Hello everyone welcome to lukman today we are going to have the Hindu newspaper analysis dated 15th of January 2024 in today’s newspaper analysis we are going to cover the most important articles from the newspaper from the upsc point of view and apart from this we are going to cover a mapping related
Topic and this topic will help you to solve mapping related question question in the prelims exam so let us quickly see the list of articles that we have selected for covering in today’s newspaper analysis so in all we are going to cover 10 topics out of them one
Will be the mapping related topic so let us quickly see the first topic name of this topic is Mount marapi why Mount marapi is in news it is in news because recently there was a volcanic eruption okay volcanic eruption has happened in Mount marapi so so we need to understand
Where is this Mount merapi located right so this is a topic which is from the point of view of places in news so this particular Mount marapi is in news it is there in today’s newspaper itself so let us see the location of Mount mapi so Mount merapi this is the location of
Mapi so it is in the Java Island okay Javan Island so this is in Indonesia so where is it it is in Indonesia so let us quickly see the uh another map right another map so this particular map will give you a broader picture because here we not only
Have the map of Indonesia but we also have map of other countries for example Malaysia and here we have brune we have let’s say like you know some other regions as well so where is Mount mapi located this is the location of Mount merapi okay so what you need to do you
Need to remember that mount mapi is a place which is located in in Indonesia and here there has been a volcanic eruption means it is an active volcano so whenever you are reading geography you need to understand about land forms of different types you need to understand about geophysical phenomena
Like volcano earthquake tsunami Etc so whenever there is any volcanic eruption you need to understand where is it happening you need to remember the location apart from this you need to learn about different types of volcanoes for example we have volcanos we have dorant volcanoes you need to understand
About the cross-section of volcano means like know where is the crater located right what is magma right magma which comes out of the volcano right and if you talk about this Indonesia this particular location lies in the right Pacific Ring of Fire the Pacific Ring of
Fire is considered to be a place where lot of geophysical phenomena keep on happening including Volcan volcanic activity earthquake related events why it is because like here we have the plate margins or plate boundaries the plate boundaries lies between different type of plates so the thing is here we have
Let’s say divergent plate boundaries we have convergent plate boundaries and we also have transformed plate boundaries and since let’s say these continental plates or oceanic plates are moving uh relative to one another so that’s why these kind of activity keep on happening so here here what you need to remember
You need to remember the location of Mount merapi okay so having understood this topic let us quickly move to the first topic uh from the newspaper articles so this is the first topic it says a speaker’s flawed move to determine the real faction so in this article we will understand about the
Concept of defection which is let’s say studied under the Indian poity section okay so let us uh write down this particular topic toic this is topic number one for us name of the topic is I [Applause] speakers as speakers flawed move to determine the real faction move move to determine the real
Faction so what are the issues that we are going to understand through this article we will understand about the concept of defection we will understand about anti-defection law we will understand the 10th schedule of the Constitution of India and we will understand about the recent incidents which has happened in the state of
Maharashtra related to let’s say like you know disqualification of members and creation of new factions in the government so let us understand what what is the issue all about right so what is the issue so to understand the context right to understand the context we need to understand the State
Legislative Assembly of the state of Maharashtra right of the state of Maharashtra so what has happened in the state of Maharashtra basically in Maharashtra there is a ship SAA right shipa is a political party so it was ruling in the state of Maharashtra but what has happened there has been an
Internal division in ship SAA okay so it has led to emergence of two different factions one of the faction which is led by udhav takre right one of them is led by UD udhav takre and another is led by the present chief minister of the like of
The state of Maharashtra which is led by akat shinde okay who is leading this faction it is leading leaded by akat shinde okay so earlier there was ship Sena a political party it was headed by udhav takre but later on out of this particular political party some people
Have gone out and then they have joined the faction which is led by akat shindi and this has led to the controversy this has led to the debate related to defection okay so we are going to understand what do we mean by defection are there any protection related to
Defection in the constitution of India so what do we mean by defection when we talk about defection it means a person let’s let’s consider there is a uh there is a member of parliament or a member of the State Legislative Assembly there’s a member there can be one member or there
Can be multiple members if they move from party one to party two right after joining the political party after winning the election let’s say this particular person has won the election by taking the seat of party one and then after winning the election if this person joins party two this amounts to
Defection okay this amounts to defection and defection may happen because of multiple reasons what are the reasons joining a political party like contesting election using the ticket of a political party then joining another political party this constitutes defection and also winning the election as an independent member but after
