Teacher and the first uh panel this afternoon focused on peace on on the idea of Peace as a as a as a as a kind of problematic Legacy to be examined whereas this panel focuses on friendship so Mira and being the two kind of operative words here uh and
Um certainly friendship uh the ideology of friendship is employed very uh very often and very heavily uh in Soviet International kind of geopolitics the Soviet geopolitical domination and this ideology of Dr continues to be used and abused and employed uh today by the Russian war machine in Ukraine and
Elsewhere so the question is the the questions that we want to answer with this panel are refer to this idea of friendship Is Friendship dead this idea of friendship and replace it with something else or or resist or something to be uh to be taken from it
So uh I’ll introduce uh well I’ll introduce the the bios of each speaker uh when when they speak but we have with us um Ed Holford Paulina bites him and uh Tina Tina is first to speak the co-founder of the typical architecture so I’m the first one um
Yeah maybe I will just sit and present like this uh thank you so much for the introduction to the panel and um also introducing the panelists um I will be really really short um I would really just like to make some input and just show very like three images of
Friendship monuments in Georgia to open up the topic in the panel um and I just want to mention also like how we started working on this joint panel which consists of uh two sections first section uh that was before and now the last one so me
Um Mikhail and Elena have uh kind of curated and created this discussion um for me personally I’m also kind of following you and saying like from my individual perspective and how I was influenced like more and I was really this was really the time when I started rethinking everything and
When I started also thinking in terms of architecture how connected it was and how important it was to start talking about dental organizing and especially in a small country Georgia where we are right now where we’ve been always on a survival yeah with having a huge brother ears
So um this is what I would like to highlight and really show just your images um and open up this research and question to everyone and so when I started to look up some information about the French requirements and this modified is what he really knows that it was
Visiting Georgia it’s located on the Military Road which is currently the only road which goes to Russia and and which was packed a few weeks ago or two weeks ago with the Russians playing from the immobilization and it’s the architect of this Monument is also an architect of a very famous
Building in University and and I realized that when I started to research I found out that these two monuments that I will show today they connected with Russian Georgian Prince building the year when I was born so the 1983 marked 200 years of York’s kids about this agreement that took place in 1783
North caucuses between Georgia and Kingdom and Russian Empire basically since then Russian Empire started like we kind of influencing and George’s sister exist as an independent entity and so this is like one of The Monuments that still exists and maybe you can show another images yeah it’s also like shows a very
Beautiful scenery from there and it’s their Mosaic is also very very beautiful showing some images of fairy tales from Georgia and Russian side and another monuments uh um is a monument that can you go to another and this is a monument that was also built in 1983
And a sculpture of this Monument is sort of territory that was also mentioned today several times and many people know also this Russian Georgia sculptures this culture who has erected a lot of sculptures and monuments in Soviet Union and also our tours and this is a so-called yeah it’s a problem of language
Which had to also Mark this friendship that can never fallen apart Russia and Georgia and this picture is in Moscow and the one the other part like as a monument was created in Georgia which was destroyed by the first president of Georgia in 1991 actually by Um so this is the remaining one So I think I would like to stop here to open uh this topic and uh we discuss about it after presentations so thank you so much I was able to structures now like as extraordinary when you mentioned the recurs community treaty um Friendship writers are building the incorporation in Russia although Georgia into Russia the Imperial Corporation and I was struck this previous week on a trip to music to see the cookies Russian friendship lawyers which were directed on the Centenary of the as as they say on the on the elections voluntary incorporation of communities
Into into a the Russian Empire of course of course especially because without the voluntary incorporation which was replied in Imperial Conquest but the continuities between the Australian Empire and particularly um playing to see in contact Etc so this this very short talk looks at amputate amputations at this moment and
Mutations of uh postal ideologies and Aesthetics of um I I focus on two case studies that started with the Palace of culture and Science and Warsaw from 1955 and discarded in 1992 and I also mentioned briefly the recently dismantle going into Russian uh and I asked
Intend to pose the questions what is to be done with these practices ideologies and Aesthetics and friendship and adjacent ones of fraternity inherited Community past can the geopolitics of friendship be de-rustified and decolonized what kinds of decapitations and other or other kinds of amputations or removals need to be engineered in
Order to create an anti-fascist form of friendship for a post-russian future and the urgency of this topic and I suppose the importance of talking about problematizing this idea of friendship and Associated ideas of fraternity was was highlighted in what we’ve also yesterday or the day before with the global prize communities announcement of
The during the global price Peace Prize which means similarities together with Memorial enough in their uh all of all of whom were very deserving of the awards in their enjoying the announcement of this obvious George price the Nobel Prize committee themselves spoke to uh spoken languages of virtuality between two Nations so they
Kind of cosplayers in the announcement of the Christ So um friendship by sculpture opportunity used to stand in the entire School of the Palace of culture and started with skyscraper gifted by the USSR to Warsaw in 1955 there is one even completed in 1955 um Monument is a sensuously tinged Social Security sculpture of the poetry and Soviet worker with opportunity and
Threats which of course own ideology her own friendship for the Soviet Union the the warmth she felt for the Russian Embassy reunion I prefer polish presence and workers was genuine and heartfelt this is despite the fact that in her later work which is much very very internationally this was a co-work that
She made after she left over to the France I’ve learned in the late 1950s um this work was determined by her experience for grave illness bodily suffering and disintegration tuberculosis third and breast cancer was far removed in terms of feeling from her from her previous work returning to position his greatest work
From the from the start of this period however acknowledged the extent in which Nigeria political an ideological position was influenced by her jewishness and by her experience of Holocaust which I partially cause extensive correspondence their all-time partner he was in Aristocrat and despite oh perhaps because of his ideological
