So let’s start with the topic Preamble Preble to the Constitution it’s very important for upsc civil services examination in all these segments whether it be the prelims exams main exams or be it the interview if you can look to the prelims examination every year around 10 to 15
Questions come from polity Indian polity in Mains examination The Core Concepts which are mentioned in Preamble such as the the nature of the state the core constitutional Concepts such as Liberty equality fraternity upsc keep asking questions around these topic for example it asked that in the light of Preamble
Explain the recent supreme court judgment on right to privacy so until and unless you know what is written in the Constitution what does those terminologies which are used so socialist Sovereign secular Democratic Republic until and unless you know the real meaning of those terms you will not
Be able to answer properly in the mains examination now in interview they try to know how much depth you have regarding the Constitutional issues in that it is very important to mention Preamble wherever you found because see the basic thing is if you see the Constitution the whole Constitution and each and every
Provision not only the philosophical part uh which contains the fundamental right dpsp fundamental duties not only this part if you’ll see all the provisions whether it be the special Provisions for several States whether it be the special Provisions for the administration of scheduled areas uh the other kind of areas tribal
Areas whether it be election commission whether it be the amendment all are based in the Preamble now we are going to form a link how for example Election Commission is linked with Preamble what is the duty of Election Commission to conduct transparent election within the country until and unless we have a a
Election Commission which conducts the transparent election in the country do you really think the ideals of democracy and Republic can be achieved democracy and Republic shows the nature of the state Indian state is a democratic State Indian state is a Republican state that means the head of the government in
India is a elected representative of the people it’s not monarchial democracy where we have a hereditary King but we have a president who is elected by the member of the parliaments and the members of the legislative assemblies these member of parliaments and the members of the legislative ative
Assemblies are elected by the people so in turn who becomes The Sovereign in India people are sovereign who elects their government who in turn elects their president the head of the state so this function of election is looked after by Election Commission so what I mean to say here is
Every provision of the Constitution is linked with Preamble not only the fundamental rights and the director princip principles so Preamble becomes a very important issue for you to understand in your daily life not only for the from the perspective of the examination but if you look from the perspective of the examination again
Prelims and Mains exams contain a lot of questions which you can directly address by mentioning Preamble or can solve the objective type answers if you have the knowledge on Preamble so preamble if you try to understand this what what is Preamble is it the part of the
Constitution or not the part of the Constitution this this is the first question so over the period of time Supreme Court in its judgment many times have said that this Preamble is very much the integral part of the Constitution it cannot be separated it is the integral part of the Constitution
This is the first thing second thing which comes up if this is the integral part what does it contain cont so it has several things according to few political scientists it is the identity card of the Constitution it is the ID identity card of the Constitution this identity
Card tells about the nature of the state nature of State what is the nature of Indian state it is Sovereign it is socialist secular Democratic Republic it is not monarchial it is Republic it is democratic India has been a secular country from a long time but 42nd Constitutional Amendment act in 1976 has
Added the word secular to make this concept explicit it was simplic it our country from a long time was a secular country and it is surrounded by all the countries if you see Pakistan if you see Bangladesh if you see myamar or if you see uh Nepal and Sri Lanka all have
Their official uh religions state have the official religion it is only India which is secular in this region exle H even from that time India is secular from suam literature time it is secular so what is wrong in explicitly mentioning in the Preble there’s nothing wrong so by 42nd Constitutional
Amendment act 1976 this word the addition of the word secular was made expressive so this tells about the nature of the state Indian state is socialist in nature secular in nature we are not capitalist economy we are socialist economy there’s a huge difference between the capitalist market
And and the Socialist market India is a welfare state so first thing what does an identity card tells you tells you about the name what is your name second thing it tells you about the position you hold in the company third thing very important it tells about from which company do you
Belong so it gives the basic information of what you are sometimes it happens no your ID card is found somewhere on the road even if you are not there somebody picks that ID card just by looking at your name or the company’s name if he’s willing he is going to deliver that ID
Card to the right place that is the thing just by looking at the Preamble you can tell what the constitution of the country contains so it contains the first thing nature of the state second thing the core constitutional value core constitutional values what are the core constitutional values Indian poity Indian
Democracy Indian state is based on the concepts of natural Justice every human being here has been provided with several constitutional and human values which are Justice Liberty equality and fraternity these becomes the core constitutional values what kind kind of Justice do we have we have social economic political what kind of Liberty
