easy what you have to do is what we do in the class understand the concepts the stories the ideas Etc that is what I will be helping you to do even though it is simple a well organized idea if you have in your head
The information will be coming out very nicely in your exam then notes for everything so that you don’t have to do all the hard work etc so as we have seen 20 marker maximum so 20 marker you require 250 to 300 words so minimum what we’ll have is this much
In your notes so that if then if they ask 20 marker even if you have pen markers you have the notes ready so all that you have to do is after understanding is remember this notes the keywords headings Etc in these notes so that you can replicate the answer revise
This repeatedly no need to do anything new no need to read anything extra everything what is required for you to do and read I will tell you instead of reading write more is my Approach then there are facts that you have to remember every exam may you
Have facts GS optional you have certain facts that you have to remember names of anthropologists case studies Etc so make a list of data facts and case studies for quick revision micro notes not detailed notes our nodes that we give in class is detailed but that you will not have time for
Revision quickly before the exam so what do you need you need something to quickly revise those are your micro notes that I will tell you how to do in class you can keep doing it changing it as and when you progress and then answer writing we will start with
Ah you know weekly tests weekly uh sorry answer writing so that you get into the habit of writing and how questions are asked Etc and then probably we can always you know once we have these tests then you will get a better idea so the way you present it becomes more
Important that is a very simple strategy for anthropology so if you decide to take anthropology with me you don’t have to worry about anthropology at all just follow what I tell you to do religiously okay with a lemon in front of your table as religiously as that I can guarantee
You that you will have a smooth sailing in anthropology not a problem at all right now some marketing why you should take Anthology I usually don’t do this okay but for you to you know just keep in mind while deciding what if somebody has not yet decided anthropology as an
Optional subject so why we need to choose anthropology I mean if some of these things are Matlab what do you say if you have not yet decided to take anthropology this anthropology as an optional is easy to understand not at all difficult okay there is no some very technical
Topics are not there because we study everything we study with very superficially now genetics we don’t go into the genetic part technically we study The Superficial okay we study the economic aspect we don’t go superficial we go only super we don’t go to in depth so it’s very easy to understand and very
Interesting also yes because as I told you marriage kinship right so many uh it’s going to be humorous lot of time interesting a lot of times like for example when we study about the ecological anthropology how the share parts of Nepal what kind of adaptation their lung capacity how it
Is different how their blood system is different is that okay like for example when you see desert people okay the Kalahari Desert May those who live they live with just very bare minimum and in the night it goes minus degrees but yet they are happily sleeping on the
Ground without anything we will be shivering we will not be able to survive but those guys will be able to do that there is something called as blunted response among them we’ll see how do they do these things so when it gets to that level it gets very interesting Sports anthropology
Nutritional anthropology epidemiological like how Ebola virus spread how did not from the technical not the virus and obesity how culture like Ebola virus in Africa spread mainly because of their death ritual practices okay it’s a transmittable disease so there had to be certain precautions taken before I mean for the burial those
Who got affected like how kovid may be so no we need to maintain quarantine like that ebola virus spread mainly in Africa because of the ritual practices so all these from anthropological point of view when we study you will be it will be very interesting less to remember because there is less
Facts less information it’s not so much researched subject especially social cultural in India so therefore what has happened in the past is that only will be studying still okay less to remember it’s a very you news discipline started just a bits 100 years old 150 years old subject
It’s not like we study about Greek philosophers you know ancient philosophers medieval philosophy nothing like the no philosophy study only the modern ones 10 people are there we study them because it’s a very recent it was all studied in different discipline anthropology for your fact why it’s not yet known in India
Did you guys know when you were writing CET I want to be get into anthropology did you know that you never knew what anthropology as a subject was because in India it is a master’s degree majority of the universities people don’t know sociology after that people might take anthropology
In new uh in uh you know Europe it is under psychologic psychology because culture is what human behavior psychology studies human behavior in some part it is part of history in some universities so therefore it is whatever leftover subject so you have less information over here it is scoring
Because of obviously limited uh information less effort is required okay not many standard textbook resources information is there limited so therefore whereas other subjects lot of research is happening lot of contemporary changes Dynamics Etc is happening so therefore it is expected you to keep evolving your this one like for example
You have a theory in other subjects you have a theory they’ll criticize that theory that criticism was criticized by somebody else and then they’ll be criticized so you’ll be like which one they’re asking the question will be such that you will not know how they are asking
That doesn’t happen over here and anyone can Master the subject because it has for everybody okay whether it is biology whether it is culture whether it is Indian whether everybody has something or the other two be beneficial from whichever background you are you can Master it
