And sometimes make your said W sister say py you know because fromy and the but now Nik and white and them in a and and [ __ ] on the street up on the beach take some nice breeze ah you already blood Clal Drwh up something Jeans mirror Ex so you know juggling continues the hustling continues when you see firecracker you See To been smoking been drinking 1503 people 1503 1504 1504 UK time strange weather looking out there doesn’t look too pretty pretty chilly you know and well here we are people working for a company and um a lawyer approached me and said to me if I know which country was the second
Country to gain his independence in the Western Hemisphere right as you saw I was an aage Reader testing the knowledge of me and um I couldn’t answer him as well he said America was the first country in the Western Hemisphere to gain their independence followed by Haiti Haiti a Espanola very close to
Jamaica many Jamaicans right are from haian descent and vice versa right tantl Overture I studied in my Caribbean history the slave called Bookman who was taught how to read and write by a female Plantation owner or the wife of the plantation owner and it is said that he sailed a
Boat and was the spark of the haian Revolution but this is not to say that this revolution wasn’t taking place before then so we can see now Canadian military deploys to Jamaica to train troops ahead of a haian mission yes Haiti has been devastated by natural disasters
Also the the debt that they have to pay to France which they’re still paying from the the loss which was incurred when the Haan people delivered thems out of bondage shout out to all the Haans brothers and sisters so we have the rise of barbecue not just the rise of him I’ve
Been seen him for a while barbecue ex policeman right making headline news so let’s have a see what what the news says about barbecue and the situations this is 20 hours ago Easter crash course for just $9.99 this Easter Laura Armstrong do we’re hearing that the Canadian Armed
Forces have deployed about 70 soldiers to Jamaica they will help prepare military personnel from the car Caribbean for a mission to Haiti cbc’s Hillary Johnstone is here with the latest so Hillary you’ve been following the developments this morning can you tell us about the latest here hi there
Jacqueline yes we are getting word from Canada’s uh National Defense Ministry that or Department I should say that yesterday some 70 members of the Canadian Armed Forces deployed to Jamaica and they are going to be going there to train some 330 military personnel from a couple of different
Countries so from Jamaica from Biz and then also from the Bahamas they’re going to be training them in peacekeeping but then also in combat first aid practices as well all of this is part of more than 80 million that was announced back a number of months ago this was in January
From Canada’s foreign affairs minister Melanie Jolie that money the intention here was to support report that Kenyan Le but unbacked unauthorized multinational security support mission to Haiti to try and restore order because of course in recent weeks and recent months the security situation there has really been deteriorating and things have only been
Getting worse now originally that Tenon Le multinational security support mission was supposed to deploy sometime in early 2024 here we are of course uh staring down the month of April now some cont context here some backstory on this this has been undergoing intense scrutiny back in Kenya both intense
Public and legal scrutiny as well there have been a number of legal challenges launched against this we’ve heard from the opposition leader in Kenya saying what will the president do if some of those Kenyan Le Security Forces return to that country in bodybag so concern here that this could be a very very
Dangerous mission for some of those Kenyan security officials so yes members of the Canadian Armed Forces have now deployed to Jamaica to try and help with training but in terms of what happens next year with that Kenyan Le unbacked Mission uh still a lot of questions here
About the timeline and what that might look like now Hillary within Haiti some of these armed gangs have been saying that the violence could get worse in the next few days but that one uh gang leader that we referenced known as barbecue he he is supposedly claiming
He’s open to laying down arms but what would that depend on well he says that that would depend on him having a seat at the table as part of these negotiations he says that if members of the International Community are going to sit down and decide what hades’s future
Should look like than he wants to be there possibly even with some sort of role in a future Haitian government but remember just earlier this week the UN came out with a new report saying that conditions in Haiti were cataclysmic and also said that some of these armed gangs
Like the one that uh Jimmy shizer known as barbecue is a part of that they are really not helping the the situation that they are using extreme violence that they are using sexual abuse in order to uh try and control members of Hades population to try and maintain
Power there so questions about what this is going to look like we spoke with one expert who says that he’s not convinced this is the way to go Jimmy sherier barbecue I mean he’s definitely the most media Savvy and the one most accessible to journalists in terms of the leaders
