Okay hello everyone welcome to lookman is today we are going to have the Hindu newspaper analysis dated our 13th of September 2023. in today’s newspaper analysis we are going to cover many topics that are important for the upsc mains and prelims exam so let us quickly see those articles that are important
For the day so these are the list of articles that we have selected from the Hindu newspaper and apart from this we are going to cover these additional topics okay so let us start the discussion with the first topic so this is topic number one it says climate phenomena and food
Security so this topic has relevance for GS paper three this topic is important for GS paper 3 of the means exam this is also important for the prelims exam okay this is also important for the prelims exam so in this through this article we will understand about some concepts
Related to environment and ecology some concepts related to geography and we are also going to understand some Concepts from the Indian economy point of view okay so it says climate phenomenon food security so let us start understanding this topic name of the topic is climate phenomena and
Food security okay name of the topic is climate phenomena and food security so let us start understanding this topic so good evening chirag so you have joined now so this is the first topic that we are going to understand so in this article they have talked about all
Those factors that affect monsoons in India okay so factors that affect what monsoons in India monsoon in India so when we talk about Monsoon so we are necessarily referring to the rainfall patterns in India okay so we are referring to rainfall pattern in various part A Part in India
So now let us understand about what are the factors that affect the monsoon in India one of the factor is known as El Nino okay one of the factor is El Nino so what is ldino El Nino is a natural climatic phenomena okay El Nino is a natural plyometric phenomena
Okay El Nino is a natural climatic phenomena so how does El Nino occur what it is exactly are there any relevant terms related to El Nino so there is an opposite term to El Nino which is known as lanina okay there is an opposite term
Which is known as lanina so la nina is also a natural climatic phenomena so what do we mean by El Nino what do we mean by lanina we are going to understand about it so basically if I draw the map of the globe let’s say
This is the globe right if I talk about the globe so this is the let’s say Like You Know sample map of globe so in this sample map what we have like we have many continents so this globe has continents and it has oceans okay it has oceans so oceans are water bodies
Oceans are water bodies and continents are land masses okay they are land masses so basically there are many oceans and those all those oceans are interlinked with one another it means any change that occurs in one of the ocean affects other oceans also affects other regions
Of the world so one of the ocean is known as Pacific Ocean okay one of the ocean is Pacific Ocean okay so let’s discuss about this thing let’s say this is the middle line that divides the earth into two major parts okay the northern part is known as Northern Hemisphere and this southern
Part is known as Southern Hemisphere okay so this Pacific Ocean lies somewhere here let’s say like you know Pacific Ocean lies somewhere here and some portion of it is because it is rounded okay like that so this line which divides the globe into two parts Northern Hemisphere and southern
Hemisphere this is known as equator okay it is known as equator means it is zero degree line it divides the earth into let’s say like you know measure two halves so this is known as equatorial line okay it is equatorial line so whenever there is any change in the C
Surface temperature okay so when the sea surface temperature of the equatorial of the equatorial Pacific Ocean okay of these equatorial Pacific Ocean increases okay when we see surface temperature of Equatorial Pacific Ocean increases what happens it leads to right it leads to change in rainfall patterns
In elsewhere in other parts of the world it does impact India also okay it does impact India also okay so that’s the thing so when we talk about El Nino this El Nino is connected with changing of sea surface temperature over the Pacific Ocean when these sea surface
Temperature increases right it leads to right some phenomena of varied rainfall patterns in different parts of the world it does affect India also okay it does affect India also and how it affects India so whenever we have El Nino phenomena right whenever we have El Nino
So how India is affected so in India we see let’s say like you know some of the changes right so I’m going to write about that also just give me a minute okay so let’s see let’s say there is El Nino El Nino means increase in the C surface
Temperature on the Eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean it will lead to Drought conditions in India okay it will lead to Broad conditions in India drought conditions in India what do we mean by this so whenever El Nino happens we will receive lesser rainfall okay we will receive lesser rainfall OK we will receive lesser
Rainfall on the surface of ah let’s say like you know on India in Indian subcontinent so we are going to receive lesser rainfall and how frequently does El Nino phenomena happens it happens from in a period of two to seven years okay it’s not 27 it is two to seven
Years okay either it happens every two year or four year five year up to seven years means like it repeats okay this is El Dino so now the month of August has been one of the driest months it had let’s say like you know highest temperature in India and this is
Attributed to El Nino phenomena okay this is attributed to El Nino phenomena so in this article they have discussed about that El Nino right El Nino like the effect of El Nino on Indian monsoons they have also mentioned about El Nino Southern oscillation okay so what do we