Do we have Liberty of thought Liberty of expression Liberty of faith belief and worship so we’ll see these uh elements in detail in the coming time then the third element what the the identity card to the Constitution tells about is the date of in M what does the word enactment means
Enactment means to pass any law what is the date of enactment of the Constitution it is the 26th of November 1949 on the day 26th of November 1949 if you read the Constitution and if you study it properly it is written that on this day of 26th of November 1949 we do
Hear by adopt enact and give to ourselves this constitution adopt enact and give to ourselves what is the date of enforcement of the Constitution that is different the Constitution was enforced on 26th of January 1950 but it was adopted enacted and enforced or sorry uh given to
Ourselves on 26 sixth day of November of the Year 1949 what does the mean meaning of the word inact means here to pass a law that simply means we had a constitution and now we are passing it as a law there is the organic law of the land
On this day of the 26th of November 1949 we are making it as the primary the fundamental and the organic law of the land from 1949 till 1950 26 of January we just waited for the Constitution to be enforced so the date of enactment is given and the most important
Thing the source of power from where the Constitution drives the power is the presedent the most powerful Authority in India or the prime minister or the local pchat surp who is the most prominent Sovereign Authority in India if you see the concept in England they have a hereditary system of parliament which is
Called as the monarchal Democracy they have a monarchal democracy so the head of the state in Britain is the king or the queen whatever it may be so in a polity like England what becomes The Sovereign power it is the parliament of Britain which is Sovereign but in India neither the
Parliament nor the Judiciary nor the executive nor the president nobody is Sovereign but it is the people of India who are sovereign so The Sovereign power in India is the people and from here we drive the whole power now how is it proved in the Constitution
How is it proved in the Preamble look at the initial words we the people of India here do Solomon resolve to constitute India into a sovereign socialist secular Democratic Republic and to uphold the core constitutional values and the ideals of Justice Liberty equality and fraternity and on this day
Of 26th of November 1949 again adopt enact and give to ourselves give to ourselves look at we the people of India give this constitution to ourselves what does it prove it proves that the source of Power are nobody but the people so the source of power in the
Indian constitution are people these are the one who elect the government these are the one who run the country we the people of India similarly if you see and if we compare Indian Preamble with the preamble to the Constitution of the United State it starts with the same wordings we the
People of the United States but Indian Preamble is quite exhaustive it it talks about too many things core constitutional values are discussed in detail social economic political Liberty means thought expression belief but if you see the Constitution of the United States let us just see what they have written people of the
USA they say we are going to come together for common defense common defense of the country for the welfare of the country for liberty for tranquility these are the things they are mentioning but they are missing on one and also Justice liberty and justice welfare for common defense and
Also to make the union stronger Union stronger but they miss out on one thing equality now this was made in 1774 in Philadelphia in 1774 slavery was prevalent in the United States and if they write the word equality in the Preamble the whole Preble will shutter so they is escaped
The word equality but the recent judgments when uh the slavery was abolished in the United States and after that the word equality has being the core fundamental value of the United State Constitution also and it is a big mov in the United State to give rights uh we have this concept of equal
Protection of law which is coming from the United States the affirmative actions uh given to the downtrodden in United States the downtrod are the blacks and the native people and the red people similarly in India they are different we have cast differences we have differences based on gender and communities different sections and
Factions so as per the history of the land the Constitution is made at that point in time it was necessary for the United States to create a stronger Union they wanted to fight against Britain and become a stronger Union within themselves because their Poli is bit different from Indian
Poity so no need to discuss the Preamble of the United State but the only thing is they just mention these few ideas in a paragraph whereas Indian uh Constitution the preamble to the Indian constitution is bit exhaustive it talks about many things so we have already seen what is
The source of power in India it is the people let us look at the nature of State what is the nature of State in India it is Sovereign it is socialist secular Democratic Republic this is the nature of State in India Indian state is Sovereign so what do we understand by the concept
Sovereignity in plain simple language sovereignity is the ability of the country to conduct its own business without being pressurized by any external force that means if Indian Parliament has to pass any law on whatever subject it can pass without being pressurized by any external force India has been subjugated by the British
Rule for for about 200 years and after that when we have made our own Constitution it was necessary to emphasize on the word sovereignity that we are not now subjugated this constitution is not a gift given to us by the British Parliament or the British people like
