Hello and welcome to the Daily News simplified the what why and how of newspaper analysis from the perspective of civil services examination today is 25th of October and uh we have taken the newspapers of two days not just one day let me just go back to the introductory
Slide yesterday was the Shara and there was no the Hindu published as all of us know and so we have combined both these two newspapers Indian Express of 24th and Indian Express and the Hindu of today we have identified four news articles from the perspective of prelims uh examination China and Bhutan they
Have started talking and they are holding bilateral TR which is quite unique in case of Bhutan because remember Bhutan does not have diplomatic relations with any of the five permanent member of United Nations security Council that is unique uh selection of host for the Olympics because India has
Initially uh and up to some level shown interest to uh hold 2036 Olympic Games and so how does the changed rules for the selection of new host cities help us or are to the detriment of India we are going to talk about that in form of McQ
Then there is a very very good article talking about the eim and so we are going to talk about the new technology of embedded Sim where you don’t have a physical SIM card attached in the slot rather than the SIM card itself is attached with the motherboard which
Cannot be changed and we are also going to look into a very crucial economic concept on which the question has also been asked in the prelims examination which is about bond yields and so we are going to understand what is the bond yield how the bond yield increases and
Decreases with respect to the Indian and American Market this is about the filim section which we are going to finish off in initial 12 to 15 minutes then we are going to look into four very very important topics from the perspective of mains examination two of them directly find
Their mention in the syllabus regionalism prime minister yesterday uh he was attending the dasera in Delhi and he talked about ending the Min of castism and regionalism now castism is not there in the syllabus directly but questions have been asked regionalism however is a part of the syllabus of GS
Paper 1 so we are going to look into various uh uh dimensions of regionalism from the perspective of the mains examination prime minister has asked the senior bureaucrats and all the bureaucrats to become the vehicles to advertise the government policies and schemes and this is why the Hindu has published a column talking
About the politicization of bureaucracy now you can obviously understand that this should must be understood because it directly Tres at various places in Gs paper 4 as well as in Gs paper 2 in Gs paper 2 you have civil services role of civil services in democracy in Gs paper
4 you have uh words like integrity politicization of bureaucracy compromises Integrity it compromises delivery of Public Service it is a violation of the role of public servant so we are going to look into that then there is an editorial talking about increase in uh the pollution level in
Mumbai so we are going to compare Delhi and Mumbai pollution what are the reasons and why we are seeing sudden an upsurge in the pollution level in Mumbai and then finally because of the India Canada R we are going to look into Vienna convention which forms the basis
Of diplomatic relations and the immunity which the diplomats hold starting quickly with the first practice McQ Bhutan and China make progress in Border talk key aspect of this particular news article to remember is the Border locations where the China and Bhutan have differing interpretation of their own international border although border
Has not been clearly delated so you know that China uh has border disputes with almost all the neighboring countries has border disputes with uh Vietnam it has border dispute with Japan with Korea uh with India and so Bhutan is no exception and so in last 3 four years we saw that
Uh due to dolam India also somehow got involved into the dispute of boundary between China and bhan so if you look at the previous year questions although this is not in which this is not a border dispute in which India is directly involved but nonetheless if you look at 2022 prelims examination the
Question was on Saku Islands which is a flasho between Japan and China so anything which is in news especially with respect to map locations becomes important for us from the perspective of prmse examination so consider the following regions jakar lung located over here let me change the skin of the
Pen so that you can see it jakar lung is here uh still not changed yes pasam lung again Bhutan and China border dram again Bhutan and China border dolam you can see is located here let me know in the chat box what do you call this
Valley or the rift between uh India and Bhutan so you can see that as far as the map locations are concerned which have appeared in the newspaper today how many of the above mentioned regions are disputed between Bhutan and China so except for baroti which is a which is a dispute region between
India and China all of them belong to Bhutan and China right let’s now move on to the next news article which talks about selection of host cities for Olympics and so this detailed article in the Indian Express talked about what are the various rules and procedure which have been changed in
2019 so before 2019 we have had different set of rules uh in in order to determine which city is going to hold the Olympic Games 8 year 12 years down the line but that have been changed now if you’re wondering how is it important for prelims examination means that you
Are not hrow with the understanding of the previous year questions if you look at 2021 question consider the following statements in respect of the 32nd Summer Olympics the official Moto for this Olympics is a new world it is obviously incorrect because the official Moto was
Fhst now you have to let me know what does the full form means whereas the second statement was correct so these important especially with respect to the Olympic Games we have to study them from the perspective of prelims examination and so we have framed a question we have
Framed a question in such a way that if you solve these mcqs you are likely to remember most of the information which UPS is going to test you upon so with reference to the selection of cities for Olympic Games consider the following statement ments new norms for selecting
The host cities were adopted at the lisan session of international Olympic Committee now this is correct and to give you the context as to why the new Norms had to be formulated and if you have been following current affairs for some time you must have known that how when an Olympics is
Given to a particular city or a country uh it definitely creates a kind of unsustainable burden not just financially because not every city not every country is well vered with the kind of infrastructure which is needed to hold a successful Olympic Games because they require not just the biggest and the well functioning
Airports require five star hotels require world-class stadiums you require uh Road and just remember what happened in 2011 and well when Congress government under the regime of Congress government uh we organized Commonwealth Games it was a tremendous task for Indian government and so it the kind of unsustainable practices it leads to in