Of these armed groups but he’s far from the the most powerful one and these these groups also have a really a history of being extremely fractious and and violent with one another so I think the idea that you could get all these guys to agree on some sort of modus
Vendi in terms of how to deal with the political and the security crisis going forward I’m somewhat doubtful about that unfortunately so these are groups that are violent with each other and of course as we’ve been learning from some of these un reports Jacqueline violent with the Haitian people as well Hillary
The country of Haiti is under a state of emergency tonight after see get this one up yep to Zero at one point Javan Moise offered a glimmer of hope for Haiti at a time of numerous crises a former businessman who wanted to lift people out of poverty in the poorest country in the Americas political stability is the first public resource in no country on Earth is it possible to talk about
Development unless there is political stability unless there is social peace but his years in office were challenging and he faced allegations of money laundering and Corruption mise became president of Haiti in 2017 after being chosen by the former leader Michelle martii to become his successor of the center right Haitian Ted Cay party
2015’s election was the first to declare him winner but the vote was overturned after allegations of Fraud and violent Street protests the rerun was then delayed by hurri came Matthew which caused widespread destruction in the South but when it was finally held in 2018 it sparked disagreements about when Mo’s term would
End after legislative elections were delayed that year Moise stayed on to rule by decree without a parliament he tried to reassure Haitians even as things deteriorated around him violence does not work with development and democracy we have to cut Bridges with these old practices that are putting the country
Behind despite his calls for calm the protests against him and his government got worse he was accused of an action in the face of increasing violence a surge in kidnappings for ransom and the growth of armed gangs in March he declared some forms of protest as acts of terrorism days before his assassination
Mois announced a new prime minister to tackle criminal violence what would have been his seventh and four years not long after a group of individuals broke into his home in the capital Porter Prince and shot him dead javel mise was 53 years old sip well let’s cross live now
To Andy Galler he joins us from Miami uh Andy what more do we know about this assassination this are uh well there were calls coming from around the world from International leaders calling for calm in Haiti and showing their support for the people of Haiti but essentially what we have here
Is a situation where a group of armed men broke into the uh president’s private house on the outskirts of Porter Prince shot and killed javel mois and injured his wife the first lady who is now in hospital recovering there are some reports suggesting these men were speaking Spanish and dressed as DEA
Agents who are from the US that is clearly not a DEA operation uh but the question now is how does Haiti cope with all this because already the Dominican Republic has reportedly closed the border between Haiti and the Dominican Republic over concerns of security and this is of course a nation that is
Fragile at best at the best of times uh what we have here is an argument over the constitution constitutionalists in Haiti saying that jav Jael Moise should have stepped down about a year ago he’s been ruling by decree elections haven’t been held in sometime when they are held
There are often allegations of Fraud and Corruption so the question now is for the people of Haiti 60% of whom survive on less than $2 a day uh what will happen next because situations in Haiti as I’ve seen many times in the past can spiral very very quickly indeed I think
Most people will not be overly concerned that their president is dead but more concerned about what this will mean to them and the security of their Nation so this is an extremely volatile situation one that could really easily go out go go sideways if you like the Deputy Prime
Minister saying that the police are in control of the country but that is just the voice of one official the reality in a country like Haiti is is things could turn violent and very dangerous very quickly we’ve already had gangs on the streets over the past year uh critics
Saying those gangs were working for jovel Moise uh that has not been confirmed but certainly I think there’s a great deal of concern across the world about the situation in Haiti now that President javel mise has been assassinated and must be the the I imagine there must be a great deal of
Concern where you are in Miami because there is quite a large Haitian Community there yeah there’s about 300,000 uh Haitians call South Florida home as a large community here I would imagine many of the people living here have family at back home in Haiti so I think
There will be deep concerns again not over the assassination but over the safety of people in Haiti because this is a situation as we’ve seen before remember democracy in Haiti is only about 35 years old we had the dualies papa do and baby do ruling for for years