Mean by El Nino Southern oscillation and so for that we need to understand about La Nina okay so there is another climatic term which is known as La Nina okay or La Nina in short so lanina is also associated with change in the sea surface temperature so whenever the sea surface temperature
Of the equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean okay of the equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean right of the equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean whenever the sea surface temperature of the equatorial Eastern Pacific Ocean decreases okay decreases it results into La Nina okay it results into lanina and what is impact of lanina on India
So what we see in India we see high rainfall okay we see High rainfall okay in India High rainfall means increased incidence of monsoon in India so we see more Plantation during la nina event so El Nino and La Nina they are associated with the same ocean which is
Eastern like you know the Pacific Ocean whenever the temperature increases or decreases in the Eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean so El Nino La Nina event happens El Nino is associated in with increase in the temperature lanina is associated with the decrease in the sea surface temperature So La Nina has
Opposite effect on India as compared to El Nino so both of them when we combine together they are known as El Nino Southern oscillation in short it is known as enso okay it is known as El Nino Southern oscillation that’s the thing so in this article they have
Discussed about that like you know how ah the let us say rainfall pattern in India varies so one other factor that they have discussed is uh like you know one other factor that they have discussed in the in this article is Indian Ocean dipole okay they have also discussed about
The Indian Ocean dipole so positive face of the Indian Ocean dipole can balance the El Nino phenomena in India so now they say that like you know in India like in this article they have discussed about two types of water ok so they have also discussed about different types of water okay types
Of water types of water that are used for irrigation purposes one of the type of water that they have discussed is green water okay they have discussed green water other type of water they have discussed is Blue Water okay so what do we mean by green water so whenever rainfall happens right
When it directly let’s say like you know touches the surface of the Paddy touches the surface of the ah let’s say like you know crops ok so rainfall water OK rainfall like water that we receive from rainfall that let’s say you know touches the crops directly so these water is categorized as green
Water in this article apart from this the water that we receive from Rivers okay the water that we receive from reverse or ground water or groundwater Etc they have been categorized as Blue Water both the type of waters are used for irrigation purposes OK they are used for
Irrigation purposes OK they are used for irrigation purposes so that’s the thing okay both of both the types of water are used for irrigation purposes that’s the thing in this article they have mentioned and they say that food security is necessarily associated with the type of rainfall with the amount of rainfall
That we receive if we have more rainfall okay if we have more rainfall OK if we have more rainfall it leads to increased okay increased crop productivity okay increased crop productivity so when we have increased crop productivity what will happen we will be able to meet our food security demands
Okay and if we have less rainfall okay if we have less rainfall we will be having decreased okay we will be having decreased crop productivity okay we will be having decreased Crop Production so this will create problems for yeah it says we the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India
Into our right into our let’s say like you know then it talks about the nature of the states okay it talks about then it also talks about that there are some ideas that we want to achieve what are those ideals that we want to achieve we want
To achieve let’s say like you know Liberty equality and fraternity so these ideas have been enshrined in the constitution of India in the nature of in the Preamble itself so now let us understand what do we mean by fraternity Fraternity in simple words means Brotherhood okay it means Brotherhood fraternity means Brotherhood
However in this article they have discussed about that how the concept of fraternity is different right in India which is actually practiced and how it is related right how it is related with the fraternity which is mentioned in the constitution of India okay so let’s understand about this
Okay so let’s understand about the concept of fraternity here so as we already discussed that fraternity means Brotherhood okay it means Brotherhood Brotherhood means a kind of let’s say belongingness with our neighbor or fellow citizens okay means a kind of family familial relationship means like you know we maintain uh let’s say
Harmonious relationship with our let’s say fellow citizens so that’s the concept of fraternity however like in India in actual practice what is happening in India let’s say like you know the Indian Society if we talk about right if we talk about Indian Society so this Indian Society is divided
Let’s say like you know through castes then we have religions different religions and all although we talk about unity and diversity so unity in diversity is a kind of let’s say uh like this is the kind of notion that the constitution of India wants to propound means like you
Know we want to uh like have Unity among diversity however what happens like you know in India we do have caste based reservations okay we have cast based preservation ok so we have cast based reservation so this cast-based reservation actually let’s say like you know prolongs the idea of higher KL
Differences in the cast so if I talk about Hindus right among Hindus like you know we see that this Society is divided into different caste groups for example we have brahmins okay we have one of the cast is brahmins and various sects under brahmins so they were historically considered to be the