Reservations towards communism became a ground figure in the Irish communist album and was recently published by the Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw and amidst all of these letters the only strong statements on politics and the Soul mentioned on the Holocaust delivered together so these are letters set in between
As we speak of the new world and social transformation so if you guys can ask us to encourage us to come to to calm down and to stop being so sensitive and unability as she responds that that she responds to think about the difference between her and him Rising the fact that during
Um during your form two years over the last 10 years you do not go through that baptism of Despair um all of that um all of that what is that if you want to manage one of those times is that a trace has happened for me in the kitchens and the campus um
So she emphasizes that instead of nice culture and polite she she’s left only with including the feelings but I love the human truth and harvest so she emphasizes about her experiences of suffering and her experience of the horrible in a way determined that politics how to turn into her done artistic choices
I have to tell you about understanding I saw the character in a friendship between so following the four of the Polish People’s Republic in 1989 I’m supposed to get a sculpture that was sold for the price of scrap metal in 1992. his arms were hacked off in order to fit
It through the palace’s narrow doors no one could even be bothered to carry it took a good Legends at the rear of the building sculpture notoriously stood on the farm in mosul for decades several attempts to retrieve it in the 1990s and early 2000s being one successful a failed attempts
But also made to convince various Turkish Arts institutions to purchase the sculpture in the late 90s and by the time the institutions won today because in the 90s and early 2000s to start it was trash and by the time by the time they wanted it the openers have
Really noticed its family and I would not let it go photo opportunities reenactment Association of spreadsheet you can see these leaders are even wearing regular comfortable style pioneeratives um but eventually the event itself was also heard from the whole about seven years ago the artist sculpture would eventually
Put on Ocean and acquired by an anonymous buyer in 2019 through a set of the figures on about two weeks logic experience 600 000 US Dollars and the buyers have support will donate to get to the Museum of Modern Art impossible to default connection the sculpture is currently destined for
The lobby of the museum the Lobby of the museum which is the standard Square itself immediately adjacent to the Palace of culture so in the Lobby’s episode The the sculpture comes back it returns almost to its original site in the lobby of the museum ability then the cycle of expert relation and appropriation mirror the relationship
Between Palace and culture and the volatile shifting land property ratios Warsaw compassable Circle meeting The museum not in minutes and toys the palace and the sculpture remains amputated this process of uh shedding removal Um eviction the return is one of the core components of the name of the of the book that I’m currently empty at the Museum of Modern Arts new building which is titled art in the battle an amputated formula of friendship returns but the future of this idea that is always the
Person finished the book in the next few months but we were rather uncertain as to whether we would keep this name because the the future is very identical thoughts and what’s conspiration between Museum W became unsaturated following the full scale Russian individual upgrade and in February this year
Is it still possible or appropriate for this kind of traumatophilic or gesture in the words of the lake language art historian to be carried out and in fact to constitute the very core of the institutional ideology of uh the the trauma uh of um of the style in this past
Um and its various um uh excesses was already powerfully enough development before 2022 and today in the light of the story of Ukraine in a city co-populated by tens of thousands upon hundreds of thousands during the migrants many of these bodies and sensibilities have been scarred and
Dismantled by a war fought in the name of the quasaria internationalism a war fought in the name of the friendship the level of this trauma and and the level of diphtheria necessary to overcome or to appropriate it is is necessarily intensified increase in a quantifiable number of times nevertheless the curator
Recently confirmed to me that the friendship will end up in the in the lobby after all uh standing in the shadow of incredible artists rusted flag which was also a everything Uh uh in this culture the theater so positive statue is Miracle very accelerated in distinct form in case uh friendship Arch unveiled in 1982 an extraordinary example of made modelist abstract environmental public art you know that again a multi-part in the earth which was realistic sculptural composition and this sculpture apart
Dominated by a morning which Russian and Ukrainian friendship was removed in April 2022 a cognitive removal uh Italian referring to the language of Broadway nation in which many russianism insists still that I still have conversations with Russian friends who who started talking about let’s get out the right information
To to their position on recruit I wrote your brother I asked there are many differences between the two friendship modeling is the one who also in one cave and also a watermark is Polish and the other is an amorphous nationally non-specific circular figure in case one working is
Ukrainian the other worker is in Russia not even serve it an accidental amputations occurred during both acts of I apologize impovering with arms were removed for practical purposes the Russian worker as presidential election as an um so instead of a conclusion um of a kind of really disturbing and impressive artwork made forever
Made for a 2018 Exhibition at the North Korean Museum of architecture message of the day and events either very important things this work is a digitally reprinted watercolor painting representative heart an American designed Kremlin landscape part of the multimedia attraction opened in 2017 by an American Beauty on
The side of the demolished 1960s this work mocks the near socialist driest computer references produced by its American architect and Dennis Christopher’s the objects of the high level and the publicity photographs of greatly provoking heteronormative white families Associated by a Moscow male mayor which is PR2 Morph into missile silos the phallic Rockets which protrude from them are marked or familiar propaganda Australians to enzyme for friendship these slogans president not only of the name of the San Diego but also certainly a hero militarized pacifism and Brussels into nationalism have also been repeatedly provoked by Russian propaganda um
Appointment for 2018 is still the Civic obviously so um what then do ideologies fraternity and friendship meaning today how do they compare to ideas of friendship and kinship and better than other political economic constellations where the stage station is liberal capitalists or non-river of American Airlines radical potential today or must be
Condemned them to our fantastic deaths what could be the future shapes and Aesthetics of friendship fraternity Sisterhood and other forms of kitchen before unfortunately politicized kinship it’s like the following of the inevitable disintegration of personal fascist hypertensional alcoholic Spirit assist attorneys and enables so without answering any of these questions to