Winning the election then if they join any political party that also constitutes defection apart from this if let’s say in the State Legislative Assembly or in the parliament of India what happens if the ruling party gives a mandate that like you know we need vote we need support from all our
Legislatures and the party issues whip what part party issues something which is known as whip right whip means a mandate that the members of this particular party the member of our political party should vote in support or against this particular bill so the thing is all the members are supposed to
Let’s vote according to the whip of the political party but the thing is if a member does not vote in accordance with the whip in accordance with the Mandate that is set by the political party that constitutes faction so in that case also the political party may ask the speaker
Of the State Legislative Assembly or speaker of the Lo SAA in case of parliament to let’s say like you know like this uh to actually like you know to actually issue anti-defection law against that person and after issuing anti-defection law that person may be disqualified okay so this is known as
Defection so having understood the meaning of defection are are there any protection in the constitution of India yes there are protection in the constitution of India and these protections are given under the 10th shedule of the Constitution of India okay in the constitution of India we have 10th schedule in the the 10th
Schedule is also known as anti-defection law the 10th schedule is also known as anti-defection law and so any like in any case whenever there happens to be a defection so the thing is the speaker of the State Legislative Assembly or the speaker of Lo saaba has to take a
Decision in that regard okay so speaker is the authority speaker is the authority who is authorized under the 10 schedule to take a decision related to disqualification of a member who has defected from his own political party okay so the thing is recently what has happened as we discussed initially in
The Maharashtra right Shi sha was there but within Shi sha there has been factions created one faction is led by udhav takre other is led by akat shind so earlier udav takre let’s say was leading the faction these people let’s say akat shind and many members of the
Political party they have gone to some other state to be specific they have gone to the state of Assam they have met in a hotel there and they have decided that they are going to create another faction and they will support akat shind and then akat shind came into power so
He had the majority support he came into Power he became the chief minister of the state of Maharashtra after he became the chief minister of the state of Maharashtra so the thing is the udhav takre section they have approached the speaker to take a decision whe related
To defection of these members but the speaker has not taken a decision for a long period of time right so because of inaction of the speaker the udhav takre faction they have approached the Supreme Court of India to take a decision right so Supreme Court of India has let’s say
Directed the speaker of the State Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra to take a decision related to the defection related cases at the earliest and recently what has happened the speaker of the State Legislative Assembly of Maharashtra has taken a decision that the akat shind like you know the faction
That is headed by akat shinde constitutes the real ship SAA right so the speaker has decided that you know the faction that is headed by akat shind constitutes the real ship SAA and in this article the author is criticizing the decision of the speaker author says
That like you know it is not the prerogative of the speaker to take a decision in this regard this should be taken this decision should be taken by the election commission of India why Election Commission of India because in the election commission of India so like
You know we do have an act in India that talks about let’s say representation of people’s act and Election Commission of India issues symbols to political parties so the election commission of India should take a decision in this regard and author is saying since the speaker has taken a decision in this
Regard and this decision is flawed because it is not based on the Constitutional Norms it is not backed by any statutary Authority it is not backed by any statutary law this is the thing apart from this here in this article the author has mentioned about two case laws
Okay we are going to discuss about those case laws right author has discussed about two case laws what are those case laws so the first case law is related to rajendra Prasad Rana versus Swami Prasad morya in 2017 okay the first case law is related to rajendra Prasad Rana
Versus Swami Prasad Moria okay Swami Prasad Moria in the year of 2007 this case law is very very important why this case law is very important because in this particular case law the Supreme Court of India has let’s say like you know uh given a verdict and in that verdict of the
Supreme Court of India the Supreme Court of India made it clear that whenever some people from One political party right they go like you know they join together they go and they meet the governor to create let’s say like you know to create another government in the state by breaking the already existing
Uh let’s say political party so that constitutes defection and to be exact in this article the Supreme like in this case the Supreme Court said that when a when a member or a group of members of the ruling party join hands with the opposition party and meet the Governor
Along with the members of the opposition and try to form a alternative government they can be said to have voluntarily given up the membership of their original party okay so they have voluntarily given up the membership of their original party and according to this it constitutes defection it constitutes defection and since it