They had the Tonton Mako the secret police that killed tens of thousands of people uh so in essence the democracy has been growing there has been maturing but it’s still very fragile so I think the security situation certainly for people living here in Little Little Haiti in Miami they will be extremely
Concerned about what’s happening with their family members back in Haiti and remember the United Nations had a large Force there up until 2017 they have now largely pulled out of Haiti uh leaving uh the nation exposed if you like but that was a popular move at the time
Certainly when I was there people wanted uh those troops gone uh there were talk about forming their own Haitian army that there hasn’t been one for for for decades so it is really a delicate precarious situation for Haitians who are already living in if not the poorest country in the world certainly the
Poorest other than subsaharan Africa so a very delicate very fragile and potentially very dangerous situation okay Andy Galler they’re bringing us the very latest from Miami uh Andy thank you very much indeed let’s stay with us we can speak now with Kim Ives J and editor
With the newspaper a liberte he joins us live by Skype from New York it’s good to have you with us we were hearing from our correspondent about what a a fragile situation Haiti is already in what impact do you think the assassination of President jvan mois is going to have on the
Country well all hell is going to break loose I think uh right now the opposition has been uh pressing uh to make a transitional government uh which I think the uh head of the UN office there Helen liim who is a longtime career State Department Officer has been somewhat sympathetic to
And on the fence from what my sources tell me so I think now that jovenel is gone and there’s no clear successor he just announced a new prime minister on Monday uh Dr uh Ariel hunri who um theoretically I would have thought would have uh been the one
Speaking but instead it’s the former interim prime minister Claude Joseph the former former Minister that he was until his predecessor J resigned in April so the circle around jovell was growing smaller and smaller so I imagine now the US uh is which holds a predominant uh
Weight in Haiti will try to bring about some kind of transitional government the streets though are going to be very hot uh there are uh neighborhood armed neighborhood organizations formed in a organization called the Revolutionary forces of the G9 family and allies which have called for a revolution against the system in
Haiti and by that they mean the entire system including all the power that the bis of Haiti wields and they want to see a change in the life of the Haitian people who live for the most part in dire poverty and misery well talk to us
Talk to us about that we understand the situation in Haiti very hot as you see um talk to us about these armed gangs because our understanding is it was an armed group that assassinated the president we don’t know at the stage who they are uh but you have written on the
The the gangs in Haiti just give our our International viewers a bit of context here I mean how big an issue are these armed gangs I mean who is actually in charge of the country as it stands right well what we do know is that the gangs
And the killing of jovenel appear not to be connected that was uh apparently foreigners uh very well funded they had nine new Nissan Patrol pickup trucks uh they knew the layout of the president’s house they had inside information clearly so this was a well-funded operation probably backed by some
Country or a very large Mafia of some sort now the uh situation of the gangs as they’re called in Haiti uh this has become sort of a grab bag because there are different forms of organization in Haiti’s booming lumpin proletariat which uh Haiti 50 years ago was a largely Agricultural Society but through
Neoliberal reforms which drove peasants off the land and into the cities Porto princess swelled from 500,000 to over three million people and most of these people live in vast Shanty towns they have uh no employment and they are trying to e out a living and in this um
Uh context the authority of the state has diminished and local leaders have emerged and some of them have turned turn to kidnapping and various other crime but primarily kidnapping to uh not only um keep their neighborhood afloat but you know give uh some of their uh
Neighbors and so forth uh money for a wedding or a funeral or what have you okay against them so I’m sorry you’re outlining the the situation which sounds incredibly delicate in Haiti particularly for the people who live there but I wanted to turn to something that you you said earlier in that answer
You said that this was a well-funded group with their pickup trucks and so on possibly financed by an external AG in a foreign country who might that be I mean G given the state of Haiti right now it has challenges economically challenges politically what benefit would there be
For another country to overthrow the leadership very hard to no it may have been from within the Haitian bisi some of whose members are very wealthy and possibly could have um bankrolled an operation of this size and sophistication but why would they want to get rid of the president is I guess
Is my question well jovenel Moise was at odds with many parts of the Bourgeois with members of the Bourgeois who had sweetheart deals in some cases which uh he was trying to cut back on we have to remember that Haiti had a thing called the Petr Kube fund money from the sale