The earlier acts of 1935 government of India Act of 1919 and the council acts and the charter acts in which they used to expand the union and give several rights to the Indian they were the they were considered as gifts given by the British Parliament but now we are
Sovereign we have our own constituent assembly in which Indians make their own law and we have passed this law which is called the Constitution and on the basis of those of that Constitution we have made several other laws how many laws we have so many pmla prevention of moneya laundering act companies Act
Indian Penal Code it has been adjusted according to the Constitution of India civil procedure code criminal procedure code although it was made earlier but it has been adjusted according to the Constitution of India that any of the law made after the Constitution became a primary law in
India those law must not in any way shape or form infringe any article of the Constitution of India especially the core values mentioned in the Preamble so sovereignity is the ability of the country to do its own own business without being pressurized again we have seen this is one form of sovereignity
The internal sovereignity we look at it who are sovereign in India it is the people of India now one question comes up during the time we became uh inde dependent just after that we have joined the British Commonwealth now it was considered as a decision taken by the then prime
Minister javah Neu and he faced too much of opposition within the country because people in that point created huge Hue and cry saying that we have came out of the British York after 200 years and again you want to go under the British crown saying that we just
Want to be the part of this British Commonwealth but it has been beautifully put by the then prime minister javal Neu that we are becoming the member of this organization at our will and we will terminate the membership if it is required on our will at our will on our will this shows
The sovereignity of the nation this shows that we are the joining this British Commonwealth not as a gift being given to us but at our own will we doesn’t want to savor the relation we had with British people immediately after we got the independence we wanted to continue
Because this is one of the Cornerstone of our foreign policy if you look that our relation with the West started with England and then spread it throughout Europe and then to the United States so this has been a wonderful corner Stone and important element in the foreign policy of India where we
Started being the member of the British Commonwealth and see the contribution India have played this British Commonwealth its character have changed after that it has became the Commonwealth of nation the word British is removed now how does it look Commonwealth of nation although the head of the Commonwealth of nation is the
King but that doesn’t mean we are surrendering our sovereignty to the king later on we have become me member of so many organization India still have there are Regional organization International Organization United Nation for example does complying with the conventions passed under the United Nation in any way shape or form hurt the
Sovereignty of the country I don’t think so for example there are also basal Norms basal Norms regulate the character and the function of the reserve banks or the National Banks of the country throughout the world India is also a part of it all the National Banks throughout the world has
To follow the basal Norms so is it hurting the sovereignity of the country it is not hurting the sovereignity of the country why because this has been done for the common good of the world common good of the world if let’s say some law has been passed in relation to
Wetlands or for the conservation of the national parks or for reduction of carbon emission in the world and India takes that convention or the international law as it is and applies it to our national law will it become a issue of sovereignity no why because India is just trying to comply by the
International standards in the modern world we have to run according to the international Arena we cannot be separated from the world and now say we are uh Sovereign in this way we will become North Korea they are separate from the world they only know one thing their own
King they do not know what’s going on in the world then if we become like that separate from the world there will be no meaning of Liberty equality and fraternity within the country because whatever the politicians will teach us and allow us to see that will become the
Norm and the value of the nation so sovereignity again to clarify the concept the people in India are sovereign and the state of India is also sovereign means it can conduct its own business the parliament of India can pass any law which it wants uh the few issues which are happening for example
Recently the baluchistan area of Pakistan was attacked by Iran is it the uh issue of sovereignity being infringed yes that is the issue of sovereignity being infringed in retaliation Pakistan also attacked some part of Iran that is called the hurting of sovereignty of a Nation without asking without any permission you are entering
Some Nation the boundary of that Nation creating some rakas and then coming back so terrorism against India is this the issue where we can say our sovereignity has been hurt of course look at the Mumbai uh terrorist attack the terrorist enters India kill people that is of course playing with the sovereignity of
The nation now take one more example the Sri Lankan government asks the Indian military to enter Sri Lanka and fight against L can it be considered as hurting the sovereignity of Sri Lanka no because they are inviting us that’s another issue so you have to look all the issues
In the light of sovereignity now I think you will be getting getting the idea what I was telling in the beginning that everything in the Constitution and how the Constitution is conducted and how the laws are made and interpreted are linked to the Preamble now coming to the second