Constitutes defection so anti-defection law must be invoked okay anti-defection law must be invoked and the people who have voluntarily given up the membership of their own political party these people must be disqualified okay these people must be disqualified so this is what the Supreme Court of India has talked in this
Particular case which is rajendra Prasad Rana versus Swami Prasad morya apart from this in this article the author has discussed about another case law what is that case law author discussed about subash Desai versus principal secretary okay so I’m going to write down the second case law over here which is case
Law number two the uh second case law is subash Desai versus principal secretary subash Desai versus principal subash Desai versus principal secretary governor of governor of Maharashtra and others comma governor of Maharashtra and others this is a very new case law 2023 in this particular case law the
Supreme Court observes that a split has taken place in ship Sena and thus the two factions have come into existence so in this particular case the Supreme Court of India has observed that the thing is like you know there has been a split in ship SAA okay there has been a
Split in the ship SAA right and two fa factions came into being what are those two factions one of the faction is headed or led by right one of the faction is headed or led by akat shind and other of other faction is headed or led by the udhav takre okay but the
Thing is when we talk about split the case of split is mentioned in the 10th schedule of the Constitution of India which schedule it is mentioned in the 10th schedule of the Constitution of India so it was in the original 10th schedule so now the 10th schedule has
Been let’s say um amended in the original 10 schedule there has been two Clauses one of the Clause that talked about that if onethird of the member right from a political party they move right from a political party P1 move to political party P2 so the thing is it
Constitutes mass movement of people so this does not attract right it does not attract anti-defection it does not attract anti-defection right but the thing is this section from the 10th schedule of the Constitution of India has been already repealed okay so author says that although Supreme Court
Of India has observed that you know there has been a split in ship Sena but that split cannot be taken as a Kind of Rescue measure because this particular section no longer holds legal because this has been repealed right this has been let’s say amended amended in in the
10th schedule there has been an amendment apart from this people could let’s say like you know seek some savior from the let’s say disqualification under this particular 10 schedule in the original original 10 schedule that said the legislatures the legislators party merges with another party and not less than 2/3 of the
Member agree to merge and walk out of the original party means let’s say there is an original party P1 from this party to 2 third of the member right go to Marge I mean like two two3 at least 2/3 of P1 member merges with P2 so this is
Known as merger of political parties Whenever there are mergers of the political party what happens anti-defection law is not attracted if anti-defection law is not attracted what will happen the people will not be disqualified so earlier those people who were defecting from their original party they could seek some kind of let’s say
Rescue from these things but like you know the first one has already been like already be been amended in the 10th schule of the Constitution of India and now this section no longer holds true so finally author says that in the ship Sena case in Maharashtra the question as
To which faction is the real party cannot be decided by the speaker as the 10 schedule does not require him to decide this so the 10th schedule does not require the speaker to decide which faction constitutes the original political party this particular decision has to be left with the election
Commission of India okay so this is what the author is talking about in this article so what we have learned in this article we have learned about what do we mean by defection we have learned about the 10th schedule of the Constitution of India we have understood about anti-defection law we have understood
That the speaker is the final authority to take a decision related to anti-defection disqualification of members from the right disqualification of members from the State Legislative Assembly or from the par from the parliament this is the thing apart from this this is the recent case right here
PDT achari so this person has taken a like you know he has been a uh for Secretary General of Lo SAA he has given his let’s say like understanding he talked about like what should be the what should be done in this case right
So this is the thing so with this Let Us Now quickly move to another article this article is again very important it says the delusion of eliminating the last terrorist okay the delusion of eliminating the last terrorist this is again a very important article this is topic number two the delusion of eliminating
The last terrorist okay so basically why we are reading this article this article is important under internal security so in the Gs paper 3 of the main exam we have have a topic which is internal security okay it is part of GS paper 3 and here in this
Article we are going to learn about uh let’s say a state which was earlier known as the state of Jammu and Kashmir but the thing is this state of Jammu and Kashmir has been what has happened it has been converted into two union territories so one of the union
Territories known as the union territory of ladak UT of ladak and another is known as the UT Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir so basically in this article the author has taken a Viewpoint related to elimination of last terrorist so who are considered to be terrorist those people
Who are working against the government establishment those people who want to let’s say like you know create uh those people who want to take away Jammu and Kashmir from India so they are considered to be let’s say terrorist but here the terrorist that we are talking
