So let me introduce Professor Francisco who is the director and UNESCO chair professor at National University of La Plata Argentina Professor Francisco viaro is a full-time professor of regional economics at Catholic University of La Plata and social Economist having PHD in social science SCI specialization in economic sociology post doctorate in
Economics and master in sustainable development he is also an associate investigator of cot that is Centro D study of Sociology of work at the University of Brun Bruno Ali Aris at the University at naal D La Plata he is a chair older of UNESCO chair in economic
Systems and human rights he founded with almost 20 universities all over the world from 2008 to 2015 he worked at University of San Martin where he promoted and designated the first Master course financed completely with European funds in Argentina in democracy and DDD HH for moving from Italy to Argentina in order
To study social responses to financial crisis of 2001 he worked at the University ofera where he was professor of social economics and methodology and techniques of social investigation and promoter and coordinator of some Masters including social economics and nonprofit organizations and social economics and international cooperations he is also he is also been
Director of CP cipsi Italy Federation of 45 NOS present in more than 60 countries around the world with his investigations he is interested in local developmental processes such as the construction of territorial identities that imply the affirmation of Rights ontological reasion through the strengthening of associative and Democratic forms of
Production in this direction he works to what is called an economic phenomenology which aims to observe the economy starting from the relationship between the subject and materiality which proposes functions and ideas and concept and airation of the relational identity of a Democratic Society which defines an ontological reason as opposed
To the utilitarian one he has published various books and scientific articles from which he explains concept such ecological socialization and democracy demand for the right for the people mesoeconomic approach and the principle of economy phenomenology as his latest book we mention the economy is a social phenomena principles of economic
Phenomenology in 2019 published with udba oops and the Lambs capitalist society and the way out in 2017 published from Jaa books so with this I introduce Francisco vgar Al so thank you yes sir yes sir okay thank you so much thank you so much Professor
S thank you so much to H for organizing this important event for me and and for the topic we are we are dealing with I think that it’s really important this moment to to speak to talk and discuss about economic system and rights we have created a a UNESCO chair as you said
Before that we are working with more than 20 University all over the world and we are discussing with we work with seminars Symposium conference we had a conference with no no choni last first of May of May and um and we do formation too we we do uh training activities too
And um it’s an honor for me to stay with you and to to think together eventually activities in India H where we can we can work together before you give me the you give me the to you give me the the work to introduce the the topic and I would like
To to introduce some some ideas some ideas about system toize in order to discuss after with the important relators that are here with us and to do this H to address the seminar and the main topic I would like to propose two sets of problem the first of of a
Theoretical nature specific to economic science and the other regarding the concrete effects that the dominant economic model models produce in the world where today we assist inequalities that undermine assist more inequalities that undermine human rights for RO are accent accentuated the synthesis of this problem in my opinion can be read today
In the process of economic financialization that we have witnessed since the 1970 in fact in the 1970 when Nixon disengaged the dollar from the gold base of the United States of America the economy for various reason but first of all due to the use of the financial speculation transaction became
Financialized over the years it produced what we can call the loss of the relation between economy and society that is the Detachment from its needs and also from a vision of Life as a collective forus a large large Market Society is born GED by individual interest and today more than ever
Legitimated in the International Financial Market also due to the process of of globalization that was about to take place the tension between in individual interest and Collective relational relational identity what we call in our CH in our chair we call ontological reason of people reaches its highest level through economic
Globalization that a reverse important problem that today affects the quality of democracies in terms of affirmation of Rights for all in this direction a study by dalan cob shows that from the second half of the 17 in the the same United States the growth of monetary World measured measured through the
Gross domestic product no longer correspond to real welfare which include service and distribution of wealth but with new poverties and conflicts a situation that is also observed both in problem with environmental environment excuse me externalities and with the phenomenon called jobless growth ER many Factor are prey in these
New realities among them social behavior that as evidenced by a concept of social capital defined by B observed in capitalist societies everything is reduced to personal interest even social relationship the e omy is no longer concerned with caring for World identity of the peoples but with maintaining the
System as the their level of efficiency economic positivism with what I called before the problem of the thetical theoretical Dimension we are in the phase of the economic positivism in fact the father of the most famous K John nille KES in the in the 1891 proposed the distinction between positive