Runup to the Olympics is create a lot of problems for the economy apart from that uh there have been various allegations of corruption because in order to get the hosting rights for Olympics in order to become the hosting the countries and cities are spending a
Lot of money they are they have spent a lot of money in bribing the Olympic committees members of the committies because it was determined on the basis of voting so the money was utilized in order to Lobby uh and to win that uh vote to get the hosting rights apart
From that once the Olympic games are over right the country does not have the capacity to utilize the infrastructure which was just created for Olympics which is unlike the case with cities with the countries like us UK where you already have a very good and a thriving uh athlete athlete population where they
Are going to utilize those swimming pools those tracks even after the Olympics are held but in other cities and in other countries of the world especially in the global South there are not so many athletes who can then keep on using it these newly created world-class infrastructure for a long
Time and so at lisan the rules were changed uh in order to uh identify or nominate a host City so this statement is correct second statement under the new Norms the host city is selected seven years in advance that is not the new Norm that was the old Norm where you
Would identify two Olympic session in advance which is 8 years uh the hosting City now the Olympic Committee has said that if India wants to contest for 2036 the decision can be taken as late as 2030 we are not going to abide by the
Seven or 8 years of rule and that is a very good thing because the more time you give for to a particular City the more environmental damage is done the more money is invested the more preparation goes into and so you want to look into which city needs the minimum
Amount of preparation in order to be Olympic ready third statement the overall process is seen by two permanent future host commissions this is correct because now they have created one for Summer Olympics and the second one for the Winter Olympics so this leads us to the right answer B only two statements are
Correct now if you want to read into detail just download the PDF also you can go and read the same article on our Compass website this is very very important news uh which has appeared in again the Indian Express us bond yield hits 16-year high of 5% why it is rising
And what does it signal uh now before we go into analyzing this news or solving an McQ which is on the next page let us see the question which was asked in 2021 because in prelims examination the syllabus is not very well defined so if you look at the prelims syllabus downloaded from
Upsc official website it’s also given in is compass website you will see that Indian economy is just as vague as Indian economy so everything impacting or being impacted by Indian economy forms the part of the prelim syllabus which is unlike the main syllabus a question in 2021 Indian
Government bond yields are influenced by which one of the following so bond yield has already been tested by upsc in the prelims examination and so what we are going to do allow me four five minutes let’s try to understand what is a bond what is the bond yield what leads to increase or
Decrease of bond yield and then maybe we will be in in a situation to appreciate both the news article as well as the McQ all right so uh you can say that bond is a kind of a debt strum so uh let’s say that if Government wants 100 rupees from the
Market what they going to do they are going to publish government security I think this is a very basic Foundation level knowledge and if they want 100 rupees they are going to print a paper where they will say anyone who gives us 100 rupees today we are going to give
That person 110 rupees let’s say after 10 years timeline is this point making sense okay so if there is a person a who says that yes I have 100 rupees gives lends out 100 rupees to the government and so after this transaction is complete in the primary Market what
Happens happens is that government which earlier had the bond now the bond has went has gone to a so the government has 100 rupees and the person a has this document which says that whoever produces this document to the government 10 years down the line which means if this was issued
In 2024 in 2034 whoever issues this to the government will get 110 rupees correct now this until this point this is a transaction in the primary Market where for the first time the exchange of government security with respect to Rupee happens but it might not want to
Hold on to this bond for 10 years period a would want to exchange it with other people and so what a does is that a goes to the secondary market and says that whoever gives me some amount of money we are not disclosing that as of now
Whoever gives me some amount of money I I do not want to carry on to this G security this is a piece of paper whoever wants to take paper please contact me now what happens is that there are three people b c and d who are interested in government
Security Now whatever price b c and d have to offer will be the market price of the bond unlike the primary Market in the secondary Market it’s the demand and supply of the government security which determines its price now let’s not go into right now until 3 minutes what are
The reason because of which the market price might go up or might go down let’s say if the demand of government security is huge a lot of people want to hold on to this government security so B might offer 101 rupe please give me fine C might also
Want to in increase and go one rupee Beyond and D also might want to go even one rupe Higher to offer 103 rupees now look at what they are going to get after the period of 9 years because one year has passed a if a if B transacts the
Government Bond for 101 rupees he is going to get 9 rupees profit C is going to get 8 rupees profit because ultimately whoever produces the bond in 20 34 is going to get 1 one0 rupe and D is going to get only 7 rupe what you see
Over here is bond yield this is what is known as bond yield bond yield is nothing but the difference between the return on a bond minus the market price right now this is when the bond is much sought after a lot of people want it so there there will be competitive
Bidding a will say B will quote one price c will quote another price which means that the government security is much in demand but what if the government security is not at all in demand and so in that scenario what will happen is that b will say I’m not
Interested in buying this Bond even for 95 rupees yeah if you are if you are able if you can give me for 94 rupees I will take it c will say no no no I will take it only for 90 rupees and D even going further could also talk about 89
Rupees now if the demand for the bond is very low you can see that yield has suddenly increased so in case if the a decides to sell it to B the yield for B is10 minus 95 which means it is 15 rupees for C it is 20 rupees for D it is
21 rupees this is what is happening in US US bond yield hits 16year High which means that there are no takers for the bond issued by the uh Federal Reserve of us because of the low demand is this point making sense so now let’s Now quickly discuss why this might
Happen let’s let me just erase it okay let’s now move on to the next page where we can utilize this okay wait a second all right so now we have understood that demand for Bond or you can say government security if it increases or let’s say if it