About they are the people who have been residing in Jammu and Kashmir and recently what has happened recently let’s say like you know one of the influential person from the uh like from the Army what they have said they have said that basically they have killed huge number of they have killed huge
Number of terrorist in this region okay they have killed huge number of terrorist in this region in the union territory of Jammu and Kashmir so when we talk about killing of a huge number of people in Jammu and Kashmir by labeling them as terrorist is not right
Here the author is saying that now Jammu and Kashmir has shifted I mean like you know earlier when we talk about 1990s there have been Insurgent activities in Jammu and Kashmir there have been people right who were protesting against the government they were picking arms they have killed many security personnels
They have let’s say caused Terror among the security establishments but the thing is now what has happened after the creation of the Union territory of Jammu and Kashmir we have deployed huge number of Army personnels and recently there has been an attack also and this terrorist strike has happened in rajor
Punch District in daaki Gali okay in Jammu and Kashmir and after this what has happened the director director general of police in Jammu and Kashmir has briefed to to the media that in 2023 they have killed huge number of terrorists but author is saying that killing terrorists is not the solution
What we need to do we need to strengthen our army personels we need to strengthen our security apparatus we need to try to bring normaly in the region okay and that will solve the problem in this region for a longer time to come killing and counter killing will not work here
The author says that neutralizing terrorist is a crucial objective of the security operations but it is but it ought not to become the overriding factor in the context of there being lower Terror indices okay basically this is in this article they say that like you know killing the terrorist is not
The solution we need to conduct those operations that neutralizes the terror outfits right we need to identify the heads of the terror organizations we need to arrest them so the thing is the terror outfits are neutralized only then we will be able to have effective control right we will be having proper
Law and Order in these regions okay so this is just a internal security related Topic in this topic much thing has not been discussed but they have discussed about the terrorist strike that has happened in pun why it was important because I think two security personels have been killed and in return security
Personals have killed three civilians and because of which like people have started protesting against the security personels in that region okay so this is the topic with this let us now move to another article it says uh closure to closure this is again a topic related to
Uh like you know internal security we are going to be quick in understanding this topic this is topic number three closer to closure okay so there is a difference in the meaning of these two word closer means being near closure means closing something okay that’s the difference so
Here basically they are talking about a professor okay in this article they talking about a professor so what has happened long back this particular Professor has set a question paper Okay this particular Professor has at a question paper in a college and this question paper was influenced by some media articles and
There in the question paper this professor has I mean like you know talked about a particular religion okay this professor has talked about let’s say in this question in that question they have let’s say mentioned about a particular religion in a different way so later on what has
Happened hand one hand of the professor was ch chopped off by a person and the person who has chopped off the hand of the professor that person was not individual he was supported by an organization right he was supported by an organization by an outfit and name of
The outfit is mentioned in this article which is known as popular front of India okay name of the outfit is known as popular front of India so this popular front of India is in short known as p f i it has been disbanded by the government of India
Government of India has labeled this particular organization as a terror outfit why because they were involved in some kind of activities which are illegal that’s the thing and it has been around 13 years that this particular Professor could not get any justice right and recently the national investigating agency they have arrested
About uh 19 people and they have arrested arrested the mean culprit who has chopped off the hand of this professor okay so the thing is like these people are being tried and that’s why in this article they say that Terror networks can be dismantled only by dis
Disabling those at their top so those people who are at the top of the terror outfits like popular front of India and before popular front of India there was another organization that has let’s say turned into the popular front of India and in this article the like author has
Mentioned about let’s say a book or a memoir that was written by this professor it is known as a Thousand Cuts okay so this professor has written a memoir about his A Thousand Cuts he has written it in the year of 2020 so basically what has happened after this professor has let’s
Say like you know created this question paper he was removed from the college he lost his job and after then his wife could not take it much his wife also committed suicide so the thing is he lost his job his wife committed suicide he lost his one hand so the thing is
Recently the national investigating agency have arrested 19 people including the person who has committed this crime okay against the professor so that’s why this topic is in news with this we have another article this article says proh itive gains this is a very short article here they talk about Rising food prices