Of Venezuelan oil cheap Venezuelan oil from 2008 to 2018 that was cut off due to Trump’s sanctions president Donald Trump’s sanctions against Venezuela Venezuela could no longer provide the oil and suddenly the money stopped for Haiti so jovell had to go to members of this bis who previously had supported him and say
Listen guys you got to cut me some slack and give me uh back some of the money and deals that I’d given you before and his predecessor had given as well Michelle Marti and these guy the these guys in the bisi got very very mad and they said
No way and they were in many ways funding the opposition uh so it became and really commanded the central organizations of the opposition and and so there was a a war between jovenel Moise and some members of the Haitian bisi okay Kim I I’m afraid we’re out of
Time Uber one get Zer pound delivery fee on all grocery [Applause] [Applause] orders [Applause] hallelujah Hallelujah [Applause] Hallelujah fore Foree fore want the food actually ran out you know people people still their Spirits didn’t even really drop I mean it’s it’s pretty amazing some of these people they’re dealing with some very very tough trying situation what you guys eating down there uh M whenever I heard about it you know I
Was kind of kind of disappointed I had to leave my family but on the other hand I was kind of glad we weren’t being deployed for a combat reason I was glad we were being deployed to help where were you before there Iraq in 2007 yes yes no one no no one shooting
At me here for us I don’t know if we’re going to be passing on anything today it’s going to be uh more security for us Dignitaries for you found a lady inside y she’s alive yeah she’s alive she’s really in good condition that’s I know that’s unbelievable but she can communicate with us efficiently and right now we’re just on the way of taking her out in this response anything is possible and we’ll search as long as the
Government of Haiti says that search and rescue is is still the mission everybody’s spoking with her almost 6 hours and she she’s perfect condition and she has very logical sances and she can just able to move her feet and Fingers Hallu Hallelujah you see [Applause] a minute silence for the nation of Haiti e e I am T lir my name is perhaps known to you he was called the black George Washington he fought off three Empires and enraged Napoleon the prospect of a black Republic is equally disturbing to the Spanish the English and the
Americans he championed Liberty andal for all to and the Haitian revolution this program was made possible by The Corporation for Public Broadcasting and by contributions to your PBS station from viewers like you thank You Haiti is always described as the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere but during its height at santang it was the richest place in the Americas the thing about it though is that this richness was all rooted in slaves its wealth was based on human capital on owning that human
Capital all day as long as the sun is shining the men are bending over and swaying a machete at the foot of the sugar cane the world as you know it disappear therefore you become an animal and you expect to live like an animal the Dominion of the master had to be absolute
But that absoluteness itself made the master into something other than human as well Liberty equality fraternity that was new for the world to L is the epitome of humanity he realized early on that the condition he was in was totally insufferable to recuited about about 3 to 4,000 people trained them and
Theought the French the British and the Spanish Army for 12 years they burned the mechanisms of their production they’re burning the plantation Fields Burning Down the houses it was a wholesale Massacre on a really really enormous scale it was a big big major payback time the Haitian we reolution is
Probably the most profound Revolution ever realized by human beings the only place where slaves created a nation but nobody wants to talk about it [Applause] in the summer of 1789 when Haiti was still the dormant colony of sendang it was France that grabbed the world’s attention Parisian mobs rioted against
The French King and against their own desperate poverty chanting slogans for Liberty equality and Brotherhood they sparked the revolution that would fill history books for centuries to come the trick about the French Revolution was that it meant a lot of different things to a lot of different
People in the streets of Paris the French Revolution meant an end to the appalling privileges of wealth and France’s brand new Congress called the National Assembly it meant the ideas of Europe’s most radical thinkers could be realized nobody knows exactly what’s going to come out of it but just the
Idea of of of having rights right the idea that all people have rights that those rights are inherent this was something that obviously philosophers had written about before but during the course of the French Revolution it was written down in a text called the Declaration of the rights of Man it’s a dangerous idea because the society is based on inequality that’s what makes it work because it was not supposed to work for everybody it was supposed to work for a Minority what was a dangerous idea in France was even more dangerous and its slaveholding colonies off the coast of Florida Martinique quoop and an island known as the pearl of the anes today the Western half is Haiti then it was the French colony of s doming one thing that’s fascinating