Upper class in the Indian Society then we have let’s say shatriyas okay we have shatriyas then we have let’s say vashyas and we have shudras means like the Indian Society was historically divided into four different caste brahmins shatriya shatriyas means the warrior class then we had vaishyas vashyas means
Business class then we have shudras sudras means lower class who were servicing right the Brahman shatriyas and vaishyas okay so they were indulgent into the activity of cleaning and other activities so Indian Society has historically been divided into different cars however in this article they have
Talked about that like you know if you want to have Fraternity in India practicing Fraternity in India so for that like you know we need to let us say like you know we need to let’s say dim the differences between these different classes in this Society or different
Caste in this Society okay so that’s the thing so in this article they have talked about that like you know in India we have let’s say like you know there is a notion of majority and minority okay majority and minority so majorities are those people let’s say like you know from dominant Hindu
Religion then minority constitutes many other religion that includes let’s say uh people who follow Islam and people who follow Sikhism okay people who follow Sikhism then people who follow Christianity okay Christianity people who follow Jainism than people who follow Buddhism so basically like these people who belong to other
Religious let’s say minorities so they are not treated the way they should be treated I mean like according to the Constitution of India so in real practice in Indian Society there lies the differences like you know notion of difference between the majority and minority and also between majorities
Also between Hindus also there is let’s say division in caste and all so how this notion of Brotherhood right is different in practice and in in the constitution of India so the author gives the examples of many uh let’s say like you know many philosophers so one
Of the philosopher is Plateau okay so in this article they have given the example of let’s say Plateau Aristotle and like what they have written during their time about Brotherhood and in this article they have also mentioned about the French notion French idea of Brotherhood French idea of fraternity so the thing
Is idea of fraternity has has been an elusive concept since ancient times so like you know Plato has written Plato has written something which is known as lysis l y s i s okay Plateau has written lysis so in the lysis he has talked about okay the philosopher
Invokes the word philia okay he he says he talks about philia p h i l i a pelia means love okay he talks about pilia which means love so they for the strong desire to pursue wisdom and that is the love and friendship with others become more meaningful through the
Sharing of knowledge okay so so he say that like you know so like you know Ophelia is the pursuit of wisdom and we can pursue wisdom if we share our knowledge right if we share our knowledge okay so so he says if we share the knowledge so we will be acquiring
Wisdom and wisdom acquiring wisdom means like you know we have a feeling philia means the let’s say like tendency to love right are fellow citizens okay so the emphasis is on share which gives us and uh gives us clearly idea on discourse of Fraternity in ancient Greece ok so Plato has talked
About leases leases like you know so leases is a kind of let’s say we can consider it to be a book where he has talked about philia philia means love and love for wisdom love for gay gaining knowledge and how you can gain knowledge so Plato says you can gain knowledge by
Discourse by sharing your ideas and accepting ideas from the other person okay that’s the thing and apart from this in this article they have also discussed about Aristotle okay we have talked about Aristotle so so so the Thinker Aristotle so we see the emergence of police ok so Aristotle says
That like you know there was an emergence of police so what is police police is a concept OK police is a concept where Aristotle says that the logical location of a man who remains first and foremost a political being and hence is a part of police and not of the wild Okay police
Means a person let’s say like who who is dominantly part of the polity and who remains in police so that’s why he is he is not a part of wild okay that’s the thing so there also we understand the concept of fraternity right and also during the French Revolution okay French Revolution
That has happened so fra so some of the motors of the French Revolution was Liberty equality and fraternity okay some of the motors were Liberty equality and fraternity so the thing is like we see the concept of Fraternity in ancient times also during Plato’s time during as is total
Time and and also in the French Revolution that has happened okay so France Revolution also we see this thing and also the idea of Fraternity in America so like there there was a let’s say like you know author who has written about the idea of Fraternity in America
And also John Rawls has stressed on the same principle in his theory of Justice okay so there is a book which is written by John rowell’s okay John Rawls so that is known as Theory of Justice okay theory of Justice so this theory of justice has been written by John rowells
He also talks about fraternity okay concept of fraternity so that’s the thing so in this article they have talked about that how the idea of fraternity has grown or has got meaning over the years and how this idea of Fraternity in the constitution of India has varying meaning with the actual
Practice that is there in the Indian Society okay so that’s the thing that’s that’s what is mentioned in this article so with this like we will move to the next topic quickly so second topic was really really good now it says this topic says drop the bad idea of simultaneous
Elections okay so this topic is again very important will be quick to understand this topic name of the topic is so it says drop the bad idea okay drop the bad idea of simultaneous elections of simultaneous elections so let’s understand about this topic quickly drop the bad idea of simultaneous selection