Decreases the market the market price of the bond will go down and yield will increase this is what has happened and similarly you can inverse the scenario if it increases the market price will go down and the yield will decrease and what is happening right now is the first
Scenario all right and so one of the reasons which leads to the decrease of the demand of the of the government securities of the bond is inflation High rate of inflation what it does is that first and for foremost it creates an opportunity cost if the rate of interest is high why
Would you invest on something on which the return is already fixed so whoever produces the government Security in 2034 is is only going to get 1 one0 rupees and if there is a high rate of inflation Maybe because of this other avenues of investment are likely to perform well
And so that there is always an opportunity cost involved apart from that high rate of inflation involves the scrutiny of the Federal Reserves and the central banks across the globe for example in case of RBI if there is high inflation RBI immediately increases the repo rate increment in repo rate
Increases the cost of capital the increment in cost of capital sucks out the liquidity and there is no money to be invested and so there are no takers for the bond and it further reduces the demand for the bond reducing the market price increasing the yield from the bond
Yeah so try to just uh if you watching it in recorded if you watch it again if you did not understand please comment and we’ll respond to you because this is an important as well as the complicated concept involving uh the government security and the bond yeld all right
Let’s now move on to the last item that we have taken up eim consider the following statements with reference to eim eim allows users uh to switch operators without having to replace any physical SIM card that is correct in uh eim card which is embedded Sim it is not
Electronic Sim it is embedded it is embedded within the motherboard of uh the device and so whenever you have to switch you just have to request the operator and you don’t require to throw away the old SIM and insert the new sim any malicious person with access to the
Phone may not be able to duplicate the esim application this is also correct uh although it is believed that it is uh based on software and so it becomes easier but according but against the common notion that we might Harbor with respect to eim it is very very difficult
And finally eim restricts the network operator to track subscribers data this is incorrect In fact this is this is what the article says is one of the uh contentions especially in the absence of data Protection Law uh now we have a data protection act but when we did not
Have in that era because the C eim is a part of your motherboard we don’t know how it is configured how it is wired to transfer whatever your personal data is to the company to which that particular eim belongs to all right so I hope uh that from the perspective of prelims
Exam ation these four topics as well as the concepts Associated map locations is everything is clear let’s now move on to a very very important topic for the main examination which is regionalism the inspiration for this is an article in the Hindu finish off those using castism regionalism to divide the
Nation so according to Prim Minister Modi castism and regionalism are threats to to the nation all right if you look at the syllabus of GS paper 1 Indian Heritage culture and history geography of the world and Society social empowerment communalism regionalism is a part of the syllabus so the obvious
Point of discussion is what is regionalism why are we bothered about uh this term and if it is bothering at all uh where does it raises concern because whatever is threatening to the unity and integrity of of nation we should understand the causes because if we don’t understand the causes how are we
Going to provide solution for it and what is the impact of regionalism are some of the important Dimensions that you should know so over a course of next 10 to 12 minutes we are going to cover the entire Spectrum also the notes have been provided in the PDF which you can
Download from the telegram Channel also you will get the same article on is compass website now if I ask you to Define what a regionalism is you can say that it is a it is is a feeling of Brotherhood common Brotherhood just like a nationhood but the underlying common identity which
Binds is a region so people living in an area feeling closely knit together are called regionalists and that feeling is called regionalism right and just to give you a context how regionalism impacts our day-to-day life be very very honest with me over here and tell me if you are from Bihar haven’t you
Ever heard bihari Yoga North Indians very very often use the term madrasi for South Indians right and so this what is Madras Madras is a region what is Bihar Bihar is a region a state of India uh so you can see that when we see uh people constructing stereo
Types under uh Bound by a particular region what is it it is a reflection of regionalism right when you see different states uh demanding uh special category datas what is it it is a manifestation of regionalism they are not saying that India should be treated equally all Indians should be treated equally they
Say that we should be treated preferentially we who is this we all those people belonging to a particular region we have seen in past three years initiatives uh by States like harana by States like uh Telangana to provide preferential treatment to the locals in the government job what is it it’s not
What the Preble of the Constitution of India says the fraternity assuring the unity and integrity of the Nation it is a preferential treatment we have seen son of the soil movement where for example people from up and Bihar uh there was a movement against these people especially in uh Mumbai by
Local Marais and this was the whole basis on which uh Regional parties emerged to expel The Outsiders who are these Outsiders these people are not non-indians these people are Indians and so you can see that when we talk about regionalism I I don’t think 7 to 8,000
People who watch our DNS every day none of us have ever been not impacted by regionalism we all have been touched by regionalism might not be in the same sense of severity because regionalism itself has various levels so for example the most uh mild form of
Or you can say Ultra mild form of regionalism would be U for example demanding special treatments in uh for example allocation of funds so if a state is demanding special treatment like special category we’ll call it very very mild form of regionalism but then there are a lot of regions which demand
Separate state but but that separate state within the framework of Indian constitution separate statehood so you have demands like Gorka land uh you have demands like bordo land and not going very uh far in the past you will see that tangana is also a result of a
Regionalism and it is unique because it is not a regionalism which is based on language because the parent state of Andhra Pradesh is also Telugu dominated but rather it is a result of Regional disparity so you have separate statehood but then the worst form when the regionalism takes place or the worst
Manifestation is when the region is utilized to seced to to to get a separate sovereign state away from the state of India and so you have the demand for example in news right now khalistan you have nagaland or the greater nagalim or you have the issue of