And it will also help you in your GS and in your Administration in the future Etc all right because anyone in your life also it makes you a better person okay just add on benefits of anthropology it just makes you a better sensitive and uh and also you’ll have
Lot of interesting stories to tell when you meet people so you will be the center of the party telling that you know what happened in among the knowers this happened they’ll be like oh my God you know so all that can also help it might benefit you’ll know how to
Manipulate people you know based on their culture you know make your spouse happy make your boyfriend girlfriend happy and all of that by using culturally sensitive approaches okay so these things all will help you in your life also help you in your GS Tribal Indian Society culture
Right paper one you have Society ethics paper is there okay so all these things are there and I will be helping you uh also throughout your journey so I have done my mbbs okay so I have uh you know authored the books on biological anthropology also and I’ve been training
For nine plus years in anthropology and all of that okay so more than 100 of my students have already cleared you’ll be one of them in next year okay so this way as a mentor I will be able to as I told you facilitator and a coach to help
You clear this examination and how will I be supporting you by making anthropology very simple interesting and my notes what I give you dictated the textbooks the workbooks the handouts everything what I have been doing from past 10 years or more than that actually uh the textbooks and workbooks answer writing the right
Approaches to writing a good answer in anthropology as well as in Gs some value addition contents through handouts case studies so many case studies that you yourself will get bored of it okay then test series Etc and also you can contact me anytime any you can usually meet me I’ll be
Hanging around in Chandra all the time okay so I used to stay far away but now I have relocated near Chandra layout only very nearby so I’m always available many of my students meet me even in the when I’m running or in the gym in cult
Many of my students also we meet so I’m always there uh throughout the preparation stage okay so you can approach so you need somebody for that also that’s what I’m saying uh so somebody who has taken teaching as a career is better than somebody else so
This is how I will be able to support and for you guys a bonus okay along with these classes you’ll also get lot of life lessons Okay because you know life is beautiful I keep telling that civil services unfortunately makes life miserable so I am there to make sure that you
Don’t deviate from the concept that life is beautiful because that helps you to keep motivated High Spirit which is absolutely important if you are in the right state of mind you can definitely clear the exam why you want clear as the attempt goes is because mentally you start becoming weak
Is that ok that’s why I told you clear in the first attempt every time I tell my student first attempt is your best attempt okay because as you spend more time what happens is mentally you start becoming weak because the support pillars around you start to break down
Today everybody is there to support your fees is being taken care by somebody the stay is taken care by somebody your family emotionally is supporting you but as the years passes by that breaks down so you need that support the life lessons would be very useful so as a
Bonus I’ll be giving you a lot of life lessons and for your physical and mental probably spiritual as I told you one example now take a lemon good lemon okay and keep it in your so spiritual also maybe I will try to give lot of exam strategies
Do’s and don’ts okay writing answers not only from anthro but GS point of view also and some comedy also violated as you all might have realized in today’s class to keep it fun at it because as I told you life is beautiful you should not struggle unnecessarily somebody might
Have told hey UPS is difficult struggle nothing like that previous generation socialistic mindset our parents or would have said we did not have shoe to go to school you look at you now always in now always in mobile phone Etc I tell them that we are struggling
More than you guys you guys were happy without wearing shoes you are peaceful in life we have to struggle there is shortage in everything so much company we get 199 there is somebody who has got 100 Karma right because of that person we have to suffer
Correct no so that’s right so we need to appreciate uh you know those those things uh with life okay so keep in mind life is beautiful enjoy it enjoy everything that you do here then only you will clear if you make it difficulty already the exam is very difficult
Because it’s competitive not the subject it’s difficult the whole process by the time 2025 just imagine close your eyes and imagine 20 25 is two years from now if everything goes well 20 25 you are going to clear two years of your life not doing anything that is you know you don’t see
The result immediately you see the results of all that you are going to put eight o’clock you are getting morning 100 times you have to get up to attend my class and you don’t see the results immediately you see it after two years how can I keep you motivated so difficult it is
Because I can’t give you results immediately other exams are not like that school May graduation in one semester you get a Topper over good six months you get to know what is yours State here it’s not like a 2025 so much tension prelims results Mains results interview my God
So that is that that’s that’s what is very challenging so you have to remember this whole ecosystem of upsc is very stressful I’ll repeat the ecosystem of upsc is very stressful don’t give yourself stress already people are giving you stress look at me so much stress I gave you already in this
Morning eight o’clock by giving you data scaring you so much stress I gave you don’t give yourself that stress take care of yourself eat good food stay healthy do some activities don’t get carried away okay and then now yes sir has asked me to keep myself
Happy I’m going for a movie which is that new one uh rajinikanth’s movie I’ll go jailer I didn’t say that I’m saying keep yourself physically mentally spiritually comfortable happy but do the things that is expected come out of your comfort zone and do it but eat healthy many of you will start
You know saving money thinking that I have to plan for two years three years and start eating bad food you’ll start put on unhealthy uh you know weight and things like that you start staying in bad places okay you start compromising on lot of things don’t do that