About that time people think things were very far away they were not news traveled very very fast we have to remember that the ocean was like a highway in the 18th century I mean ships were constantly bringing news back and forth everyone was obsessed with news Sailors would come off the ships
They first people they would talk to the people they would work with as they were unloading the ships were enslaved people so there reports who were describing the events that have been going on in Paris to to the enslave that are working alongside of them few intended Colonial slaves should
Take Democratic ideas to Heart far too much was at stake sugar greased the wheels of the 18th century economy and sandang was the sugar capital of the world it was easy even for France’s political radicals to ignore the agony that made it all possible the leaves of the sugar cane are just
Like minuscule saw if they cut you you may not even see it but when you perspire the sweat gets in it and it burns in The Roots there are ants they bite and when they bite you you will scratch yourself for half a day if the worker refuse to work well
There’s a law which you just shoot him that’s all the whole concept of slavery itself is is a totally Savage one the French they brought it down to science a slave coming from Africa would not last three years the way the system was organiz they had it down to that kind of
Statistics they did it very systematically and it was very successful slavery and sang succeeded too on a foundation of Relentless Terror slave owner stanas seu explained it as rational manag M slow punishments make a greater Impressions than quick or violent ones other than 50 lashes administered in 5
Minutes 25 lashes of the whip administered in a quarter of an hour this is far more likely to make an impression the accounts about the tortures inflicted on slave are are often horrifying legs cut off or arms cut off amputations for runaways rubbing hot powder or or pepper and so forth into the
Wounds slaves actually hung and left the diey you can kind of imagine that this kind of world in which essentially human life was given so little value that these tortures were kind of refined to this incredible cruel effect despite the brutal tools of control some blacks managed to escape
Slavery many had been born free fathered by white planter others had gained Freedom through their own wits or talents one such man was T Lou I was born a slave but n you give me the soul of a free man T was a very determined man he was a very ambitious
Man and in my opinion he was a genius Tusa is I think one of the most incredible figures that I know about him in in many ways he’s born on a plantation in sandang he grows up on that Plantation that Plantation was owned by a man who was tolerant for the times to
Sam was taught to read and write as a child he eventually occupies a somewhat privileged role if you can say that on implantation as a Coachman and and has a kind of relationship with the managers and Masters in some ways he becomes free in the 1770s so he’s somebody who kind
Of occupied different roles in society and I think that’s the key for understanding tat is that he saw possibilities where other people didn’t he had businesses had contacts in the US and elsewhere bank accounts manage his Affairs pretty well the man was endless in organizational capacity I
Mean he would have been a fantastic CEO today T didn’t record his first reactions to the revolution in France but his fellow free singan the white Colonials and the mixed race population were transfixed in 1789 there were about 40,000 white people and about 30,000 colored people who were of course their
Sons and cousins and so on and so forth who were land owners themselves many of them slave owners themselves many of them very effective businessmen many of them involved romantically with the white master class one of the things that’s important to remember about Haiti and race is it
Wasn’t simply black and white instead you had numerous gradations of color one historian went so far as to give 110 categories of color from absolute black to Absolute white and to each combination he gave a name mulato quadon mamalu and what he was accounting for was the drops of black
Blood whites hoped for more control over the colony’s governance but the colony mixed waste population hoped for more fundamental changes they had been born free but not equal they had to show physical respect for the white stand up when they are in prison of a white call them mister or
Whatever title they wanted to have it was not easy for them and that’s exactly why they were the first one before the blacks they were the first one to ask for equality the mixed race population of San doing decided their chance had come in 1791 they sent a petition to France’s
New government asking for the rights of citizenship this is a powerful message to have been taking place in a society that was explicitly organized on inequality it’s like Dynamite the petition asked for civil protections and it enraged the Island’s white population workingclass colonists began a full scale intimidation campaign they threatened beat and murdered mre’s residents in the capital but the petition met a different reception back in Paris the new breed of delegates in the National Assembly issued a landmark