Myself I will give that tasks Sorry and um and I I think we’ll move on to your order that the program is printed so starting with that profitable um he was an anthropologist a lecturer in Chinese that he studied at the University of Manchester I’ve got to feel free to introducing the Ed so an anthropologist and lecture of
Journey studies at Manchester University his first book Miriam explores Russian Chinese connections across time through the countries share orders I mean he has written in fact that in popular Publications on Social Security office thank you very much I’m very glad that both attorneys and email us presentations have come first
Because the they have established the architectural benefits of this idea I’m not primarily or even secondarily I think a colleges of architecture so I’ll be talking more conceptually about friendship and especially from a context where these terms peace friendship and indeed the third truth progress to practice all of these are I
Think even more alive it’s been discussing about they are Soviet space and about being China so Yogi in Chinese friendship near peace or progress between whole Chinese all of them are totems of cross-torder relationships involving China so I’m going to be discussing uh drawn on fieldwork this is
A general guide of where I’m talking about the conductive long-term research over several years you know the town at the very center of this map come true which is in a Korean autonomous part of Northeast China and lies directly on the border of Russia that’s the southernmost part of
Ohio Dan south of Southwest and the town also lies directly on the North Korea foreign Russians crossing the border of course the closest goods and I think to Russia clients Russian vendors professor of Russian clients and customers so it includes you know household things like blinds or curtains include include beauty products and makeovers and things lots of Russians alsoever into this time for hospital treatment
Which is much cheaper and more available than it is in southern Memorial a certain icons of the age to advertise low prices lowest prices in any case this is the embroidery context for the town itself and as I mentioned it lies at the exact point where these three variously socialism or
Feel socialist or partially socialist countries meet together to be kind of spitzerland to understand the southeast and to the point where you can climb a little Tower and look out over the three countries the official slogan of this place from China from China is the three countries like a single order point
But uh in terms of the sorts of things that are occur in this calendar that further into our team today well as anxiety of constant encounters between all three of these countries um it is a constant Locus for friendship events of All Sorts so under slogans like puncture and it’s blossoming
Strengthening or deepening friendship between China or evenings of friendship which in that case curiously the folks on the right involves South Korea is interesting to get is that it’s an aside for the way that South Korea was sort of Marshall being there internationally so to replace North
Korea which he even culture and China have a hard job to deal with is one interesting dimension of this but this is basically an everyday environment where friendship is mobilized and spoken about it’s a great deal and it’s encouraged as a mode of everyday interaction among people from this particular country
Um and indeed you know there’s there’s an extent of everyday interaction as I say among people like Regular People from these countries and not everyone in this part of China or indeed Russia or Korea are marginal from the center of any Fair perspective Imperial estate centers Etc there’s a
Kind of uh natural I guess what Anthropologist sociologists might see as imagine environment every day forms of friendship might emerge however at the very top level friendship is of course the dynamic promoted at least between these states and that explains a lot of why it’s there and as
I say I think the Chinese sort of friendship industrial complex that is altogether more sophisticated or more kind of categorical about friendship even than some Prc’s highest International honor and during the speech uh ceremony there President Putin is the most intimate friends as well in Chinese Jewish which means someone who knows your heart some of them is so deeply embedded with you in a relation ship there’s a lot to be said about this but
I’m trying to open as many chocolates as I am to conclude friendship operates as a Chinese mode of international engagement or a alignment a kind of available relationship without the Chinese state level across a much wider Suite from locations and interactions than just Russia though so the Elton Road initiative of course I
Think China’s Flagship International engagement strategy new Silk Road Economic Development and the maritime civil group is closed in the language of friendship so the bounce over the economic level Parts across Central Asia to Europe has launched a speech in 2013 in Lazada University And the speech of the titles celebrating friendship between peoples and creating together a common future uh similarly the maritime parts of the building initiative launched in Indonesia the same the same year was carried out with an exhibition on the sidelines with a photo show of the history of cyano
Indonesian friendship uh so this was a speech that it’s also Dynamics in the relationship however in The Silo Russian case the the Friendship goes a little a little deeper so we can look into figure out what kind of a relationship Interstate or friendship is supposed to be both during this insurgence so the
Formal relationship between China and Russia Today is defined by 2013 signed by we know who that is the pre-assessor got one of Jesus this is a treaty officially caught inside there was a treaty of good neighborliness friendship and cooperation and was a sort of renewal of a kind of dynamic
A second but you can see again certain I guess totems and certain language symbolism of relations that have already been discussed uh collaboration cooperation and friendship May increase the sort of relationship required Interstate regulations at this stage friendship between China and Russia have been celebrated in very recent times including a mix of
Changing relations of academic era of all time and so on so in 2020 a delivery of medical supplies or PPE protective clothing people dealing with covid-19 cases after aware was defined in people’s daily the official Chinese Communist Party mouthpiece as proof of the relationship of the friendship between
China and Russia similarly and very recently and indeed as I think many people are probably also aware only days before two three weeks before the full bloody invasion in Ukraine China and Russia signed a communique during putting its attendance at the which defines the relationship in even stronger terms as a Russian political
Against so there’s a lot of focus on this friendship that I found what it means the war and so on again another topic to explore it’s all fixation about the stuff in that community okay go into so much detail about it now but the whole kind of atmosphere of
Course around this should sign a Russian relationship has a very obvious precursor one which I think is probably again very familiar to any number of the equestrian knowledge of the Pacific capacity in a particular the midst of 20 20 for China so this language of friendship was reached a sort of high