Is that understood you should not compromise you should take care of yourself only you can take care of yourself the exam people around you your seniors for exam you might have said no chance oh you have to read this many books in Seattle start from array you’ll
Ask why should you read and said nobody knows why to read ncrt ncrt is for foundation do you are they ask questions from ncrt no it is for foundation and most of the South Indian schools are good you don’t need ncrt trust me you don’t need ncert because your foundation is already strong
You are just wasting three four months reading ncrts because daily May somebody has said ncrt is good because they don’t have proper schooling system probably that is why their Basics are not good they don’t know what is democracy they don’t know what is Republic if you know what is democracy and
Republic start reading lakshmikant don’t have to read sixth standard ncrt seven standard ncrt because your seniors will tell because they are from three years they have been doing that you have to finish in one year get out don’t stay here for long so ask why you have to do it for example
Ncrt if you don’t have the basic Foundation read ncrt if you are a medical doctor reading sixth standard science ncrt or a stupid person for example I’m just giving you an idea if you are a science student and reading science six standard you’re a stupid person if you
Have done ba uh you know or the ba or M A in economics and you read nine cylinder 10 standard ncrt you are the most stupid person just because somebody told you to read it if you have basic Foundation from your school stick to the standard textbook like quality lakshmikant
History some Spectrum or something like one book master it you get it so take care of yourself you are responsible for your health and well-being and your success don’t let anybody else tell you what to do so I I that’s one suggestion at the
End that I have to tell you is make sure that you eat healthy stay healthy keep yourself comfortable even if it is little bit expensive borrow money for two years because once you become civil servant all of them will not even ask that money back they’ll say no hey
No no no let it be there so you ask money if you don’t have money from your friends don’t feel shy and you do if you have that concept that oh I am troubling my parents I have all that don’t have such stupid ideas in your mind
It’s an investment take it as that whatever you do staying healthy good PG or good room nearby staying I mean taking good libraries or whatever good programs eating good food don’t compromise okay if you take my advice stay in a room get a cook get healthy home cooked food
If you can afford that word so I am telling you don’t think it is as a burden for your parents look at it as an investment they invest whatever how much hour Lacks imagine how much you can give back once you clear the exam is that okay so keep healthy be happy
Life is beautiful okay so reference books are there I’ll share the uh you know welcome document in that you will find all these names of these books don’t have to buy okay but if you want to have a good collection of books you can do that
And you can refer it once in a while I have read all of them the notes will have all these information I’m just telling you because many of you will come after the cluster which book to read for them it is okay or somebody who likes like me who likes books
The smell of that nice printed book writing the name in the first page I like it I collect books if you are that person please buy it’s not that expensive and you can refer once in a while because some topics I might just do it
From the exam point of view so like that you can refer these are the books okay Amber and Ember oppa there because once you clear no you can always say that I read these books okay you know you have to also showcase that you have worked
Hard and all of that so do that for that remember these names so that you can also tell when you’re giving TV interviews and all like read these books you can’t say that I went to class didn’t do anything just write search note I cleared they’ll say oh what is
This not an intelligent person so they’ll judge you so make sure you have all these like everybody tells Ember and Ember you also tell Ember and Ember I read page to page tell that for that it’s useful okay then Indian anthropology okay Nadi Muslim and all of that physical peanut this biological
Anthropology uh what I have written okay so these are the books last one warnings before you start anthropology please do not read guide books okay so there are lot of guide books written by experts Toppers Etc they are not good okay so please don’t see it is easy because it’s very simple
You feel comfortable but is it good from the exam no those who are planning for three four years like your seniors who are staying here for three four years they can’t study difficult books it gives them you know a lot of mental trauma realizing that it is difficult but these
Guide books are very simple and has only limited number of topics which are easy only in the first place so reading that gives you lot of comfort but exam is competitive it does not help do not complicate your preparation keep it very simple strategy system okay then do not get obsessed with case
Studies remember what you can use in the exam not everything I’ll give you a lot of options but don’t have to remember everything remember what is necessary from the exam point of view and how do you realize that by tests when you write test you will know okay this I should remember
And stop holding information not only in anthropology even in Gs as soon as you finish class and you walk and you see in Xerox shops they’ll be selling all different books I know even I have been trapped of that sorry it’s attractive you want to collect all of
That book because you never know that might be the question that is asked will be there in that book your friend will say this is very good like magazine only four magazines you will have in your room yes or no you would have gone to some Book Stall this is good your friend
Would have said this is good Institute I said this is good I’ll tell you this is good all four you will keep it not be able to read it neither revise it so don’t hold information there’s so much information available today especially in this age of Technology you
