Hello and welcome to Freedom me uh this is our third lecture in GS2 upsc lecture series historical background already complete we have also completed uh making of the Indian constitution and salian features of it third lecture will be the preamble to the Constitution of India now uh we will comprehensively complete the
Preamble to the Constitution of India sueme we’ll leave nothing behind obiously of the indan contition to you should be able to attempt it and hopefully you will be able to attempt it after uh making notes of this lecture so before we start recom very simple thing you memorize the Preble by heart because you never
Know the pr to the contion of India it’s very simple and it’s very easy to understand it’s very easy to memorize easy I’ll explain to you why because both systematic there’s a as they say there’s a method to the madness be it’s interl and I’ll explain
How we we as in everyone among us you me everyone who existed everyone who will exist we the people of India right this phrase the people of India we the people of India this has been we the people has been copied has been taken inspired by uh the United
United States Bill of Rights it shows where the power comes from the the power over the nation of India the people of India having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a so we have decided to make India de Sovereign socialist secular Democratic Republic decide it will be a sovereign it will be
Socialist it will be secular it will be Democratic and it will be a repblic this I’m explaining so that memorize again we the people of India power having Solly resolved to constitute India Sovereign socialist secular Democratic Republic and to secure to call it citizens justice justice justice which will be
Social economic as well as political Liber of thought faith and worship equality equality of status equality of opportunity and to promote among all them or equality to or among the citizens of India there should be there shall be fraternity fraternity is country fraternity so that frity assuring theity of
Individuality unity and integrity of nation IND very simple so as I said there’s a method to how this has been done so it’s very easy to memorize it for finally in our constituent assembly conent assembly on the 26th day of November 1949 to hereby adapt what what did the cons assembly do they
Adapted they enacted and they gave ourselves and give ourselves this constitution very simple making second lecture making of the Indian conent assembly Indian conent assembly making of the Indian contition assembly on the first day of con assembly jective resolutions pass contient assembly decided to do decided to do a certain thing con
Assembly of India made itself both the legislature of India as well as the Sovereign body of India expain uh sovereignity so constituent assembly legisl legislative powers 1949 otherwi normally because laws should come from the parliament con parament so it could make laws till 1949 or it had the power to make India into
This it had the power to make India Sovereign it had the power to make India socialist secular Democratic Republic it had the power to enact the Constitution now as we have discussed many times con Preamble to the Constitution of India was simply objective resolutions that were passed by Neu
Objective resolutions were passed on the first day of the meeting of the constient assembly last video very simply objective resolution almost all the words were the same but there were certain CH separately exam take so yeah again as I said memorize this by heart not only can this question be certainly
Asked you can easily uh write them or these if you remember them they can substantiate in your answer writing up not all of it but certain parts of it so this is very important and as I said it makes complete sense there’s a method to how this has been
Written after this we’ll see the ingredients of the preamble preamble right what what does Preamble give the constitution of India what does Preamble give us PR one Preamble explains source of the source of authority of the it is not because of the constient assembly it is not because of the
Government it because of the people we the people so you are sour so to the constitution of India you are the reason why constitution of India exists so you are the source of authority of the Constitution of uh nature of the state as I told you sovereign state socialist State
Secular state democratic state or it should be a republic third is it gives us the objectives of the Constitution objectives OB Constitution ortion fraternity among people and finally the fourth thing it gives us the date of the enactment say India start say Republic start start Republic of India would be
Started from uh Constitution would be started sorry from uh 26th November 1949 and as I explained last video Republic Day is celebrated on 26th of uh January the reason being it was bought on the same day but Constitution start India most of the provision start on 26th of November 19
49 sorry for the noise around sorry for that now as I said we have to analyze the con analyze the Preamble in detail so of the St what Tye ofia is so first of all it is a sovereign state now what is sovereignity sovereignity in simple terms explain it simply means non-dependence
On any other country sovereignity of a country means that country is fully independent to conduct its both internal and external Affairs there will be no interference from anyone now simple to understand but not many people do India 1947 but from 1947 till 26th of January 1950 again from 1947 till 26th of
January 1950 India was not a sovereign India act a Dominion it was a Dominion from 1947 to 1950 India British sovereign absolutely not I told you before few minutes ago sovereignity was taken over by the constituent assembly so India Sovereign from 1947 to 1950 was the constituent assembly of
India India Sovereign could as a country Sovereign B on the Republic Day on 1950 26 January 1950 it’s very important Sovereign sovereignity say you are free to conduct your Affairs in international Affairs I said say you free to join any International Organization or membership to any International Organization does not mean
Your sovereignity is C sovereign to you’ll be open to join International Affairs and second you can acquire or seed a territory or a part of territory of India territorial anation only if you are a sovereign by the way sorry for this many I have realized I’m not good at using
Mouse pad of laptop so many digital pen order from next video we’ll see that it’ll be far too easy and it won’t be this messy sorry for this so yeah back to this uh sovereignity yeah sovere you’re free to join any international organization and joining that International Organization will not
Curil your sovereignty and second you’re free to acquire or seed a territory only if you are a sovereign now the second thing is after Sovereign we are a socialist Constitution socialism give me a second yeah so the second part is we are a socialist Constitution socialism socialism means when the means