Regime during the 1950s um following the signing of a treaty of Friendship with language very similar to that more recent 2001 treaty which was signed by by starring and uh supposed to be celebrated in all kinds of ways um to my daily newspaper and uh all kinds of photos I guess other
Diagnoses of this new relationship were produced within China maps for example the Totten up the relative strength in the military sort of satellites and other things apart from the Socialist World versus the non-socialist world I was also of course celebrated by in an often highly masculinist form indeed one
That also the positive is Soviet advisor as a sort of superior civilized partner to a developing China that was reliant on the Soviet for example but also a parity you know you know certain other representations whether that was in a visual form or indeed a number of songs for example uh
The cyano Soviet friendship song Moscow Beijing uh time as well as other friendship celebrating songs possible so these kind of you know cultural everyday expression for friendship representations were very popular however this has a but still further back so I’m now to look at archaeologizing I mean this this
Relationship this has a another precursor to that because this language of friendship the representation of friendship and against has already been mentioned and suggested that by by our earlier as well as friendship between peoples was a pre-existing Soviet framework for understanding the relations between uh domestic not so nice about the national
National groups of the Soviet Union it was a relationship celebrated in the national anthem of the Soviet Union particularly this like the ultimately on hold during the earlier period of this national anthem because across this architect rebuilding his own building after destruction post-war while the same person who wrote
The Soviet National Anthem its first Incarnation it’s post 1970 7 no not 72 Incarnation and its post-soviet Russian Foundation the same person and Ruskin our mothers appeared in the Stalin era International Airport and blood and has been replaced by grazquez in the post of 2000s Russian national anthem but in any case
So it was this friendship among Soviet people so it was mapped out onto the international scale among socialist countries China and in the case I’ve highlighted here but there was also any number of other States everywhere here now I guess a few final things to say and why researcher we
Couldn’t turn them on my kind of interest in both the everyday level relationship and the sustainable relationship is revealed this is essentially as far as I have come to understand it a relationship found it on difference founded on a fundamental structure of otherness which in many ways it’s represented by the
Classification the taxonomies of peoples or the national identification project that are so key to the early Soviet Walmart is called it a prison of peoples that was the former service Empire so classifying peoples and each having them defined identity and cultural repertoire and then defining the relationship among them as friendship was a kind of entangled process that makes cultural essentialism really the idea of friendship and makes
Boundaries of gratified difference Central to this Dynamic this worked in interesting ways in London because people from the Russian and the Chinese side of the Border still look on one another in quite decentralized terms despite interacting every on an everyday level so tour companies advertising towards format the parts of Russia into China
As this kind of Fairyland exotic Oriental space despite what’s happening at the parts of Russia that people come to China from is further east than the whole of China still this sort of Eastern Asian countries but equally going the other way Chinese tourists visiting uh from Russia volleyball stock and other
More smaller locations in this region are advertised to in this kind of Disney five version of lots of locations there are thousands of miles away from public Historical Museum in Moscow or the Church on blood or some classical trips to Russia which are just like going 50 kilometers down the road so
This kind of ascensionist vision uh is to find a relationship these kind of static categories of other nurses but there’s more to be said about these things So thanks very much Ed and um professor of New York University where Phoenix just completed this PhD thesis with the titles on the circular architectural because 1377 to 1991 I’m a professor genre current supervisor because good Fellowship um so that was all over to you well thank you foreign Or the architectural relationship between the Soviet Union and the rest of Egypt so not China like the rest of the particularly Cambodia and North Korea as well as with Africa well two countries ages so it’s a very brief contribution that’s based on an academic article that I’m writing them so
My presentation is it’s going to be about our attention to call them Soviet artificial acroasia system so this concept of acrobationism um discuss shortly it helps me understand the particular of Soviet architectural into the fossil in the world uh that is the way in which surgical structures in Asia and Africa very much
Resemble one formally and technologically and how this reveals a single methodology applied to the degree it’s a very different context so in one of the factors I’ll argue that the custodians wanted the buildings that they were loading in Africa Indonesia to look similar to one another and to serve similar functions
Um this was very impatient this was because they allowed the emergent acrogation to discords to exert influence something and this is also because they sought to bring Asia and very consciously saw Supreme Asia in Africa closer together than ever before so in short the purpose of their admission the the intention of facility
Of Voters was to to forge friendships among newly independent African and Asian relations at the same time when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan one of the beneficiaries in 1979 the world was made rare of how easily friendship could turn into adversity and how readily fraternal AIDS could become a basis or imperialism
So I’ll begin with this uh particularly telling comparison so on the one hand we have connotary Polytechnic Institute and connotary gaming which is a country within West Africa that was liberated from French polonium this Polytechnic Institute was completed in 1962 . on the other hand we have um cargo Polytechnic Institute in Kabula
Afghanistan which was completed in 1963. so in a contemporary text that was published by this very interesting entity called city called Soviet Africa is extremely easy to attribute comic reporting The Institute is described as the first higher education establishment in the country that was to help it grow solve the Urgent trauma of
The training of technical personnel Wow this building was going on the Soviets also established in his first radio station undertook Geological Service in search of code environments and we constructed the error the developmental assistance that the study gaming extended to guinea which was began in 1959 was part of a larger initiative act in the words of the
Historian Alexander quote rapidly and radically modernizing West African societies to make them a concrete example of the advantages of socialist development the main driver so diplomacy was the ideological conviction that the kind of modernization that the USSR could offered to give me was Superior to anything that the rest could propose in