Word called socialist what does socialist means socialist so this was added in the Preamble in the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act of 197 26 what does socialism means Socialism or the philosophy of Socialism or the word socialist here means to finish or to make the country or the classes
Within it equal that simply means it is a philosophy which is against inequality inequality this is very much prevalent in India it was prevalent in India during the freedom struggle also after the freedom struggle also when we enacted adopted and enforced our constitution even in that time the
Inequality in the society was prevalent so the word socialism was inserted to put emphasis on the welfare state put emphasis on the welfare state which Indian state is what is the role of welfare state to reduce or to eliminate inequality if a state is unable to eliminate inequality the other factors
Such as Liberty fraternity will be of no use they will only be high ideals without any core into it so it was important that India becomes a welfare state and tries to eliminate the inequality this ideology or this idea is reflected from the word socialist which has been inserted by the 42nd Constitutional
Amendment act in 1976 what kind of INE inequalities are there in India if you see there are social inequalities there are economic inequalities and it also talks about the political inequality while we were giving the Constitution to ourselves means the people were giving Constitution to themselves we have already eliminated
The political inequality in the country what does political equality means political equality simply means one man is equal to one vote the vote of a rich man of a higher class man or of a man of a particular religion will not carry more value so one man and the vote cost by
That one man and man includes women will be equal to one vote this is political equality also we will have adult suffrage that simply means there will be an electoral role in which the name of all all the eligible people who are ready and who are willing and not only
Willing and ready but who are eligible what is the eligibility above 18 years and must be the citizen of India those who are the citizen of India and above 18 years will be the part of the Electoral role and they are eligible to give vote willingness comes afterwards
If you’re not willing to give vote you are doing wrong to the country that’s another thing but the eligibility criteria is you should be the citizen of India and you should be above 18 years of age this this age limit was 21 years but it was reduced to 18 years by 69th
Constitutional Amendment act in 1989 by the Rajiv Gandhi government so anybody who is of 18 year of age and is the citizen of India now when you make an electoral role there is no separate electorate that does not mean that Muslims have a separate electorate and Hindus have a
Separate electorate or a separate list is for the higher class people and a separate list is there for the lower class people all the people does not matter from which religion race cast sex gender or origin or descent they belong to they all come in the same electoral role
Everybody who is the citizen of India and above 18 years of age are eligible to give vote that is called political equality that has been given to the citizens of India right from the beginning right from the beginning but when we look at the social and economic
Inequality when we look at the social and economic inequality several Provisions has been made in the constitution in the directive principle of State policy also in the fundamental right to eliminate the social and economic inequality in the country for example article 14 says that should be equal protection of Law and equality
Before law in the country second thing Article 15 tells it gives several grounds like religion race cast sex place of birth and it says that nobody in the country must be discriminated on the basis of these grounds nobody must be discriminated on the basis of religion race cast sex place of birth
Article 16 tells that in the man matter of public employment and appointments nobody must be discriminated on the basis of religion race cast sex place of worth descent and residence along with it article 17 abolishes the untouchability totally legally anybody who practices untouchability committing a crime similarly article 18 of the
Constitution abolishes that the state must not give special titles and the exception is made for titles based on Merit and Military titles but nobody must be kept in a special category by the State all these Provisions have been made to create social equality in the country because country has been divided
On so many fronts we see country was there is there is inequality based on religion inequality based on cast inequality based on sex inequality based on the origin of the person so to figure out a solution for this inequality several Provisions have been made in the Constitution
And how it is reflected in the Preamble through the word socialist also through the word Democratic and Republic we’ll come to these words how the word Democratic and Republic abolishes the inequality within the country similarly this the now political equality applies here but before political equality think about it if you
Do not have social equality in the country then what is the use of political equality in the country the political equality will be of some use only when the country is socially equal when it is not divided faction or sectionally or based on the you know religion and race
And cast and other things similarly the economic inequality is of great use what do we mean by economic inequality economic inequality means equality in terms of income status opportunity and standard of living Indra abas yoga Rajiv abas yoga or some of the housing schemes the names keep on changing as the government
Changes but these schemes have been made to do what to raise the standard of living of the people we are trying to make provision for health for Education what it is doing it is trying to eliminate the economic inequality in the country the poor people are pushed into poverty when