May affect already weak consumption of goods okay so here we are talking about inflation and inflation is headline inflation so inflation what do we mean by inflation whenever the general price of goods and services increases over a period of time that is known as inflation and if the price of goods and
Services increase increases related to food or oil they create head headlines in the newspaper so that is known as headline inflation and whenever inflation happens the purchasing power of currency purchasing power of money reduces okay purchasing power of money reduces that’s the thing so in this article they have talked about few index
Indexes one of the index index is known as Consumer Price Index other is known as the food price index so what has happened the Consumer Price Index and the food price index has increased so they say the price of food food commodities are increasing since price of food commodities are increasing what
Will happen people will not be able to afford food much and the thing is apart from this article recently there has been let’s say like you know reports International reports that talked about in South Asia there are eight countries including India 72% of the population in South Asia could not afford a healthy
Diet for themselves and if price of food increases it’s going to create problem right it’s going to create problem so in this article author says that Rising food prices may affect already weak consumption of goods means consumption of good is already weak right in the economy we do have let’s say like you
Know people producing Goods but lesser consumption is happening so Goods May perish right and if the price of food increases so the so the thing is it is going to affect already weak consumption of let’s say Goods that’s the thing so this is related to economy here the Department of Consumer Affairs has
Talked about let’s say like you know why there has been an increase in the price of food items and all so this is just a commentary on the recent happenings okay this is the thing so now let us move to another article in this article they talk about regulating India’s online gaming
Industry okay regulating India’s online gaming industry so let us discuss about online game okay so here this article is little important for us because it has been in news in multiple times okay this is another topic that we are going to discuss name of the topic is regulating India’s online gaming industry Regulating India’s online gaming industry so let’s discuss about it when we talk about online games right when we talk about online games so in general in general games can be can be cat cized into different types how we can categorize games one of the game can be considered to
Be game of skill okay one of the game is known as game of skill and another game can be known as game of chance okay game of skill and game of chance so what is the difference between game of skill and game of chance in Game
Of skill it depends on the skill of the player that how means like what is the probability that that player is going to win means if you have a skill if you have learned that game if you have practiced well you’re going to win and
If in case of game of chance your skill does not matter much right your skill does not matter much and most of the online games come under the game of chance category okay most of the online game come under game of chance and the thing is the government of India has
Created certain legislation certain rule to regulate the game of fiscal as well as game of charms and batting is prohibited in most of the games but the thing is betting related activities are regulated by different state governments in India right so some states allow betting to happen in gamees some states
Do not allow it so it is a State subject in the constitution of India it is mentioned in list two of the seven schedule of the Constitution of India so in this article they have talked about regulating India’s online gaming industry why it is important to regulate
Online gaming industry it is because of multiple factors so the thing is online games are being played by huge number of kids in the country there are some games that are addictive in nature and since games are addictive in nature a huge amount of time is consumed of these kids
And these kids are the future of the country so it is important that we should regulate how these games are operating we should also regulate the content of these games I mean like you know what are these games are these games creating some kind of mental
Stress to the kids there have been games that are in news that games actually in Insight or entice kids to commit suicide to do some activities okay such games have been there they have been banned so in this article they have talked about why we need to regulate the games online
Games in India and what is the status of regulation of games in the country okay so finally in this article author says the meteoric rise of online gaming has brought with it an array of concern such as addiction mental illness suicide Financial frauds privacy and data security concerns so to address all
These problems we need to go for Effective regulation of the game right of the online games in the country so with this we have another article very short article it says status of Medical Care on India’s trains okay so generally what happens like in India trains are
Considered to be the lifeline of the country why because through trains huge number of people commute from one state to another state and it let’s say Fosters the spirit of Brotherhood it Fosters the spirit of Fraternity in the country and when we talk about the passenger trains in the country huge
Number of passengers let’s say like you know board on different Bogies there are general b also where huge number of people bored over there some people are unhealthy they also bored over there they might be having some disease they might be having some preh health conditions so the thing is do we have
Any first aid kids in these trains and what safety measures are taken by the trains so do we have any let’s say like you know Medical Care on the trains for the passengers who are boarded on the train it’s not only about the train meeting an accident after a train meets