Four-story large panel apartment buildings to be distributed over two necron iron that’s a very typical Soviet urban planning unit right and the University was to serve the sqs to serve as a new in the new residential district the architect of combo Polytechnic Institute teaching institution was associated with key protocols because students Or the state Institute for the design of higher education establishments which was based in Moscow and oversaw the construction of higher education establishments University buildings throughout the Soviet Union as well as abroad for instance in in addition to Afghanistan Burma Cameroon Ethiopia Indonesia marine and normally so at both sides an intricate Messiah
Meaningfully offsets the stern modernism of the architecture economically we see a figure seemingly in Flight one of those dynamism is heightened by the striped Powers chosen by the artist wild and collaboral become a collage symbols representing the different scientific disciplines taught at The Institute the writing in the sanctuary reads knowledge is lies
Here I would like to propose that the Striking analogy between the two building Sports a basis on which to speak of what might be called certain and producer to argue that the Soviet Union in extending architectural Aid to position strategically embraced the emergent notion of the unity of the two continents
All right okay okay is this better yes Change the position who was the first to use the term apprehension system in this book acrosia to send conclusions on the pandem conference published just one year after set conference insisted that the peoples of Africa and Asia were faced with the same task that were elevating the underdeveloped man to
The level of civilization which is a social norm and elevating a civilized man to the level of humanity which is a moral level nine years after a Vietnamese book appeared it’s been gay a friendship for me who attempted the history of Africa the importance of today’s history
Of the role of the Soviet Union in the consolidation of their creationism which is why it’s placed at the center of my research on this phenomenal Soviet artificial and aggregation system because K makes it very explicit you know the world that the Soviet Union playing in the in the propagation of
This idea and then the development pointed out in this book version of thanks to the history of micronation isn’t that shared pursuit of the social Society of lay at the heart of operation system which he saw a large thing as a form of international benefits so against this backdrop I would like to
Propose that information system forms an important but often overlooks aspect of how socialist friendship was understood in practice that a historical approach programming languages is something revealed the survey begin to have been at the receiving of this person exchange to have subscribed to and made policy in accordance with that foreign
Originating in the postal code so it’s an idea that originated in the postcolonial world and the Soviet Union so usually think of the Soviet Union you know exporting this personal products to to the post-colonial world but in this case I try and demonstrate that the opposite happens Union really sort of um
Uh fixated with the idea of operation system which it did not invest which was invented by these possible and and how the examples that I’m showing here today are representative of the website so now I would like to bring your attention to buildings serving distinct primary functions one is a monument the
One is in the life the other is a hospital so they serve the primary conscious but they serve an identical auxiliary Revolution which is their celebrating the idea of friendship so one is called you know the monument so it’s very explicit Egyptian friendship the other is the comparison information Hospital
So the Monumental studied Egyptian friendship in Aswan Egypt it was inaugurated in 1970 on the occasion of the completion of the Soviet thoughts as funded which was the which still is the world’s largest implementing effect and on the right we had the clear survey friendship Hospital in global Plum and Cambodia
Which was built in 1960. the architect of this hospital his name is NFL yankerson and he was affiliated with because that I introduced earlier so there were in the Soviet Union there existed these design institutes that specialize in the construction of you know um on the one hand higher education
Facilities right in the case of King purpose and you know on the other end in the case hospitals and recreation centers um so two two entities two design institutes that were um that played a very important role in indeed in the expectation of Soviet culture experts
Uh so The Monuments like the one in asthma that you see here in the lab or the the Charlie man section I’m sorry that is North Korea you see here in the lab which is um designed by soviet-trained North Korean artists so monuments of this kind they’re very typical of socialist architecture right
I mean showed us some examples in-house Restaurant close right and after over three decades since the collapse of the Eastern Club monuments at this time continue to be built right notably by the North Korean manasu Day arts studio which is also the authorial collection right that that
Design the toy massage that you see on the line and um and this North Korea answer the Arts Studio it is very interesting it’s a very interesting kind of a group of artists who are really perpetuating the idea of a socialist friendship India absent right or yeah
Friendship in a new era for acroation system that sort of excludes the Soviet Union and um so it’s basically China who has taken over the role of the Soviet Union in the region in Africa so so the um so it’s really making its preference but in in Africa right through various
Development projects and and very aggressive investment It’s also done North Korea and Las Vegas Studio that has gone designed this Monument the the composition of it clearly takes after the composition of the tobymacception but here it must be pointed out that in the composition of Italians 1937 worker and spoken so thank you very much for your attention uh
So um specializing in the history of Ukrainian visual art stuff uh you can get back to history uh see extension European University I’ve had a book of architecture in Ukraine serving working this mosaics from 1916 19 yeah if you don’t uh was published by a
Dog in terms of it so to you and the title of your presentation right it’s past relationship 14 times the pressure that’s uh president introduction and thank you talk about our invitation and a brilliant contribution that I would try to kind of build on as well so yeah
I don’t have any presentations so I invite you to exciting like eventually something that is eliminating right history so it’s hard and I’m gonna talk about people like Flash and I was called to assess it was not receiving Ukraine and it’s still called the census Mountain series which is kind
Of a conclusion between our historians and art readings which is not something that is like common for apples have some prediction but yes it’s choreography of mics yes so so I’m talking about this people who were aren’t experts if it was right because I literally I would not tell about my age
Properties of Taste of fashion and What mattered to me or the expert because I’m a Mexican writer presentation of this so it will be a long talk but I would just like mention that like for you to keep it in mind and I will use our historian and other critic a bit interchangeably