Decree they extended equal rights to the small population of mixed raced people born of two free parents despite the reform’s limited extent the governor of sang refused to obey Colonial whites felt profoundly betrayed some such as a Planter’s wife named Madame de began discussing radical thoughts of their own the National
Assembly is committed to destroying our lives as Masters so much so that secession from France might be necessary the slave owners of America I hope will ban together to stop this contagion of Liberty the good Lord who created the sun which gives us light from above who Rouses the
Sea and makes the thunder roar watches us bukti was a slave and a vulu priest throw away the image of the god of the whites who thirst for our tears and listen to the voice of Liberty which speaks in the hearts of all of us in August
1791 as Sang’s white and mixed race population squared off for a showdown Bookman called together slaves from neighboring plantations they’d been kidnapped from different parts of Africa and the voodoo religion was their common culture Bookman had called them to an area called Bima first on the agenda was strategy that ceremony
OFA is the first haian Congress the beginning of the revolution Patient tradition says the slaves of sang planned that night to revolt they Ed their Uprising to start on multiple plantations in two weeks time and they swore each other to secrecy they even said that they killed a pig and they drunk the blood this is what we call a
Communion communion that to kill what you have heard what you have said to Themselves the god of the white man calls him to commit crimes Our God orders Revenge he will direct our hands he will Aid us on the night of August 22nd 1791 a thousand enslaved Africans attacked their masters for them to be free they have to have the same amount of violence that
You exerted on them that’s why the Revolution was very brutal this is that hatred in the first day that came [Applause] out the rebel numbers Grew From 1,000 to 20,000 as newly liberated slaves burn cane fields and refineries in order to destroy the system that had enslaved
Them within 3 days the most profitable plantations in the Americas had been laid waste 184 sugar plantations and a th000 coffee Farms whites and mixed waste people fled to the capital city for Mutual protection from there they watch firestorms on all Horizons you’ve got a fiery cataclysm of
Enormous scale I mean the people on ships in the harbor supposedly could read their mail by the light of these fires that were you know 10 15 20 miles away uh to give you some faint idea of what this would have been like if you were
There the eruption of violence put T in a difficult position his own fortunes were tied to the plantation system and he had straddled the white and black worlds for some 15 years tus was no longer a slave he didn’t have the mentality of a slave he was the owner of two or three
Plantations he was not of the same class anymore his interest were different from the interests of the [Applause] masses but toan’s first reaction to the Raging violence was based neither on money nor race it was personal he went back to the plantation where he had been born to protect his former
Owners it’s true that tan did return to the plantation in the early days of the Insurrection and kind of maintained order there and there’s always there’s a question the question of why why would he do that I think Tusan was somebody who um understood the value of of um
Humanity in many ways right I mean I think he probably had gained that precisely from being on the the the receiving end of slavery back in the capital city as helped his former Master flee the violence sang whites repelled assault after assault they soon regrouped and launched their own
Offensive the blood leing continued day after day week after Soul numbing week French colonist pil D laqua the country is filled with dead bodies which lie unburied the Negro have left the whites with Stakes driven through them into the ground and the white troops who take no prisoners leave Neo’s dead upon the
Field three months after the revolution started the voodoo priest bukman duti was killed in battle white soldiers decapitated him and burned his body and view of the Rebel camp in the words of one Observer the conflict in sendang had become an Exterminating war in the Autumn of
1791 Tu could no longer sit on the sidelines despite a wife and children despite the chance even of losing his own freedom tan didn’t hesitate long he left everything he dropped everything and he went to the mountain it was an act of extraordinary risk the islands 500,000 slaves outnumbered Whites by 12
To1 but their ultimate prospects were poor few had experience in military strategy and they had no un ing history or long-term Vision the fact is a lot of people didn’t really know what Freedom was supposed to look like nobody had really even theorized or imagined this
Before to on the other hand had a unique window on the world he was schooled in African and European culture alike and had read some of France’s most radical thinkers had certainly read attacks by la re which predicted that out of the colonial slave system with its you know
Frightening imbalance of numbers and horrible suffering and all that there would emerge a leader revolutionary leader I believe right now refer to him as a black Sparticus you SS a literate person there’s no way you would have missed this as Rebel leaders struggled to forge a disciplined fighting force to sense