Kashmir these are the the the form of regionalism for which the constitution of India has no answer too right so when you look at the regionalism these are the most often uh remembered phenomena associated with the word but as we’ll see it is not always negative it is not always negative
Because uh it has led to the ending of regional disparity reduction of Economic and Regional disparity based on geography so for example when utarak was created it has utarak has the the rate of development of utarak after being separated from the parent state of up has been very drastic similarly jarand
Has done jarand and chattis Gad both have done very well as a region when they uh as compared to when they were a part of a larger state so it is not always negative it has a lot of positive Dimensions also which we’ll see but but first let’s understand what are the
Causes of regionalism what leads people from a region to feel more closely knit together more brotherly and sisterly as compared to people from other region within the same nation and first and foremost is of course geography because geography as much as we would like to negate the idea of environmental
Determinism or geographical determinism it still continues to determines our life choices so for example you can rarely expect at least not in next 50 years people from Himachal Pradesh to share the same food the same cloth as compared to people living in Tamil Nadu and so for a country as geographically diverse as
India from Desert to the high hills to equatorial wet equatorial dry equatorial to coastal regions these differences in geography manifest themselves in uh differences in food food differences in dress differences also in a lot of cases in thought process and this also leads to differences in the kind of Economics
That dominate a particular region for the lack of Industrial Development Himachal Pradesh and uttarakhand in the near future are going to be dependent upon tourism as the main source of income and similarly Gujarat being a coastal region always had the high probability of developing better industrially as compared to a hinterland
State of let’s say uh utar Pradesh and Bihar because they do not have ports and in Era of globalization the port Le development is going to be the first and foremost reckoner of the economic development so one is of course there are there is always going to be a
Certain natural inclination when you have such a wise uh wide range of geographical settings within the country but then these geography also gives rise two differences in ethnicity so you will see that Regional the feeling of regional belongingness on the basis of ethnicity is is very very common and this especially plagues the
States of Northeastern so these different ethnicities uh misos not living in syn with cookies as you can see in the Manipur then they’re not living in sync with uh people from nagaland all of them colliding with Assam religion is also problematic especially when it gets regionally localized concentrated in a part of uh
The country and so you will see that uh Sikhism being dominated and localized uh densely in a state of Punjab has led to the development of khalistan similarly uh one of the reasons could be behind the Kashmir issue is localization of minority so this is also
One of the language and apart from that the basis of regionalism in India has always been language that is the reason that in the course of India’s nationalist movement the congress party first and foremost reorganized its political structure on the basis of language and also promised that the political reorganization will of the
Country will be on the basis of language denied it but then in 1956 when we brought out the sth Constitutional Amendment where the major political reorganization of the country happened it happened on the basis of language and so it legitimized the regionalism on the basis of language
Although it denied the idea of one state one language but nonetheless you will see that most of the major political uh reorganizations or the creation of new states were ALS they always had an uh element of language for example Maharashtra separating from Gujarat creation of Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu language Tamil Karnataka Cana Malayalam Kerala so single state single languages but then they also have a huge number of languages spoken by less number of people also there are historical factors also as much as we would like to believe that India akand bhat India has been a single political
Entity not if you trace the political centralization centralization of political power in India there have been very few instances where there has been a centralized political structure controlling the entirety of the Indian subcontinent so for example if you so for example at the time of Ashoka yes no
One can deny but then it also then again it quickly fizzled out and for a very very long time the political power was controlled by a lot of regional forces then of course sure at the time of Akbar you have a political centralization but then it fizzled away and then 300 down
300 years down the line britishers were to some extent able to create uh capital in Kolkata and were able to command a majority of the Indians of continent now it’s not to say that lack of centralized Authority is problematic but when you don’t have a centralized Authority what
You have is regional powers and when you have Regional Powers you have uh Regional Kings and what you have in form of regional Kings is regional Patron which like to give Pat AG to local art local culture local language which is a beautiful thing which is what leads to
The diversity of India but again it the patronage provided by the local leaders and local Kings gives rise to Unique cultures and these unique culture is what lays the foundation for regionalism but what we are more concerned about is why we are looking at emergence of new and new form of
Regionalism so we could still believe with and we could still live with the ascriptive based regionalism ascriptive means an identity which you can’t change so you’re born into a cast you are born into a religion you can change your religion later on but you are born Hindu you’re born Muslim you’re born Christian
You’re born sik similarly you’re born into a region and you have a mother tongue in which you’re born you can learn multiple languages later on but if you look at recent times those ascriptive identities have not being the basis on which the new and new statehood are being demanded so for
Example when utarak people protested to separate out from up they all had of course they they have garwali Kumi as their language but uh major language is Hindi when jarand wanted to separate from Bihar language was not the basis chtis gar language is not the basis what is the main basis on which
Telangana wanted to separate from from Andra Pradesh despite having the same major language these are not on the basis of religion not on the basis of language maybe some component of ethnicity but major component is what is regional disparities these Regional disparities are in the form of lack of Economic Development so
When utarak was under lnno major fund would be allocated to the Western and Eastern up and barely any amount would used to reach to utarak and so there would always be an infra industrial deficit and so the people would see of other regions in the same state getting benefited from the state government
Directly and they are being left out there has been a difference in the investment in Social policies like health education and this must have been an experience of all of us when we read news paper we see that vidara region of Maharashtra despite having highest number of dams in entire country