But we can discuss it later so I’m looking at the late 40s Soviet Union and I’m also looking at what I call it the more World War II ramifications in life of this art and workers and I think I think it’s very intriguing period and we know something like we know some
Stuff about this period where magic works but what is now relevant I guess we need to under recall the work of Terry Martin as well because because a matter of her friendship it’s actually his described and this is not her friendship was introduced during the 1936-38 Friendship campaign kind of
Bringing something because it’s a great expectation to the Brotherhood of people’s campaign of 29 31 and for those who may need to know for some reason I don’t this kind of originated from bolsha Bay fascination with the French Revolution and it’s one of this kind of fraternity ideas kind of um
Travel to cultures in the latest and 20s and then was kind of red transport very pervertedly in French and I would like to lose some how understanding of government was transplanted into the first Ukrainian art historical publication and what kind of controversies anymore and I think it’s very important to look
To look into that for comprehending what is what’s called a patriotic readings campaign in 1949 and also that was predating the value of Vanoss where um the great friendship like a baby in that personians culture and particularly this is that a battle just Opera was having substantial implications for the
Ukrainian of my workers so basically is a story that I’m wondering as probably familiar to many of us who are here because we’re just trying to build writers and editors kind of exposing professionally satisfaction with the text that person that should be published I guess a lot of experience
Had this experience in writing and I’m looking at the Ukrainian entry like Atrium the Ukrainian art the 56 volume of the brain Summit encyclopedia also this little program that it was in many houses and this this particular volume was issued in 1947 and we know from studies of Brian Passover this book was
Very important and it was largely disordered and conceived a socialist book of very high and the entry on Ukrainian art in this book period unprecedented significance for Ukrainian art workers because it was the first survey like text on Ukrainian art history at the Times where there were no comparable Communications
The course of Ukrainian Arts still was not developed and introduced to the art universities so the Arabic authors of this entry for Yakuza Finance cameras the figures that aren’t unknown in the International Scholarship and I’m a pro and particularly interested in that Lansky as he was born to become
At the first side of his biography he seems to be rather an average art bureaucrat to having the career red leather however the closer abundance was his Diaries and Memoirs and events or a curious to Identity for instance during the Great Purge he was an excluded from the party but
Considering his max-long conscription in the white Army in 1919 that fire for foreign State Museum of Russian Art at that time she endured continuously with blowing unemployment servation and strict information that resulted into study related hallucinations and six months forceful confinement that appears to yesterday Hospital
From where it was his name was other nine passions melted aluminum School into a big block and returned as over other ways during World War II he evacuated against the Central State Museum of the Russian collection from cave to parkith and in his part-time Memoirs he recalls numerous attempts to Pursuit exploring
Operation General and portrays it as an only application to help him to secure his sanity in June 1942 he moved to al-ati with his family where he offered by the director position at the concepts dangerous foreign And kind of became a specialist who was reaching the art scenes of the republics so this country he brought an Ukrainian articles for example leaders from England was kind of a difference or a spack of irritation as a commands with the reproduction of shared origins of Ukrainian Russia and other Russian Arts
They are maybe the art of the East Islamic people that begin to read the key universe and not set the brain in Art became National as the verse of the Ukrainian nation in the 14th century but by the end of 1947 months after the volume release this text field to
Combative assaults then we justificate on here an inventing professional rivalry on December 17 at the union premises and came from chapter 354 and Art Expert ion was Rosenberg now under his pen name learning Luggage in a great intercession of the greatest section Union section of criticism with a sharp
Tongue and section of Alexandria his extensive attack on the authors covered incompetence incompetence tendency to disturb the facts and the Supreme fallacy in their Russian nationalists Utah nationalists he exposed those goals to the audience was a good invitation and then Readiness and pages of the Republic process and ridiculate the
Misprints in the artworks titles for instance there was an artwork of all the representski which was called the interrogations of the anime and with a single letter of Hispanic turned into the interrogation of the doctor I mean the process across my child Going as far as thinking that the authors doesn’t know and doesn’t love you reigning art at the first meeting the moment two open to filters on the Olympics University was present and he provided an entire account of the editor’s class that resulted in the content twists he
Insisted that the Ender’s fight I would say quite like convincibly insisted that the editor so the encyclopedia and Moscow had chose relevant to illustrations and they could have mispresented the art of the whole Republic he kind of he showed his status on the end of text and Battery session was postponed and
The most section members were not familiar music so then the Metropolitan seized and on January 7 1948 the year of discussion of the attorney continued and lasted long after midnight and Gladys presided in his position on a little silent and he would occupy his roles through the late
40s evidence rate of the unions had an artist was suggestion I’m putting this for kind of the context because this antibacteriatric reading campaign is usually in Russian context for example is kind of Was also an expert of Heritage he evenly joined this passive and other art historians um who were president environment for example of people they articulated their criticism in general and supported displaying the active framework is more Transportation so let’s dive into what was what does it mean to have a social nationalistic framework
So art historians Collective assessment we like the several aspects of the text and foremost if we decided absence of the class they mentioned in the historical account and the operation of Ukrainian Russian Texas especially in the 19th century particular scheme the absence of the class namely of the
Class of yours was especially emphasis with a mild distribution of the high level sugar crystal this is a group of artists who was executed during the Great Purge but certainly a history of the Soviet Union they were they were kind of like our historians were first to portray them as
Surrendering animus that were victoriously combat advisors outrageously on the other like the others Act is that the mask and several Russian artists as we break in and that which considered the labeling of creators in Ukraine and advocated in Russia created escandalas underwater attempt to exclude Russia influences on