So what is the context of this topic why this article has been written this article has been written in the light of the movement of one nation one election okay movement of one nation one election so the thing is presently the central government of India right the central government
Is pushing towards one nation one election and for that it has constituted a committee okay it has constituted a committee that committee will be headed by former president of India Mr ramnath kovins okay ramnath who wins so this committee is headed by ramnath kovind and he will look into
The aspect whether we can conduct simultaneous election in India or not one nation one election means conducting election simultaneously for the central government okay so it means simultaneous elections okay simultaneous elections four central government and also for the state government okay for the state government so this is
The idea of War Nation one election why the author is opposing this idea author says drop the bad idea of simultaneous election so author says that it is a bad idea by highlighting few Concepts first of all let us understand why the government of India wants to come up with okay one
Nation one election let’s say one nation one election I am in short writing o One Nation one election what are the what are the rational or like what is the concept that why they are let’s say pushing forward the one nation one election concept one of the rational
They say like it will reduce the expenditure okay it will reduce the election expenditure okay election expenditure second it says it will allow the elected governments to focus more on governance okay to focus it will allow the elected government to focus more on governance how it is going to reduce the election
Expenditure generally what happens in India like we have Lok Sabha election which is also known as general election so which is conducted once every five years and after then for every state we have let’s say State Legislative Assembly elections okay we have State Legislative Assembly elections that are
Conducted so around the year one like somewhere in India election keeps on happening since election keeps on happening because of recurring elections so there is huge expenditure okay so there is huge expenditure so that’s why the government says if we conduct this State Legislative elections and the central government elections together so
In that case we will be able to reduce the expenditure second government says that like you know if we have lesser frequency of Elections so once a party gets elected so they will be able to focus more on governance they will be able to focus more on delivering the
Promises that they made during election time to the voters okay so this is the rationale with which the central government has come up with this idea of one nation one election now how this author refutes okay how this author refutes these rationals refutes means how he nullifies these rational so one
Of the way it says that like you know if we conduct simultaneous election so that will be a very very humongous task okay so it’s going to be a simultaneous election will be a very humongous task means the election commission of India does not have the proper resources to conduct simultaneous election together
Why because like we have more than okay we have more than 1.4 billion people means we have more than 140 crore people in India and for all of them conducting simultaneous election together will be our next to impossible task to achieve okay so that’s the thing one idea he
Says is this thing second that the author says that if we reduce if you want to reduce the election expenditure if we conduct simultaneous election it is going to reduce the election expenditure by a minuscule amount okay by a minuscule amount means like you know the reduction in expenditure will
Not be very big it will not be big enough okay so this is one way how he refused the first idea second the author says that let’s say like you know author says that there are problems related to this what are the problems let’s say like you know simultaneous simultaneous election we
Have conducted right for the central government and for different state governments what happens whenever the Constitutional Machinery right let’s say like you know the state government cannot be run as per the Constitutional Machinery so in that case what happens the government applies article 356 article 356 means president’s rule is
Applied okay precedence rule is applied so when President’s rule is applied in a state in that case that the governance of that state comes in the hand of the central government okay so let’s consider that like you know election has happened once in five years what happens
After six months of the election if one of the State Legislative Assembly let’s say like it dissolves or let us say precedent rule is imposed in that state so will that state be in a suspended animation will that state be ruled through the president’s rule for the
Remaining tenure of four and half year if it is so so it will lead to centralization it will lead to a tendency of it will lead to a tendency of centralization ok centralization means like you know in that case the central government will try to let’s say dissolve one or other State Legislative
Assemblies they will try to impose precedence Rule and that will lead to more centralization so it’s going to affect the Democracy of India the kind of federal structure that we have its going to affect that one also okay so author gives one this particular point for example if we talk about the federal
Structure in India so like India is considered to be a vibrant democracy so we are the largest democracy in the world so this largest democracy is not only for the union government okay is not only for the union government it is also for the state governments
Also okay it is for the this democracy sport state government also the way the union government gets elected similarly the state governments also get elected so they do have some relationship okay they do have some relationship with the let’s say like you know with the Federal structure that we have so