They are poor and at the same time they face any disease because too much money is spent so the welfare state comes into play welfare state helps the people to maintain this equality economic equality by helping people economically to overcome their health issues to overcome the education issues in the
Country if a man and a woman is working on the same post but but man is paid more that tells about the economic inequality in the country so there are Provisions in director principle of State policy which tells that there has to be just and Humane Behavior at the work workplace
And also equal pay for equal work must be confirmed by the state so this is how the state tries to eliminate the economic inequality in the country the status if let’s say a clerk in a bank is a Brahman and at the same time there is another clerk who is
Uh who belongs to the downtrodden class or is a dalit does they have have the same status of course they have the same status and it must be ensured that’s also a part of the economic inequality which is very much coupled with the social inequality in the country so the political equality only
Have some meaning when we have the social and economic in equality in the country we have to eliminate political social and economic inequality at the same time in the country and how these things are done it is done by making several provision which has already been made under the fundamental
Right under the director principle of State policy and some of the fundamental duties of the citizen also reflect that they should contribute to make the country more Equitable so I hope you understand this concept of social word being inserted in the Constitution and why was it inserted welfare state what does it do
It tries to eliminate the inequality what kind of inequality social economical and economic and political now let us come to the world secular it was also inserted by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act 1976 before the 42nd Constitutional Amendment 1976 the front line was we the people of India solary resolve to constitute India
Into a sovereign Democratic Republic but then in 1976 these two words were added so as to give more gravity to the Preamble of the country one thing I would like to mention here uh if you compare the Indian Preamble of the Indian constitution with the Preamble of the Constitutions of the United States
Or Australia or Canada this Preamble the Indian Constitution Preamble is far more exhaustive it not only outlines the nature of the state this this is the nature of the state it not only outlines the nature of the state but it also tells about the core constitutional values in
Detail what does the Preamble of the United State expresses the Preamble of the United State expresses the few words Liberty Tranquility among the people of the United States Tranquility then it uh yeah the word common defense it also outlines the word uh welfare state making the union more stronger but it does
Not include the word equality because of the state of the uh United States at that point in time where slavery was uh practice the word equality is not mentioned in the Preamble of the United States although later on when the slavery was abolished this word equality became a
Reality in the United States and now the courts in the United States are very stringent on the concept of equality and also the public is far more sensitive about this issue but this is how if we see uh we the people of the United State try to trying to make the
Union more stronger with giving it a common defense and it will be a welfare state which will have Tranquility among people and will have Liberty this is how it is like in one paragraph the Preamble of the to the Constitution of the United stat is done with but when you look at the
Constitution of India which is itself very exhaustive document the Preamble is also very exhaustive in India it tells about the nature and the core constitutional values in the country now let us uh move to another topic uh the word secular as we already know by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act the word
Secular was inserted in the Constitution what does the word secular means it means that the state has no official religion the state has no official religion It also says that the state will protect state will protect all the religions equally so the state does not have any official religion and state will protect
The protect all the religions equally so India is surrounded by Pakistan which is which has declared Islam as a official religion of the state then Burma then then Nepal and around if wec Bangladesh all the states around India all the countries around India all the nations around India have some or the other
Official religion of the state but India being a secular country has not adopted any sing single religion as its official religion and all the religion are equally protected and respected in India the word secular when it was inserted in 1976 made the implicit issue and explicit issue that simply means before 1976
India wasn’t secular no no no India was secular even before 19 1976 but to make the implicit issue explicit this word was inserted in the Preamble of the country so how secularism is practiced in India we see article 25 to 28 these are some of the fundamental
Right given uh and people are free to worship and to practice propagate and profess any religion of their choice also by Article 15 14 16 religion must not be the ground on which discrimination can be made by the state in public Employments or opening up of guards and public places and other
Things religion must not be the basis of discrimination in the country this is how secularism is practiced in India it is a bit different from the Western secularism how because in Western secularism the state is totally separate from religion but in India separate SE the separation is not there State can
Protect the religions also State can promote the religion also but not at the cost of any other religion this is very important to understand State can also give donations lands money and other things to the charitable foundations to the spiritual foundation and also to the religious foundation in the