And accident there there should be Emergency Care there should be some steps taken by the authorities right in that regard but the thing is in this article they have talked about they have basically discussed about that like you know what are the steps that have been taken by the government in this regard
How are we making our trains travel safer so Medical Care Provisions in Indian Railway need to address emergency medical conditions and not accident related emergencies alone so as of now what is happening many of times trains meet with one or other kind of accidents so there let’s say like you know the
Government of India has created certain Provisions certain Norms how we can let’s say provide uh let’s say accident related uh let’s say emergency cure for people but in this article they say like you know not only accident related emergencies must be addressed but also in general health conditions of patients
Must be taken care of in the uh in the the trains okay so there should be Medical Supply there should be firsted kids in the train okay that’s the thing so lot of let’s say like you know lot of details are mentioned in your free time
You can learn about this then we have another article it says Fredrick X ascends the throne in Denmark so when we talk about Denmark Denmark is a Scandinavian country it is also known as Nordic country okay so Denmark is one of the Nordic country and here this country is ruled by Monarch it
Is ruled by kings and queens so earlier Queen Mar margarth Queen margarth she is the lady who is now around 82 years old she was ruling this particular country Denmark right and recently she has decided to resign from her post recently she has decided to abdicate from her
Post okay so the thing is she is the second Monarch right in Denmark to have renounced his or her position as the ruler of the country and she has done it after about let’s say 7 decades I mean uh sorry 700 years last time that that a
Ruler has resigned or let’s say left his or her position was in 1146 now in 20123 queen queen margarth has renounced her position she has decided to let’s say like you know step down for her from her position and now her son this particular person has like his name
Is Frederick Frederick 10 he is now becoming the king of Denmark okay so this is just a news item but you need to understand where is Denmark located right location of Denmark and other Scandinavian countries in this region so with this let us now quickly understand another article that we have
Disc discussed in the beginning itself right so we have discussed about Mount marapi where there has been a let’s say volcanic eruption okay there has been a volcanic eruption so where is Mount mapi located it is located in let’s say Indonesia right it is located on the
Javan Island so this is the news item for which we have discussed the let’s say like you know article in detail means like we have discussed the mapping Topic in detail so indan Indonesia’s Mount mapi erupts more than 150 people evacuated so this is let’s say one of
The volcano has erupted so this is an active volcano we discussed about it in the beginning of today’s discussion itself now we have another article it says all remaining hostages seized in eador prison riots freed so the thing is Ecuador this is the location of Ecuador
So Ecuador is a country in South America South America is also known as in America in Latin America or in South America we have 12 independent countries right we have 12 let’s say Sovereign countries and we do have our territory which is uh let’s administered by France
It is known as French gyana so the thing is Ecuador is a country which is located to the west side of South America Northwestern side of South America what has happened here recently the president of Ecuador has taken a decision to let’s say like you know come down heavily on
All gangs all armed groups all Insurgent groups all the gangs in the country so after that what has happened many inmates in the prisons so many prisoners who were there right those inmates has let’s say like you know conducted a seize conducted an attack they have taken hostages huge number of people
Right you know all the prison officials the people who are working in the prison the authorities they were taken hostages by the inmates in that prison so recently what has happened all remaining hostages the hostages who were uh let’s say like hostages means those people who
Are kidnapped who are let’s say like you know taken control of who are detained and host like you know hostage taking was done by the prison prisoners those people who are in jail right so they have recently released the hostages all remaining hostages seized in Equador prison riots freed okay so these like
All people around 136 people they were taken hostage so they have been freed so it created international news so that’s why we discussed it is also important that you understand the location of Equador okay recently from South America some countries were in news what are those countries Argentina was in news
Because presidential election happened and the the president who came into power in Argentina he is a self-proclaimed right anarco capitalist okay he has decided to do away with the Argentinian peso he has decided to let’s say like you know do away with uh 10 Ministries out of 18 Ministries he has
Do uh decided to go for dollarization of the economy that’s why it is it was in news then Argentina Chile and Bolivia these three countries are known as lithium triangle okay it they were also in news apart from this Venezuela and Guyana they are in news because of a
Region which is known as ESO region esba region is located in Guyana it is a oil Rich region because of which let’s say Venezuela is eyeing on capturing this particular oil Rich region in Guyana so that’s why also it is in news so they are uh let’s say like you know South
America has been in news related to many things okay that’s the thing so that’s all from my side for the day thank you so much everyone for attending today’s session I hope you have a good day ahead thank you any questions no question
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