Talents and intellect set him apart then in December 1791 some four months after the Rebellion began black enthusiasm began to crumble the new French government in Paris sent more than 10,000 military reinforcements to help the colonists reestablished white rule supplies were scarce in the mountains and winter brought famine to the rebel
Lines thousands began to surrender T family verer was not somebody who liked violence really he was good at it if he had to do it but he preferred to use uh negotiation diplomacy gal trickery anything but and if that didn’t work he kill you no problem but he try anything else first
Toov was asked to write up a settlement offer in exchange for the freedom of 200 slave leaders and better working conditions on the plantations The Proposal offered to send most of the rebels back to the plantation it was a stark recognition of 18th century realities sometimes it’s easy to look
Back at this and suggest that they were willing to sell out their followers while the terms I think it’s true are troubling in some ways they were also trying to seek some change and I think the key here is that it was really difficult to imagine that you would actually eliminate
Slavery new French Commissioners had just arrived from Paris to restore order more liberal than the Planters they urged cang’s whites to accept the rebels offer and they called slave leaders to the capital of lcap for negotiation trust was minimal some slave Rebels wanted to kill their white prisoners but
Toel argued against it he wanted the whites return to looka as a gesture of Goodwill so Tusa is sent to negotiate with the Planters with the idea that in sense a settlement can be reached the settlement is not only for the freedom of some of the Insurgent leaders but but
Also for some reforms on the plantation small reforms but reforms that at least in the letters they describe their followers really want whether the small group of leaders actually would have had the power to say to all these people that they taken out okay we’re going back to work now here’s your
Chains I don’t know as it happened the white people were so shortsighted that they didn’t even give them the opportunity to try the white said no they said no because at that time they were the one who wanted Revenge they forget about what they have done for three centuries and they think that
They were the victims in that thing so they have to avenge themselves so they’re not going to forgive or forget anything and they Refused of course he’s taken up arms against them but at the same time he’s made a lot of concessions and he’s struggled against his own followers to say look we’re going to treat the prisoners well we’re going to trade with them we’re willing to make a deal and to
Have that refused by the planter class I think certainly must have had a radicalizing effect to S support first settlement abruptly ended and with it the best deal the whites would ever see did you know that the best way to make an extra income on Amazon is
Not Jean Claude devalier was a son of Francois devalier The Man known as papadoc who ruled Haiti through Terror and intimidation for the better part of two decades I have been elected for president for life this is this is a what the haian people and uh this is a iron
Will this is the Iron Will of the Haan people upon his death in 1971 Jean Claude of baby do took over and proved to be his father’s son inheriting his title of president for life and using the same brutality to maintain his hold on power Human Rights Watch estimates
The deval’s ordered the deaths of between 20 and 30,000 Haitians political opponents union leaders and journalists were often targeted much of the killing was carried out by a group called the tonon maku part paramilitary part secret police they reported directly to the president that because these crimes were
Widespread and systematic and that term is very important they constitute crimes against humanity so they’re not just simple murders or an isolated event of torture or disappearance these were systematic and widespread year after year you see many of baby Do’s victims like Bobby Duval disappeared into the
Torture chambers of the for de Monch prison in 2011 he showed Alero the remains of the cell where he was held with 40 other men the way they do the execution is that they Hood you with hood and they hit you with a backat following elections in 1985 when
Devalia claimed 99% of the vote demonstrations took place across the country Dali went into Exile in France the next year taking much of the country’s wealth with him the organization trans Ary International estimates he sold $800 million while in power but in 2011 with hati still recovering from a devastating earthquake
He made a surprise return calling it a gesture of solidarity he was taken into custody on suspicion of embezzlement but it took two years for him to be charged with corruption and human rights abuses he repeatedly refused to appear in court living comfortably in a villa overlooking Porto
Prince in Fe 2013 his victims finally had the chance to face him in court and tell their stories that was Monumental for Haitians to see a former president literally in the dock like that hearing these accusations made against him but devalier died before he could be judged yes people outro You I
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