Google you will find hundreds of information on one topic trying to remember everything to make your answer very beautiful doesn’t work information has a bell curve you know when you if you if you look at the graph okay so this is the uh you know performance and this is the information
When you don’t have any information your performance is going to be low this is the information the amount of information you have and this is your performance when you don’t have any information your performances zero Matlab you are not able to write any answer as your information increases your performance will increase
Up to a point then you collect more information the performance goes down because you can’t process the information too much information when the question is asked like what is happening I am not able to recollect it this is what happens in government also this is what the government does in the name of
Transparency they give all the information you know you ask for Goa RTI and apply say that give me this information they’ll give you 1000 pages per document do whatever you want thousand Pages you will not be able to read it you will Okay so because the processing of information becomes
Difficult when more information is there so this you have to attain this is what I am going to help you the right information which is necessary which you can remember more information you can’t remember you can’t process it therefore you can’t write good answers okay so don’t hold in for me this is
Absolutely important please keep this in mind don’t read guidebooks don’t complicate your preparation don’t get obsessed okay with case studies you might have seen senior style case studies case studies array you have to know what to write and information holding so that’s all for this orientation class
I hope you have morning eight o’clock I hope it was not too hectic for you guys to begin with all right so if there is any questions I would be happy to answer them yes please yes all the options yes but the question pattern might be little bit different
Not too sure of other options weekdays so we’ll have classes on the weekdays weekend Saturday Sundays we won’t have you can take a break I’ll also have to take a break because life is beautiful we need to you know we need to also enjoy so if I am
Taking a break I’ll be more energized on Monday to give you a beautiful class same thing Saturday Sunday you take it to revise the topics that we have done we’ll see I’ll give you questions you write them take time to revise it’s not like we have to hurry it up
We have time okay we do it so that it makes there should be an output outcome of from this not that I finished syllabus I have given you notes my job is over that’s not how it works so we need to make sure that at the end the
Result should be the best so taking breaks Saturday Sunday will help you to energize yourself and be more motivated yes anything else other classes will be I think in the mornings and it will be on the weekdays each class will be for two and a half hours
There will be workbooks there will be given to you one textbook that I have shown you that you have to buy handouts will be given to you workbooks will be given to you uh notes will be given to you dictated notes beginning will be giving you lot of dictations
Those notes you’ll have to write five set of books you will be keeping it okay about 100 pages each so that will be your approach anyways those things when we start the first class I will tell you uh each so uh maybe before we meet in
The next class you can either write in sheets and later you can spiral it you can also keep a spiral that’s one way of doing it or you can use technology meaning you can buy a tab and you can write in that so pictures Etc you can
Add into it it’s a good one if you can afford you can buy a tab otherwise you can write in notes so I would say sheet of papers and at the end you can spiral it into one one section kill a one book that’s what you can do so sheet of paper
You keep it go back home file it so that it doesn’t get lost so you can go on filing at the end you can spiral it that’s one approach otherwise spiral bound books only you can buy it and you can start writing that’s some and unruled obviously without saying unrul
Because the exam also will be having unruled sheet so otherwise your sentences will take off take down and things like that so you get used to it so that’s how we will go in the class so two and a half hours classes with dictation and all of that for about 100
Plus plus or minus depends on you is that okay guys so you started with GS how long back one month back so still fresh to upsc don’t worry so as I tell you we will we will make sure that you are highly motivated so I I strongly believe in that
Even when you clear you have to clear happily even if you don’t clear you should not clear happily if you are an unhappy person who cleared the exam the society will be at loss an unhappy IAS officer is a curse to the society you have lot of stress and then you
Clear your exam and you become an unhappy IAS officer you are going to be bound to be unethical you’re bound to be corrupt that’s what is the problem in today’s society people in power are corrupt why are they corrupt they are unhappy and they find a solace in being corrupt
If you are a happy person a real life what money let me do service if you are happy you will be motivated to do the service that’s my objective you have to clear being happy and if you don’t care also if you are happy you will achieve
Much more success than the NIS officers OK because when you come out being happy you will be having so much of experience and energy you can achieve anything in life because not nothing is a limit IAS officers have a lot of limitations they can’t do lot of things legally okay
So unlike that you can openly make money you can openly spend that money you can openly travel the world unlike that so be happy to clear also be happy if you don’t clear also so that’s the idea if you are an unhappy person who is in the office I’m telling you
That’s the biggest curse our society gets and today these days competition is so much people focus only on the results without focusing that’s why everybody comes they take money from the beginning they sell their results to institutions because they are unhappy doing it right so those things should not happen
With you guys you should be happy coming out of this whole exercise is that okay so with that I will end today’s session okay uh so I hope it was informative okay I’ll see you on the 11th okay thank you so much have a good day thank you
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