Country so state does not have any official religion then the state also protects all the religion within the country and the citizen has been given the right to to propagate profess and practice any religion of their choice whatever way of life they want to have they can have that freedom has been
Given to the people of India under the fundamental rights and how is it reflected in the Preamble through the word secular now let us come to the Democratic and the Republic Words which are the basic feature of the Constitution what does what do we mean by democracy it is economic political and social
Democracy together where it says again there has to be equality in incomes status and other things social means there has to be equality among the classes among different sections and different factions and different religions and political democracy simply means that one vote for one person the adult suffrage and the Electoral role should
Contain all the eligible candidates who are the citizens of India and above the age of 18 and they are eligible to vote and the Electoral role is not divided on the basis of religion race cast sex or any other distinction the Electoral role is one to vote is the political right in
India it is one of the fundamentals uh you know basic feature of the Constitution to elect our members of legislative assembly to elect the Member of Parliament and to run the country is again the right of the people and it is practiced under the political democracy
In India if we see the system of democracy which we follow it is the Parliamentary form of democracy it is a opposite to Pres presidential form of democracy this presidential form of democracy runs on the concept of separation of power separation of power that simply means the executive Judiciary and
Legislative branches are separate from one another it is not dependent on uh one another whereas in the Parliamentary form of government what we see is there is collective responsibility concept Collective responsibility what does collective responsibility means that the Council of minister or the legislative the real legislative is
Dependent on the legislature on the member of parliaments uh in the Lo saaba that simply means that when the people elect they’re Member of Parliament in the loksabha they participate in the elections of the Lo saaba and the Lo saaba is formed and whichever party gets the majority that party forms the government
And then they declare the names who are the ministers also known as the Council of ministers and the head of this Council of ministers is the prime minister of the country the stability of this government the stability of this majority party which forms the Council of Minister and
The Prime Minister means which forms the government depends on its majority in the house in the luk saaba so what does it mean it simply means that the executive have Collective responsibility towards the legislature the executive is based on the legislature the exe executive comes from the legislature it is not separate
But it is an integral part of the legislature somebody who is coming from outside that means the person is not the member of the parliament if they are the part of the Council of minister they have to become the Member of Parliament within 6 months or else their post will be
Terminated so the Parliamentary form of government is followed in India now this Parliament along with the legislative assemblies they elect the president who is the head of the state in India India is not a monarchial democracy England Britain is monarchial democracy where the hereditary King is
The head of the state in India we do not have any King who is the head of the state but we have the president who is the head of the state this form of government is called as the Republican system Republic means the head of state is
Elected the head of the state is elected the head of the state is not a person who is a hereditary King like in Great Britain so I hope you understood the nature of the poity in India Sovereign socialist secular Democratic Republic now let us come to another topic which
Is the core constitutional values which are being mentioned in the Preamble so what first is Justice what kind of justice social economic and political what do you understand by justice social economic political again there shall not not be any arbitrariness in equality within the society and that is
True for social justice that is true for economic Justice and that is true for political justice as well that means there has to be equality among all the people in the country and that is ensured through the provisions given in the fundamental right directive principles of State policy and also in Preamble how
It is reflected in Preamble first through the concept of the nature of the state which is socialist in nature and Welfare in nature when it is welfarist in nature it is going to ensure social economic and political inequality but the basis of all these things is Justice India has to maintain
The government in India has to maintain social economic and political Justice in the country there shall not be any discrimination or any arbitrariness based on religion race cast sex place of birth residence descent and any other thing similarly income status opportunity standard of living they have to be
Maintained there must be justice among all justice has to be ensured economic Justice also for example in a company which have substantial share of the government if a male is getting more salary than a female do you think it is equality it needs justice justice means to bring the
Inequality and to break this inequality and bring the equality in the place of inequality so what ends up happening is that courts ends up doing the Justice the Supreme Court and the other courts in India they are the torchbearer of Justice they are the Protectors of the fundamental right and the Constitution