The thing is like India is not only uh only run by the union government it is also run by the state governments and because of this particular thing so we do have the federal structure so democracy is at the level of the central government democracies at the level of
State governments also so the thing is like if we want to safeguard this Democratic structure right where state governments are themselves elected by the people and the state governments are responsible for the let’s say towards the people okay they are responsible towards the people so to maintain this
This kind of let’s say Federal structure in India we need to refute the idea of one nation one election this is what the author is saying in this article okay so this is the thing so I hope you might have understood about this particular thing and also the
Author says that it leads to more possibility of horse trading okay it leads to more possibility of horse trading possibility of horse trading okay or Trading what do we mean by horse Trading fast reading means it is associated with defection let us say like you know people give money to
Mlas MPS to join their party that has been the case in many many cases so like you know to stop horse trading we do have an act which is in place which is known as anti-diffection law okay we have anti-diffection law in place however even with anti-diffection law we
Are not able to stop fast trading the way that we wanted to stop okay so we were not able to stop horse trading the way we wanted to stop that’s the thing okay means even the judges I mean like the Supreme Court or other courts they
Were not able to stop the horse trading to happen Okay because I mean like you know so there are one or other loopholes that are being used by the political parties and there are issues of let’s say mass movement of people from one party to another so this anti-diffection
Law if we discuss in detail it will take lot of time okay so if let’s say like one particular person he’s from party a if after getting elected he joins party beam so it is considered that he has defected and this anti-diffection law allows the speaker of the State Legislative
Assembly or the speaker of the Lok Sabha or the let’s say chairman of the rajya Sabha to disqualify this person okay so for single or few people they can be disqualified however if there is mass movement if let’s say more than two-thirds of the people move from one party to another party
That is not that does not attract anti-diffection law okay that’s the thing okay so in this article they have talked about that like you know Mr Kapil sibil has also said that this will lead to more instances of force trading okay that’s the thing okay more people will
Start defecting from the party through which they got elected okay that’s the thing so with this we will move to another topic quickly this topic says spotlighting another border point the Rogue Channel okay Rogue Channel so in this article they have talked about one particular Point water Point
Okay which is known as uh the harami Nala okay name of the place is harami foreign so where it is located it is located in the international boundary between India and Pakistan okay so it is located in between in the international boundary between India and Pakistan and it is nearby sir Creek
Channel okay sir Creek Channel okay sir Greek Channel that’s the thing so recently the home minister of India has visited this particular location they have identified the terrain in the haramina and they have identified that like you know we need to build some kind of structures nearby so that like you know our
Bordering forces our forces are able to safeguard that particular region well okay so after visiting the home minister of India has given approval to some kind of construction projects there in the Haram in Allah so in this article entire article they have referred to the meeting or let’s say visit of the home
Minister of India to that particular location okay so this particular location is is located between India and Pakistan International border okay this is haramina and they have discussed that from Pakistan people can easily move towards Haram in Allah but from India it is not possible because like you know
Because of the structure because of the terrain over there and this particular location is very famous also because like you know many fishermen also let us say come towards India while doing fishing activity in this particular location so this topic is important for GS paper 3 under internal security okay under internal security
Now we have another topic like chirag has written something two reasons cost saving and plus governance right so that was related to previous article now it says Needs A re-look okay so in this article they have let’s say like you know the spelling that they have written is wrong
Over here so recently the government of India has come up with right two bills one of those bills is known as bhartiya sahita okay in short it is BNS this once it is implemented it is going to what it is going to repeal the Indian
Penal Code okay so it is it is going to act as a replacement for Indian penal code and in this article this article has been written by a former or retired IPS officer okay so this retired IPS officer has looked into various aspects of the bhartia he has gone through the
Uh this particular bill which has been introduced by the government in the parliament after going through the bill he has observed various things related to let’s say like he has observed various things related to the definition of terrorism okay he has also looked into the issue
How right how let’s say like you know uh like other offenses are looked into so he has gone through many things in the bhartanya sahita and he has said that although there are number of sections like the number of sections in the bharti Nya sahita has been reduced because various sections have been