In a region is a water deficit region because most of the water is transferred to the uh marathwada region which is prosperous which is the western or the western part of the western carts which house which Harbors most of the important cities similar is the case with Gujarat there are three regions in
In Gujarat one of them outshines the other two so these differences in Regional disparity is what is one of the reasons because of which you would want to have a new state because we’ll see in a while new state gives you power over political process it gives you hand over
Money it gives you a separate Consolidated fund just dedicated to your region apart from that a newly emerged phenomena is the electoral or the political parties which thrive on regionalism or which are localized in a region now uh that is you can say a good as well as the bad manifestation of
Having an electoral politics because in electoral politics especially in a first past the post system you would want to create a political ideology or you want to perpetuate a political ideology which will help you winning the elections by elections now when you you you start a political party and you see there are
Two political parties thriving on National agenda what is it that is left for you so generally it’s a cocktail of the dominant cast of that region and plus the rights of the region and that’s how you have Maharashtra NAA M man or Shiva you have DMK Dam then you have all India THM
Congress for all it can say all India it is basically localized and dominated by Bengali people so you have uh samajwadi party mainly focusing on the rights of up so wherever you go in the country in in in uh Punjab you have shiromar aali Dal just focusing on the causes of sik
Dominant cast in religion and then the rights of Punjab wherever you go across the country you have region-based political parties thriving on region and along along with that associating it with one of the ascriptive identities so these are the causes of regionalism when we talk about the impacts as I said in
The introduction the impacts are not always negative which we’ll cover but since we have talked so negatively about the regionalism it’s also important to talk good things which regionalism has done it has played positive role in nation building especially when a region is recognized and awarded a statehood so think
About think about a person who was uh Afflicted who was conflicted not feeling happy in the state of Bihar and belonging to the region of jarand everyday seeing that most of the loot of so to say loot of uh natural resources of jarand is being spent somewhere else in Bihar and not coming
Back to the place place and certainly you’re recognized as a state Ranchi becomes the capital and or what you’re seeing is that whatever revenues coming from mining is bound to be invested in the same region so what you’re going to do you’re going to love even more Indian
Country Indian nation and that is how if it is suitably accommodated in the political process it definitely uh ingrains the feeling of nationhood and of course when we talk about the regional parties and how Regional parties politicize the concept of region we call it a negative concept but then it strengthens the
Representative democracy because Regional parties are the ones which have the most connect with the people so parties like bsp SP aitc DMK they have a huge connect because they work on ground unlike National parties which might or might not have there is no other option for the regional parties but to have the
Peoples connect and so they it they they are the carriers or entr trenchers or ingrains of the political process and democracy in the country as you can clearly understand that uh regionalism in any form except for secessionism so you will have six schedule more autonomy more Regional Development Special category status
Given to States hilly States and Northeastern states more Regional and ultimately even if they become States they are going going to give rise to the regional uh balanced Regional development and ultimately if you recognize the region and respect it it protects or preserves the social cultural diversity of the country
Correct but it obviously has a lot of negative connotations it it is one of the biggest internal security threats if you see what is happening in Northeast why we are not able to uh remove upsa from Northeast region is the feeling of regionalism and in two three cases that feeling of
Regionalism Rivals the feeling of nationalism to which we don’t have any other option but to use arms uh it perpetuates the politics of vot bank because rather than talking about the administrative effic inefficiencies government deficit corruption lack of investment the political leaders belonging to Regional parties are more
Likely to succumb to just talking about the regional Pride which is again an emotive issue just like national pride it is just a V bank politics it it is not going to eeld any real substantial gain to the people it is hurdle in international de diplomacy so for example the height level of
Regional regionalism leads the state like West Bengal to veto Thea water Accord with uh s Lanka with uh Bangladesh Tamil issue has has always Ed the two main parties a i a DMK and DMK when it comes to our relationship with Sri Lanka so they have guided our relationship with Sri Lanka
Especially in an era where you have a coalition party for all you may want to believe that International relation is an uh is a is a competency of a central government the state governments have guided our foreign policy and it’s not good thing because the state governments are Guided by narrow uh chauvinistic
Agenda of that region and so uh that is the problem apart from that it also negatively impacts economic growth it impacts because heightened feeling of regionalism leads the migrants to leave the place increasing so not a lot of migrants would want to settle down in a place now migrants
Could be skilled unskilled you need both of them in order for the economic growth apart from that in an area where there is a heightened feeling of regionalism generally investors are unwilling so that’s why investors love Cosmopolitan cities Cosmopolitan region which are respective which which are respectful
All to people from all the cultures and societies That’s Why Us is also one of the reasons why us is the most sought after Society across the world because it is also the most tolerant society and regionalism the first thing it deters is the Toleration the Toleration goes down
And that’s when you have red reduction in investment that’s when you have reduction in Kill migration and so all of that follows now being a future aspirants we cannot avoid the way forward part of this coverage now for the lack of time we are not
Going to cover it in the Daily News uh analysis but we want to know from you in the comment section how we can reduce regionalism or at least the negative impacts how it can be uh reduced although we have provided that in the PDF but before reading the PDF think
About how you can uh reduce the feeling of regionalism in the country and let us know in the comment section because if you don’t write you don’t practice writing you are not going to be successful in Mains examination starting with the next topic which is about po