They are the one organ which sees that all the fundamental right are given to the con given to the people of India and are not infringed by the state so in any way shape of form social economic or political Justice is not delivered to the people of India the
People of India can approach the court political equality social equality economic equality the same concept which we have discussed uh few minutes back then the next thing which comes up is Liberty Liberty of thought Liberty of expression Liberty of Belief faith and worship Article 19 of the Constitution which is again a fundamental right of uh related with the freedom of uh with several freedoms uh Clause a of article 191 says that there shall be Freedom given to the citizens of India freedom of speech and expression so you can think you can
Express and you have been given freedom to do this this is also reflected in the Preamble Under The Heading Liberty you have the freedom you have the Liberty to think Express without these inherent values without these inherent uh rational logical rights a human being cannot progress a human being cannot reach
Their full potential you will see less and less of meritocracy in the country if you snatch a these Liberties you are free to follow any religion profess any religion propagate any religion practice any religion because the Liberty to have to worship Liberty of Faith Liberty of belief has
Been provided to the citizens of India this is ensured under article 25 to 28 which are again the fundamental rights all also article 16 15 14 article 17 article 18 under these articles religion cannot be a basis to discriminate people the next thing next important thing equality of status and
Opportunity again equality came in equality of status the equality of outcome the equality uh social equality political equality economic equality so all these concept are intermingled justice social economic and political equality of status and opportunity also involves equality of uh social equality economic in equality and political equality then
Fraternity what does this word mean fraternity it means some sort of friendship or Brotherhood fraternity for maintaining the Dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of Nation Dignity of individual and unity and integrity of the nation it is very important if you have to maintain the fraternity within the
Country it is very important to provide dignity to the individual and that can only be done when you have social equality economic inequality political equality within the country that can be ensured through social economic and political justice so these these three words Liberty equality and Fraternity in
Order to have Dignity of individuals in the country these three words form a trinity and they cannot be separated Liberty and equality cannot be separated from fraternity and fraternity and equality cannot be separated from Liberty think of a situation where you give equality and fraternity but snatch Liberty what will
Happen if the people do not have Liberty to the personal initiative will die and if you snatch equality and you give the liberty and fraternity then the power will be in the hand of few people the power will not be justifiably given to everybody so it it forms a trinity and
One cannot be divorced from another Liberty equality and fraternity and how these three are you know practiced or how will they remain a trinity and it is ensured that they are not separated from one another it is only through justice so Preamble is a beautiful document and
One concept or one idea is intermingled and dependent on the other one so we need to maintain the Dignity of the individual and dignity can only be maintained by having Justice and until this dignity is maintained in the country you cannot dream of unity and integrity in the nation think about a situation
Where you have classes being divided on the basis of sections different sections and different factions and different religions can there be a unity and integrity in the nation no cannot be several of the um of the cast groups if they they feel discriminated within the country that means dignity has not
Been provided the individual dignity has not been provided to those uh political uh sorry uh those social groups then it will hamper the unity and integrity of the Nations the unity of Integrity of the nation is not only limited to relig or race or cast or sex it also has to pertain to
Local Integrity think about the the separatist movement uh for the separate state of Telangana does it hurt the national unity in some of the other way or one of the minister of Congress coming up from the from the southern state of Tamil Nadu and saying that there shall be
A separate country of Southern States this is all the manifestation of Divisions within the country and our constitution tries to maintain the unity and integrity and this is also reflected in the Preamble Under The Heading fraternity which says that there shall be to maintain the Dignity of the individual and the unity
And integrity of the nation so this is all what is written in the Preamble which is a very exhaustive document tells about the nature of the Constitution uh the nature of the state it also tells about the core constitutional value the Justice Liberty equality and fraternity it tells about
The source of power and uh about the enacting date the 26th of November 1946 on on which date this law was passed on which date the resolution was adopted the Constitution was adopted enacted by the country in the constituent assembly so I hope uh you have understood the basic concept related with the
Preamble preamble again uh if we see it is the identity card gives direction to the uh parliamentarians to make law it it tells about the source of power within the country it tells about the date of enactment of the Constitution it tells about the nature of the state
Which India is and it tells about the core constitutional values which is followed within the country I hope you like this video and if there is any doubt you can write in the comment section and ask me thank you very much for
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