Clubbed together right and they have let’s say eliminated some redundant things they have come up with let’s say newer definition of some of the like you know new crimes that are happening that were earlier dealt you know differently and the author has also talked about section 69 okay section 69
That deals with let’s say like you know uh like this disciple means okay uh decideful means that are used by people for let’s say like you know uh to commit for marriage right means like you know so in this article they have mentioned about so many things and also the author
Says that the definition of cyber crimes right that they have mentioned it is vague okay many definitions are vague so the thing is the author finally suggests that we need to relook there should be more deliberation that should happen and after the deliberation so the author says
Will have a far-reaching impact on the criminal justice system it needs further deliberations the parliament is standing committee must ensure that inconsistencies are checked vague expressions are removed and appropriate explanations are added and also drafting errors must be eliminated so these are the suggestions that the author has
Given and the author has also talked about that like you know they have mentioned what constitutes terrorism and for that they have taken let’s say definition from some of the acts that are already in place one one of the actors unlawful activities prevention act which is in short known
As uapa then we have Maharashtra control of organized Crimes Act 1999. in this article they have discussed about what do we mean by organized crime they have talked about let’s say chain snatching has also been made a offense right and chain is snatching has been made a non-vellable offense also okay like this
Non-cognizable offense okay they have made so in this article the author has talked about various provisions of the bhartanya Sanita and he has said that it needs to be okay it needs to be relooked it needs to be deliberated upon more right before let’s say like you know
Bringing it into practice okay before it gets passed in the parliament so with this like we have another topic it says no filter prior approval requirement for initiating corruption props is not desirable now this article has been written in the context of the Central Bureau of Investigation okay Central Bureau of
Investigation the Central Bureau of Investigation draws its power from an act which is in place which is known as this particular Act is known as the Delhi special police establishment act okay it is known as Delhi special police establishment Act okay so CBI Central Bureau of Investigation draws its power from Delhi
Special police establishment act and one of the section in this particular Act is section 6 a okay section 6A so in this article they have talked about section 6A what is section 6A so they say that like you know section 6 6A talks about that before initiating any kind of inquiry of
Corruption against government officials who are above the rank of joint secretary okay so those people who are above the rank of joint secretary to the government of India right to the government of India so before initiating any kind of investigation against those officers who are above the rank of
Joint secretary they need prior approval from the central government the CBI needs prior approval from the central government so this section 6A talks about this particular thing however Supreme Court of India has recently observed that like you know that CBI does not need CBI does not need uh this
Particular thing I mean like you know they can look into right they can look into let’s say uh corruption related charges prior to the date which is mentioned in section 6A so they have mentioned that before 2014 if they want to look into any kind of let’s say like
You know any kind of corruption charges they need to let’s say like you know take the prior approval of the central government recently Supreme Court of India has said that this is not needed otherwise let’s say like corruption activities will go unpunished they will go on let’s say investigated okay so
That’s the thing so in this article they have mentioned that prior approval is not necessary because like you know this organization the CBI can do its work without any uh let’s say like you know like any boundary any bounds related to section 6A okay means in this article
They have mentioned many things they have also discussed about prevention of corruption act okay so they have discussed that uh in 2018 when the prevention of corruption Act was amended section 17 a was introduced to make the government’s previous approval a mandatory requirement before any probe can begin into decisions or recommendations made
By the public servant okay so this particular like Supreme Court is hearing a case related to this uh like you know CBI related issues it has not yet given a judgment on this it is hearing the case so that’s why this article came okay like on Sunday also a similar
Article came from the same topic now we have another topic quickly chirag has written that it was related to the weakness and omission and errors which have been uh there in the bail and all of them needs to be deliberated and taken care of ok so that is related to
Bharate I think so he has mentioned now we have another topic it says analyzing where India stands in the G20 okay so this topic is important we have recently held the presidency of G20 and we have conducted G20 Summit okay we have conducted G20 Summit in Delhi right when
In September 9 and 10th September so during the G20 Summit we have let’s say like you know released many declarations one of the Declaration is New Delhi leaders declaration and in this article they say that like you know the theme of the G20 was one Earth one family one
Future okay means vasudeva potambakam means the entire Earth is one family okay so they have also deliberated upon food security climate change energy development Healthcare digitization and these things were deliberated upon okay and after this like you know we have transferred the presidency to Brazil ok