Ization of bureaucracy so you can see in this particular um column which has appeared in today’s the Hindu the center has asked all departments to deploy officers to Showcase its achievements across the country down to Village level uh through Road Show titled as vixit bhat sankalp yatra and it also uh mentions that
Uh the Deputy secretaries will be appointed rat paharis or the Chariots in the change rat prar now remember that people who are being mentioned as rat paharis are not the district president of BJP they are not the Pol they are not the position holders of the political party of BJP
Rather they are the part of the permanent civil service or the bureaucracy and most likely they are IAS officers and here is a problem because of which the Hindu had to use this word the government should desist from politicizing the bureaucracy and that is why it becomes
Important for us to cover this topic politicization of bureaucracy it forms a part of syllabus of GS paper 4 now we have deliberately Not Included the screenshot of the syllabus quite unlikely that we do it but we have done it because we’ll see in a while how politicization of bureaucracy leads to
Compromise in Integrity leads to compromise in objectivity all of that is a problematic and all these words that you see as an impact are a part of your syllabus scattered across GS paper 4 Integrity is a part of syllabus quality of Service delivery nonpartisanship objectivity role of civil service in
Democracy all of that is a part of syllabus and everything is hampered as a result of politicization of bureaucracy so what is politicization of democracy comes later but first you have to understand the Constitutional framework under the bureaucrats and the civil servants act right and so there are two
Articles which are pertinent we’ll see them later first let’s understand that in India in the Constitutional scheme of India president is both the head of the state as well as the head of the executive and article 53 says that President shall exercise his or her executive functions with the help of the
Civil servants so you will have the whole civil servant Machinery group a group b Group C working for the president if you read article 53 this is what it says the executive power of the Union shall be vested in president and shall be exercised by him either directly or through officers
Subordinate to him these are nothing These Are the officers of civil Serv these this is how you create civil service in India now do you think that uh honorable president Dr murmur murmu instructs the civil servants to act in a particular way obviously not because you have another AR article in the Constitution
Which says that the president of India shall act on advice of the Council of ministers headed by prime minister article number 74 sorry Clause one there shall be a council of ministers with the prime minister at the head to Aid and advise the president who shall in the exercise
Of his functions act in accordance with such advance so what happens is that because the president is always except barring to one or two very very uh exceptional circumstances Bound by the aid and advice of Council of ministers and so what essentially you have is civil servants acting on rather than advice orders
Of the Council of ministers headed by prime minister now I’m not saying it’s a good thing I’m not saying it’s a bad thing but here’s a crucial crucial thing that you have to know the civil servants appointment their uh removal their transfer their departments everything is being governed by prime minister
Their performance audit how a particular bureaucrat has performed how well how bad accountability the only mechanism to enforce the accountability of a bureaucrat in India is through the Council of Minister headed by prime minister otherwise there is no uh oversight mechanism over the outcome or output of civil servants otherwise they
Enjoy complete discretionary Powers apart from that they have constitutional immunity provided by the Constitution in form of article 31 is this point making sense on top of that let’s say these things these three things are common for every civil servant apart from that if you have a
Liking for personal gains if you if you if your aim either to begin with OR during the service is personal AG aggrandisement to collect wealth then what happens is that it’s a complete cocktail which is ideal to politicize the bureaucracy now comes to the question what exactly is politicization so politicization can be
Simply defined as bureaucracy as a whole or in general people working as a civil servants influenced by political considerations and not being Guided by values of civil service so for example a non-politicized is Officer when it comes to the implementation of scheme and policy is going to look into
What is the objective what are the rules of allocation of funds and would objectively in a nonp partition manner determine the beneficiary of a scheme whereas a politicized bureaucrat would take the orders from the ministers as to who should be the beneficiary which can ultimately help your world band a non
Politicized election commissioner would look into the violations of model code of conduct in a nonp partition manner whereas a politicized bureaucrat would hold the opposition party members responsible for the violations of model code of conduct whereas would leave or would not issue any notices to the members of ruling
Party and don’t tell me that you haven’t heard about politicized bureaucrats you see the violations of rules and regulation on a day-to-day basis whenever a natural resource has to be allocated they have they have they are generally the bidding process and the whole process of allocation is conducted
By the bureaucrats and that is what formed the basis of 2G and Colgate uh scams they were preferentially because the politicized bureaucrat preferentially allocated the natural resources to the uh people who were favored by the ruling party at that point of time or were a part of
Coalition of the ruling party that’s why Supreme Court cancelled both the location of Co block as well as 2G SP now the question is of course we can go into multi uh an endless rhetoric that’s not the point the point is that if there is a question in the Gs paper 4
How are you going to write the answer and remember that whenever there is a question in Gs paper for ethics you have to you don’t have to go into rhetoric you have to objectively talk about what is the Compromise that a politicized bureaucrat makes both at a personal level as well
As a public at a personal level a politicized bureaucrat compromises his or her own Integrity what is integrity it is a coherence between your thought belief and action you I mean the best example would be Gandhi believed in nonviolence and whenever his movement turned violent he withdraw it best Exemplar of
Integrity if you are a bureaucrat you are politicized you understand of course everyone understand what you what they are doing is wrong but they are still doing it this is how you compromise your integrity once you compromise your integrity it cannot be without compromising empathy feeling associated with others people’s
And pain and if you look at the function of bureaucracy in today’s world it has evolved into so much of Social Development every politicized bureaucrat apart from compromising his or her own Integrity is also declining or diminishing his or her own empathy because when you are overlooking the
Right kind of beneficiaries when you are uh diverting the public resources diverting the ex cheer money for personal gains you know that lacks of people are being hurt and that’s when you know that you have compromis on empathy and that can’t happen if you have compassion towards weaker sections