Ukrainian art vegetarians of course the utmost concern was the script International activities in place is the most important origin of our technical organization even before parental agency and for those who are not familiar with the complex formation it was very important for social surveillance rate basically almost synonymously all our
Historians decided that that must keep some chapter on both art and creative industry was regarded the most approvia nationalists fragments because that landscape live there is an energetic connection between hope and professional art overall the entry was for playing with article for upgrading Sovereign Traders
So for my final remarks I just want you to kind of zoom out a bit and analyze these phones with the larger context of historical scholarship into society Pointed that by 1927 by the time when larger Capital Village arise Ukrainian historians learned a safe way to develop their career Instagram plus history starting with a shared candle of the key values on which of any narrative assessment of the Russian Empire colonial policies that in Ukrainian case that the very reduced
Class history accounts the Friendship campaign in the late circus was connected with the Soviet National Response is invading the Constitution that it signaled the radical shift to the underscended population as having Roger Waters because they were talking about and this entry for instance relation to the proposal of the most holy spirit
Individual to consider as a 14th century that the Ukrainian Nation based but the national Dimension construed by many Ukrainian historians was perceived differently than renting company and because its overlaps with important people it eventually bringing up Fall Apart this understanding of the nation of the reorganization and you’re through late
40s and seasoned His World War II kind of erasing Russians becomes into understanding what was necessary pushing to aren’t experts into the similarly confusing overviews prioritizing one-way direction of Russian resources to his colleagues on his own and with the second session he remained mostly assignment however his personal plan contained the position often
Written laws where he reacts to this supreme court and he names the kind of pulls this bloody treatment that continuous reliablement totally opposite to what emotional predisposition should be he was assaulted to the bottom of his heart my body and art and he appealed to his titles
And letters of Julian members of account experts and academic degree that he that he kind of represents an Appalachian kind of trying to argument that like he loves Ukrainian art in the language is actually mean while on crypto says offered to name it like all they are before the Revolution of 17 followers
Finally that do not get undermines their positions our expert in other children may actually grounded in the idea of good inventions considering approach to artists and arts friends Grant and Conference labor most still exist working to remember exercise where the court is and they still exercise the idea of people should be criticism
That critics must pursue so in the early 50s after the quarter of the campaign if you never just switch with your questions of art history in which he advocated for example the nation of study course or linguistic and Linguistics into marks that is a method of our history
This fish kind of unveiled his project of Ukrainian black history he was striving to bring into his purpose from the early 30s so he was trying to to carefully to bring the artists who were serves an impression required into the focus of art history and thus he proceed to undermine the convention of
His arriving involved it well I can say that it has been important in the in the first of this was accomplished but the sixth season was highly influential because the director of the of a couple of institutions in the art institutions and basically his perspective of the creative history was very common
But this this particular case for me reveals a lot of processes that were undergo undergoing the community of professional art experts and they were generally trying to develop this Marxist understanding of our history with a combination of many nostalgia’s works this is what I believe and many other historians they were
Striving to play art history as science it’s kind of like this and operated in the terms of subjectivity and objectivity differing between truly objective words meaning disengagement that was praised by Western artists a story therefore subjectivity was in a new participation mostly classified as a strong side of solid art expertise
What is what is more than we’re completing understanding of what the Friendship this Russian artist is I mean even in museum what is so-called beneficial writing of History so people who worked in their institutional kind of occupying converted institutional position to order different was how they should describe friendship with artists
This Russian artists but there was one that prioritize professional included there will be another one that will be trying to portray for Ukrainian side and it’s also going to be all happening soon throughout the reference of official art history and um yeah and there was like always a
Problem how it should be described as an argument story or overuse because in first faculty of history and art history Ukraine will be established on the 1950 yes and while there were many different shirts at the core of this with strip Chancellor chapter studies and readings in his creative trajectory
And for me actually this understanding of creative territory was made in understanding of friendship Q uh for another very rich and extremism s so much material there actually referred to processes Aesthetics physical products which refer to entities which refer to them which is a friendship but also we’ve told stories
Of your life friendships personal encounters miracles about aesthetic Ally I wonder if we should we have them a little bit of time now sorry so which is a or additional contributions no I just want to include the public because it’s also very hard to follow so many emotions and please ask questions
Remarks comments I see the land and you will help first of all thank you very much for the Nations to aspectively um I really learned some stuff that I didn’t know so speaking about American thing we have to acknowledge always that that we already know you know like that’s like many countries we have experiencing um a double colonization program in which is like a perfectly expressed in one of my favorite German
From the East means going through a colonial ways to the point of almost losing your identity so even architectural context future My colonization process so we live in a big geopolitical colonization and An economic colonization architectural heritage Federal gaming hydro plant yeah it is beautiful amazing architecture it is owned by the interrogos and as long as what most of the Georgian energy foreign So for me simple of this type of colonization it comes from the Soviet past but in the Contemporary Georgian context it really says I would like to inform you that the Georgian banking system one of the worst in the world one of the non-regulated one of the most highest or have like really
Other organizations are talking about in other discussing organizations Organization is and it is most of the stakeholders are British children of certain money Georgian people are paying in a high percentage teach you the bank of Georgia goes back to the Western financial institution and come back to the Georgia as another Trading credit to the state