So India has wrapped up the G20 Summit successfully and we have transferred it to the Brazil now here like you know in this article they have mentioned about all those countries that are members of G20 so here those countries name is mentioned in this article so it is to be
Noted it is to be listed by you okay remember the name of these countries they include India Australia China Indonesia Japan South Korea France Germany Italy Russia turkey United Kingdom the European Union and Argentina Brazil Mexico Canada United States South Africa and Saudi Arabia so they are the
Members of group of 20 they are the members of G20 and we have also invited African Union to be member of g20a so once African Union joins formerly then G20 will be enlarged okay so it name its name may be changed also in this article they have given let’s say various data
Points various Maps Okay one of the data points says the chart Compares G GDP per capita of 19 regions okay GDP per capita then second chart compares the human development index of 19 countries between 1990 and 2021 chart 3 Compares labor force participation rate in 20 regions between 1990 and 2021-22
Chart Force compares the share of women in the parliament okay means like you know women number of women people women in the parliament in these countries so like you know these data are given in your free time you can go through it to understand more on this okay
So with this let us move to the next topic quickly we have another topic it says Supreme Court refers pliya against sedition law to a constitution bench okay so the Supreme Court of India has transferred a case to the Constitution bench okay so what is Constitution bench the Constitution bans comprises of okay
Constitution bench of the Supreme Court of India comprises of pipe senior most judges or five judges of the Supreme Court of India okay so any decision that is taken by five bench judge is known as constitutional bench judgment and these judgment are more authoritative okay these judgments are
More authoritative of the Supreme Court of India that’s the thing so what is sedition so in this articles it says Supreme Court refers player against Edition law to uh Constitution bench so like we have Indian penal code 1860. so in the Indian Penal Code this section 124 a okay section 124 a
Talks about sedition okay talks about sedition so what is addition let us understand is and offense against the state somebody who commits any crime against the state means against Union of India not against the government which is in place OK not against the government it is against the union of India okay there
Are some offenses for example offenses related to espionage there are many different classes of offenses under sedition so like what has happened in the past many years this Edition law has been let’s say like misused right or has been used with ill uh let’s say ill let’s say intentions against citizens right so
These sedition law this Edition law gives one of the most uh let’s say like genius or or like it gives highest amount of punishment to a person so this sedition law should not be used let’s say in in let’s say Petty cases against people however this addition uh sedition
Charges have been applied on journalists they have been applied on lay citizens who have criticized the government for one or other move okay that’s the thing so that’s why people have challenged the legality of sedition in the country like you know legality of sedition in the Supreme Court of India so that challenge
The Supreme Court Branch has referred to the Constitutional bench to the five judge bench and the Constitutional bench will look into this matter they will come up with a judgment and that judgment will be considered one of the most authoritative judgment OK related to this so in this article they have
Just mentioned this particular thing now we came to another topic quickly this topic is important it says Russian companies set to seize offering discounts on fertilizer supplies to India okay so India is involved in the business of Import and Export of various kind of goods and commodities including fertilizers okay so we have
Been importing fertilizer from Russia also from Russian companies and one of the fertilizer that we import is DAP that is known as diamonium phosphate okay so that’s the thing earlier Russian companies were offering let’s say like you know discounts Russian companies were offering discounts on di ammonium phosphate related fertilizers what is
Fertilizer fertilizers are those components that farmers use in their field in their let’s say Field Four ah let us say increasing the productivity of the crop for for getting more production from the crop that’s the thing so Russian companies have recently taken a decision that they are going to let’s say like C
Is they are going to stop giving discounts on fertilizers that they are exporting to India one of the fertilizer is dye ammonium phosphate then we have other NPK fertilizer which is nitrogen phosphorus and calcium oh sorry like ah nitrogen phosphorus and like you know this is K is another ah component which
Is used okay dap urea and NPK fertilizers so these are different types of fertilizers that we import so that’s the thing so in this article they have mentioned little bit about this so you can learn about it in your free time then one more article it says retail inflation sees food prices
Is still bite okay retail inflation has gone down however the price of food is still up so that is biting the consumers ok so in this article they have mentioned little bit related to this they have discussed about Consumer Price Index also okay so like you can go
Through this article in your free time so with this uh like you know I’ll be uh like stopping our discussion for the day so that’s all from my side for the day thank you so much everyone for attending today’s session I hope you have a good day ahead thank you
And thank you so much chirag for joining the discussion chirag has mentioned Supreme Court struck down 6A and now CBI can conduct investigation in the cases not just for prospective Dimension but also for retrospective Dimension yes that’s right okay thank you so much
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