So you are devoid of compassion you what is compassion compassion is empathy combined with action not only the core value of empathy was compromised but it was compromised to such an extent that despite having the authority to act in favor of vulnerable section you chose to
Act act in favor of wealthy people and nothing can be violative of civil service values than this one and of course impartiality and non-partisanship has been compromised because you are being guided in the delivery of services in the delivery of infrastructure in the delivery of public funds and that’s when
You have compromised the core of Public Service you were there in the civil services to serve the public that is what Civ civil services you were given the authority to help the nation develop but you have ended up utilizing it to personal for personal gains and that is the biggest dilution of the
Purpose for which you were selected for that job and it’s just not at the personal level look at what happens at a public level the objectivity is gone because your beneficiaries are not being chosen in a blind manner on the basis of rules and determined beneficiaries but
On the basis of being Guided by the ruling party also because when the bureaucracy politicized in favor of a ruling party whatever mechanisms of enforcing accountability were there now they have dimin they have evaporated they have evaporated they just fizzled out of the scene because if the bureaucrats are
Politicized in favor of ruling party ruling party was the only mechanism to hold the permanent Civil Service accountable and that accountability mechanism that oversight mechanism has gone and that’s how you get completely unresponsive like a deadwood bureaucracy which is not responsive and that’s the problem of course politicized
Bureaucracy and is obviously is not going to utilize the public funds it is actually going to Mis utilize the public funds and dedication to public service and quality of Service delivery is going to diminish as much right so you can see that it has a an impact on both personal
As well as public level uh I mean going Beyond and explaining these things in detail would take us to the perview of Ethics Foundation classes which is not what is the Mandate for the Daily News simplified but just to give you an idea as to how you can utilize The Words
Which are given each of these words that we have mentioned have been a are the part of GS paper 4 syllabus and that’s how you write answers in the Gs paper 4 now what we can do to uh Ensure that the politicization of bureaucracy if not impossible is made more difficult so you
Have a lot of recommendations open the PDF read it so they might involved uh if a pol for example if a bureaucrat after retirement joins a particular political party their pension should be stopped and so you have different mechanisms you can read them uh download the PDF let’s
Now move on to the next again an interesting article uh which talks about breathless in Mumbai now whenever we talk about air pollution in major cities obviously the first city which comes to our mind is Delhi there are reasons for it and uh rarely we find Mumbai news for the
Worsening air quality or the crisis of Health as a result of worsening air quality not I mean to your surprise in 2015 upsc had asked a question Mumbai Delhi and Kolkata are the three mega cities of the country but the air pollution is much worse much more
Serious problem in Delhi as compared to other two why is this so so you can see that the comparison of the air pollution between Delhi and other mega cities have already been tested apart from that in 2016 this is one of the instances of prelims we have taken but there have
Been three questions talking about the air quality in the cities of our country which among the following atmospheric gases are normally considered in calculating the value of air quality index so obviously carbon dioxide is not one of them carbon monoxide nitrogen you can you know already what is the bis of
So over a period of next 5 to 7 minutes we are going to understand what is it so peculiar about Delhi that it leads to worsening of air quality every year around the same time and what has led to sudden uh decline in the quality of air
In Mumbai so let’s now move on and discuss uh first the causes of air pollution and when we talk about the causes of air pollution I mean you can see that causes of air pollution I mean if we talk about Delhi we talk about Mumbai it’s not going to change much right
Uh for example do you think that vehicular pollution is not the leading cause of uh pollution in Delhi or in Mumbai Industrial effluent industrial emissions are not the reason for uh construction sites are not the major emitters of pm2.5 and waste disposal especially in the form of incinerators where you
Directly burn whatever you have to uh get uh the energy is not the main so the causes of pollution are same both in case of Delhi as well as in case of Mumbai but whenever the winters let’s first discuss Delhi let’s let me change this again uh
Now if you look look at the locations location of Delhi you will see that during the time of October to December it’s it’s the time of retreating Monson right and so when the monsoon is coming over to the Indian Peninsula the wind direction is this when it is
Retreating let me raise this first so that you’re not confused it is this so at this time of is at this period of the year the direction of the wind is northwesterly they are coming from Northwest and so if they are coming from Northwest whatever if fluence being
Emitted in this region will be carried over and so during the month of October is the period when the stubble burning takes place because the kharif crop has already re has been reap and it’s time for them to sew the rabi season and they want to best utilize the
Moisture given to them by Monsoon so that they can reduce the irrigation cost and that is why they immediately want want to get rid of the stubble and so they understand the best way to do it immediately is to just burn it because in one or two days you will you’re going
To get rid of all the problems apart from that this is this time of the year is also the winter season in the winter season what happens the cold get the the the land mask gets cooled very quickly it gets cooled quickly all the air mass in contact with
The land becomes the coldest and so it creates stable situation or what otherwise you must have read in ncrt inversion when the inversion happens whatever land whatever air parcel is in touch with the ground of Delhi remains in touch with the ground of Delhi for a very long time there is no evacuative
Mechanism there is no ventilation that is available and so uh these factors combined produce far worse air quality especially during time of winter but Mumbai has not been uh such if you look at Mumbai especially this is applicable to all the coastal regions because coastal regions what you have is a
Unique fena phenomena of land and sea breezes so for example if this is ocean and this is land during the daytime the land gets heated quickly becomes warmer becomes warmer becomes hotter and so the air is uplifted and the Clean Air from the seaside comes in to replace it so
You have a natural ventilation available for the cities like Mumbai and that’s why despite emitting almost the same amount of emission they are they don’t face the heightened level of air quality or the woren level of air quality but this is change and this is changing now the answer answer to it is