Economics and normative one by positive economic is understood description of the fun functioning functioning of an economic system as it is and by normative economic it is understood the evaluation of what is desirable for its cost and benefits in other words economic positivism based on utilit utilitarian rationalism takes over economic signs
And leaves out important consideration such say what kind of society do we want to build considerations that consideration that are also built with the tools of the culture and in the inter relational way among people and with nature environmental for all this reason we can affirm that individual
Interests that is the aim of the microeconomic founded by Adam Smith are inadequate to carry out the social welfare for all people who live in a relational way and on the other hand the macroeconomy founded by kenis Deals Only with a demand conception of good without saying
Anything if these goods are related to the right of people or respond only to imperative of growth for Amara s for example this represented the crucial The crucial problem of the Contemporary era that need to be answered that is how can we overcome utilitarian rational and narrow this Gap some effects of all
These are for example increase in inequalities and concentration of wealth in some areas of rich country since 1960 when the first research was conducted in more than of in more than 30 countries around the world the gap between rich and pool has been increasing around the
20% of the richest country held to 80 82% of the world worth dates of the International Food of and Agricultural Development two billions of people work in the informal economy in the total absence of social protection in lowc coming countries Social Security is virtually not existent and in upper middle income
Countries it reaches only 28% of the poorest population dat is of World Bank in lowi income countries in the poor Queen Quint Quint only the 18% of worker receive social assistance and only 2% receive Social Security the corresponding rates increased to 77 7% and and 28 in I and middle income
Setting World Bank uh dates informal emplo employment exceeds 70% in s s sah Saharan Africa 60% in s in South Asia and over 50% in Latin America while in India it stands all around at around 199% despite rapid economic growth and technological progress in the informal sector both W and
Productivity productivity are sign significantly lower and worse benefits from nether health insurance nor social protection technology could therefore prevent Africa and AIA from industrialization enough to Old workers to enter the formal economy in Latin America and the Caribbean the 60% of employed workers and 28 of self-employed workers live in poverty all these
Decades the global economic has growth by S $65 per year while those belonging to the richest 1% have grown 182 times more at the rate of 11,800 per year Oxfam report to Tyson 8 if from this 1975 2012 there was a decline in the employment rate in business in in
Companies and the Enterprises by 70% in advance 75% in advanced countries and 59 in developing countries what we call before the jobless growth we we GRE but the the work the job the jobless grow the phenomena when we grew without grewing together with the job all these dat that
Only part show that the article 25 of Human Rights the charter of Human Rights is at risk today that is this dominant economic system cannot guarantee dignified living condition for all the inhabitants of the art for example the AR 25 the right toy the standard of
Living for oneself and and that of the family says States everyone has the right to a standard of living sufficient to guarantee the health and well-being of himself and his family with particular regard to food clothing housing Medical Care and the necessary social services that and has the right to Security in
Event of unemployment illness disability with with old age in any other case of loss and live livelihood due to the circumstances beond his control how chair was born in the the our chair was born in this was born in this context our UNESCO chair with aim of promoting a
Critical culture of the dominant economic system problems and researching promoting models that put human rights at the center with his a we ask ourselves is it possible to always find in the charter of Human Rights a way to build a new economy but first of all a a
New vision of a global Society not financial and Market but a society based on the spirit Spirit of fraternity as states by the same article one of the charter of human rights for example the article one says all human being Are Born Free and equal in dignity and
Rights they are endowed with reason and conscience but and must act toward each other in a spirit of Brotherhood in a spir spirit of brood could they be the models of social economy ethical Finance for trade new practices that respond to a main needs namely that that of creating of a an
Economy that an economy that that you know an economy that respond to a demand of identity of society and not of consumption the the way we can we can we can we can follow what are the challenges in this in this turnning this what are what are the challenge ER that this practice
Can can have to transform these models or this these practices new practice that was born in the 19 the 19 years in order to create a global structure change in in a Brotherhood terms what are the models that can be taken from India as reference to escape from the straight jacket of positivism
Relational rationalities as the same Amara sen himself states with this question I would like to to finish my my time because I it was just some minutes and if you are agree and I immediately leave the floor to the speaker and and the professor sria as moderator thank you
For the invitation really again and uh it’s really St with you thank you Professor Francisco for open uh opening the discussion
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