So I think that this very famous building should be analyzed in a contemporary Colonial context how things like because like mostly people talk about this like the awful beautiful I would like to reflect on one um like uh sentence that would make you have a presenter story about the name um idea of friendship like presentation yeah so for me this kind of uh thinking or more thing because even like uh uh I’ll say even Georgia and Ukraine crane historical
Cultural nation of context yeah it’s a friendship between real French by about like two partial oils between you want to push uh developed during Society was forged in some communion that’s when the ukrainians and Georgians got really got to know each other so that’s why you have for example like Western Georgia
There is one Village called shiroma you have a massive of the Friendship of the Georgia and the effect so I think according an idea becoming a perverted idea of friendship we call an aesthetic political point but to comment it convert it isn’t it for me it’s like it’s an offense to
My parents to my grandparents who really thought that there was friendship not because of Soviet like really between people especially in the context of living and creating the same economic or social whatever you like it or not like they experience this this letter and this living together was
Not like I’d say well maybe the whole idea of if Union was bad but this relationship between peoples and the feeling of friendship and doing something together or not was not not and it is for me a liberal Colonial Western wording of describing people’s relationships social relationships you
Know east Europe or like the Middle East where we have a caucasia so I don’t think do you want me to reflect thank you very much yes Yes uh understanding of friendship yeah I mean Yeah what is my contribution involves actually logical point I’m sorry yeah the information on Ukrainian Russian access is the formation of Ukrainian Russian access I’m a man of Australia the relationship between Ukrainian Russian artists as they presented and it’s mostly in terms of influences because to this Ukrainian entry of the
Ukrainian art it was like trying to portray you know there’s there’s Ukrainian artists were working in Russia and that’s how they included Russian Art and then like Russian artists working in Ukraine and harmony for like Ukrainian art and this was considered to be perversion because only Russian artists could be working in Ukrainian
Influencing Ukrainian Park but not vice versa this is why one way so there was like and taught me against harmonization and also against colonization of friendship is like friendship meaning in like in one kind of regional context on what I was trying to show that like different people understood in different
Differently as because I’m working with art historians and it was Ukrainian art historians and I’m showing um because they are understanding decorated or developing different unhistorical projects I had like two years ago three years in the Soviet Community but since I was born I hear this like this fake friendship like every like to your birthday like there’s nothing it has ever existed and this was just remorse from Moscow and nothing ever become like and it’s like like sorry I
Didn’t mean to like treat yourself I just want to take stress my opinion that uh this friendship was introduced by the narrow internal forces in the post Soviet state to dismantle every idea of solidarity between nations after cost Soviet Union so they could like do their colony
Working okay I understand you I think and maybe I can exercise my moderating skill to kind of really really formulate especially because I think what you’re talking is very important too as we see there’s so many layers in the idea and this metaphor friendships and many of those contributors have has been showing
Are actually the ideas of life that are excusing war or like any Wireless apps is there a Steeler space for us to use this world it’s like we’re describing something I think this is something that my goal was proposing to like to reflect on it to all of us
And yeah I guess do we still use friendship for describing a solidarity when putting this intimate friends like of South Korean leader right yeah yeah okay so I guess this is their problem if there’s so many many so many layers is there actual heuristical potent potency in this this you thank you
Either are other questions because I don’t want to talk so much we already talked so maybe yes there is a question I have a question And decades by Soviet Union more so the capital of Poland and I know that your world is a topic for a long time because we’re going discussing in this topic of means architecture forward years ago and for me it’s like very important example because all that we’re
Thinking about what to do we say you know how to like capitalize the concept of friendship and people Know how to reconstructionize a gift from Soviet Union so maybe some news and some new approaches to what’s going on with the building um that’s the question I think the the question of the relationship between the gift and the idea of friendship is also interesting because I think in the
Souvenir discourse the gift is presented as an act of friendship capitalism has Commodities and commodities are evil and there are exploitation and about inequality and extraction whereas socialism has gifts and Gifts 2018 friendship and other kinds of altruistic or doesn’t Supposedly completely from one nation to another for which uh the receiving Nation doesn’t have to give back anything and that this is a completely new chapter of international relations and isn’t it amazing and it shows just how peaceful and how friend we are now a solidarity uh
The gift and friendship uh to definitely connected ideas and it’s also interesting that it’s still in uh of course today and I suppose it refers to what you were saying to that in the Soviet Union and in Spanish search into countries and as well as the context of State searches countries interactions with
Um with the countries in the global South oftentimes friendship and solidarity was substantively practiced both on the level of into into human relations there was some meaning to deserve your friendship uh even though other times it was a concluded to disguise uh where it is now religious match with the um thank you
Which are under um contract with the package in these plans with the details about him and revealed to the public but the I mean I think one example of what’s Happening In the talk and that’s the main thing that’s happening to the area that has the the parents were surrounding device with the construction of the museum whereas from this several decades after before the police and many Towers created in the radius of several hundred meters away from the Protestant culture no buildings
Were built and this is almost very Square surrounding the immediately there are many attempts were made somehow there was some kind of people who are also referred to as a cast or complex that prevented any physical encouragement is And the the square itself has been redesigned by uh by a Young connected so there is some kind of transformation on um but uh a lot of that’s machinations in front of property of to the restitution of properties created to send this crew workers Etc but the the partisan culture still
Retains a kind of what has the most interesting thing that’s happened to me in the last few years is that it has this kind of significance of an opposition as an object against the current polish uh really registered so for example protests has been indefensive autonomy plan at the moment they tend to
source