Not clearly available as of now that’s what the editorial says now there are speculations so for example one of the speculation is that lanina has weakened the wind reveral and now the natural ventilation which was earlier available to Mumbai is not available anymore also because of the late withdrawal
Of monsoon there are still anticyclonic climatic conditions which exhibit themselves over Mumbai so what is cyclonic is depression depression is low pressure low pressure means the wind will rise which will provide the natural ventilation anticyclonic means high pressure which means that there is a convergence convergence means wind M the
Parcels of air are coming towards the land creating stable situation so whatever remains there uh remains there for a very long time so that’s why low pressure is very very uh does not allows you to create bad air quality whereas high pressure creates a stable situation and down Welling leads to a stable
Situation and that is what so these are the two hypothesis which are available apart from citing increase in construction activity in the western GS for the increasing but we as of now we are not sure what is the main reason and also we are not sure that this will
Become a major issue throughout the year it will become only if the the bad aqi sustain itself sustains itself for 3 4 months if it goes away next week it’s not going to be an issue and the only question which UPC can again Ask is the relative comparison of delhi’s worsening
Air quality with respect to the other uh two cities last news for today’s coverage it’s already been 1 hour 7 minutes we are going to cover it in 2 to 3 minutes Vienna convention on diplomatic relation 1961 India Canada we see that over the issue of political patronage being
Provided in uh Canada to the supporters of khalistani cause has ruffled the feathers between India and Canada and so we have seen that in last uh four to 5 days India has revoked the immunity which is available which was available to a lot of diplomats and it has ically
Reduce the size of uh the embassy of Canada and Canada has said that this is in strict violation of Vienna convention if you look at this is what we have provided as uh the practice McQ on the basis of coverage uh please go through the McQ which is also given in the PDF
And try to solve it on your own so what is Vienna convention Vienna convention on diplomatic uh relations provides certain kinds of rules to manage diplomatic relations see diplomats are extremely important people uh to carry out International relation and this is something which is
Not new I mean even if you watch uh the period Cinema in olden times also there were diplomats in fact to the extent that you get the reference of immunity provided to diplomats even in Ram so when Hanuman went to Sri Lanka and when rahan ordered him uh to be killed it was
Vibhishan Who quotes something like Vienna convention saying that this person should not be uh killed because he happens to represent the state of aodha so you can see that what is codified in form of Vienna convention is has been in existence for thousands of years from uh you will find its
References in Greek and Roman texts also and so in uh after the creation of United Nations it was felt right to create certain kinds of rules to provide immunity to the diplomats because diplomats work in a very Dynamic situation because the relations between two country might deter very very
Drastically what happening what is happening between India and Canada and in that situation you cannot expect the representative of one state living in the Hostile country of another to function freely and that’s why they created a mechanism of inviability inviability of diplomatic agents you cannot violate either through civilian procedures or through criminal
Procedures a diplomat you cannot violate or a local government cannot violate an area which is declared as an embassy where the Ambassador lives along with his family so local police cannot enter US Embassy without the permission of US ambassador of course and we have seen that this
Kind of immunity has been used utilized by people like Julian Assange they lived in so Julian Assange utilized the immunity to enter into Embassy in London and that’s why he couldn’t be arrested for a very very long time and so they have full freedom of communication and
Couriers so no one is going to stop an ambassador from communicating to his or her own host country or to sending couriers that will not be checked as to what is the material that is being sent by for example Pakistani ambassador to Islamabad also exemption from personal and civil criminal jurisdiction as we
Have seen so that they can function without fear or threat there is a hierarchy of immunity which is available so you must have heard terms like embassy consulate so for example America has USA has Embassy in New Delhi chanakyapuri but it has consulates in Kolkata it has consulates in Bangalore
Chennai Mumbai and Hyderabad so these are consulates they they are inferior to Embassy so the immunity is available mainly to the Ambassador and the embassy and not to the consulates there are certain level of unities but they are very diluted and as far as the expiration of immunity is concerned
It the immunity can be taken away from the host country so if the host country issues a notification that a person a is no more our ambassador as soon as the notification is issued the immunity ends or what India has done not what India has done right now is that
Once the host country declares a particular Ambassador as a persona non grata which is in English you can say unwanted person so for example if tomorrow India says that the Canadian Ambassador is Persona non- Greta in India it is now the duty of the Canada to call back that Ambassador if Canada
Does not calls back that Ambassador even after such a declaration by host country then the immunity expires because now the host country will say we already told you that this is an unwanted person but now you are perpetuating with the same person and now we are not bound
This is provided in the VNA convention now what the problem Canada is raised is that article 11.1 says that in the absence of specific agreement as to the size of mission the receiving state in this case India may require that the size of mission be kept within the limits considered by it by
India to be reasonable or normal so when India reduced the size of the embassy of Canada Canada said that it is a violation of Vienna convention India said that look at article 11.1 it has said that the host country will determine what can be the appropriate
Size of of the embassy and can declare that name and you have to be bound by it so it’s not a violation of Vienna convention not to say that it has further led to the deteriation of the relation between India and Canada so this brings us to the end of today’s
Daily News simplified I’ll be taking uh some of the doubts that you might have I’ll wait for one or two minutes so if in case you have any doubt please ask uh or otherwise we are going to end the session and we are going to meet tomorrow at the same time with uh
Tomorrow’s daily news simplified video so let me just open up all right so if there are no more doubts we’ll end the session uh I would request you to please like the video share the channel subscribe to it and uh so that we feel incouraged to keep on uh
Providing you uh the highest quality current affairs analysis every day thank you so much
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