Of production and distribution are regulated by the state itself explain India level socialist but first we have to remember that the word socialist it was not original to the Constitution 42nd Constitution Amendment act 1976 under Indra Gandhi Amendment it’s very important it’s as important the first change was India
Became the word socialist was added to the Constitution of Supreme Court in DS nakara case is usually DS nakara case it’s DS nakara versus Union of India in 1935 said we are a Democratic Socialist country and not a communist socialist country in other words USS USS we are not a communist country we
Have some aspects of being a socialist country but we are a Democratic Socialist country scavi countries Jo countries on the far north of Europe like Denmark Norway Finland uh they are democratic socialist countries tax rates but they are a democratic country so again Supreme Court said we are Democratic Socialist country just
Aim the aim of our country as per the Supreme Court in SK sorry DS nakara case aim is to end poverty ignorance disease and inequal sorry inequality of opportunity so we are remember we are a Democratic Socialist country with an aim to end poverty ignorance disease and inequality of
Opportunity this is as per Supreme Court Supreme Court decision it was explained or socialist word intution it was explained in session of Indian National Congress in 1955 Inc session sessions before independence they even continued after Independence not regularly but usually five yearly sessions and one of the sessions was aadii session it was
Explained that our democracy will be a blend of Marxism and gandhian ISM with more focus on ganism then Marxism question do mention in the comments or but do mention has the LPG reforms of 1991 diluted this vision of Gandhi has it diluted the Socialist vision of our country up uh
Comments Reas com has it or and give your reasons for that now uh now if you ask me what is the slide what is the one word difference between Gandhi ISM and Marxism simply gandhism gandhian socialism it focuses more on equality of opportunity than equality of resources right ganism wants you to be
Equal as human beings uh to have equal capabilities as human beings not necessarily have equal output as human beings and one of the most important um parts of our Constitution that makes that gives uh wings to the Socialist inclination are the DPSS part four of the Constitution so after socialist there is
Secular again this was not uh uh original to the Constitution question if the word secular was not original to the to the Preamble con assembly does that mean our country was not secular before 1976 does it mean the answer is quite simply no because we have we have specific secular specific
Religious laws in our constitution in rather in our fundamental rights part of our constitution very important laws we did not need to include the word secular in our Constitution and one more reason is secularism the Indian version of secularism is almost not compatible with the Western version of secularism
So there was no need it was felt that there’s no need to add the word secular in the Constitution because Jo secularism explain in Western senses it has no meaning in India because Western countries say that secularism is a complete separation West May it’s a complete separation between church and the state
We call it gandhian secularism it’s called Sarma Sana that means we pay equal respect to all the religions in our poity because Gandhi says that politics without religion is a de trap so we have not completely excluded religion in uh uh our secularism but we give equal respect we give equal
Authority to all the religions in our countryes that’s why the world was not added however it was added in 42nd Constitutional Amendment act 1979 issue so after secular we have another word that is democratic right Democratic remember objective resolutions Democratic you we all know what democracy is Right objective
Resolutions instead of the word Democratic he used the word independent edar word change edar was criticized a lot rather assembly debates news surrounding the we call them the debates surrounding the contient assembly debates edar was criticized a lot is object to resolution change but explained the word independent is
Itself applied in sovereignity if you are sovereign you’re itself independent so there’s no need to use two words that mean the same thing in the Constitution instead of sovereignity we use the word Democratic because you can be Sovereign and not Democratic you can be independent and non democratic India is a democracy and
We have to mention democracy in the Preamble that’s why uh um edar changed the word independent to democracy so democracy implies popular sovereignty that means the authority as we said We the People The Authority comes from the people it’s from the people that India’s government comes into
Power what type of democracy do we have we have all the three types of democracy and they are fully explained in our constitution when we go through the fundamental rights and uh directive principles of State policy we have political democracy we have social democracy and we have economic democracy
Edar said that our democracy should take as broad a view as possible it should not be a limited democracy it should be an open democracy democracy implies responsible Executives government he should be responsible he is responsible to people he is responsible to legislature he is responsible to judiciary democracy means
We have Universal adult franchise all the people all the adult population of the country are free to vote there is no curtailment on any on basis of any race gender anything or the place you reside from you are free to vote and democracy means uh you have independent Judiciary whenever any of
The following that we analyze whenever they are violated that independent Judiciary can come in or will challenge executive legisl Supreme Court and RC po versus Union of India case 1994 Supreme Court said democracy denotes people’s power and equal participation of all the citizens in the PO participate Festival the festival that
Is democracy the festival that is election everyone is free to participate you are free to participate I am free to participate Supreme Court said in RC case again cases do try to remember them it’s notary there are certain important ones but there are certain for example this one you can substantiate your answer
Democracy questions democracy so you can write this in that and finally the nature of the state we are a Republic now what is a republic it’s Sovereign you don’t need to add independent but you need to add democracy if it is democratic why do you need a republic because even if you are
Democratic you may necess not necessarily be a republic for example United Kingdom Great Britain it is a democracy right one of the oldest democracies in the world but it is not a republic it’s a monarchy so Republic means the heads of the state head of the state is an elected
Member president he is the head he is the first member first person of India he is the head of the state rather AAL it’s a woman so she is the head of the state and thus and since she’s elected although indirectly elected by the members that you have elected by the
Members of the parliament so uh it makes India a republic like I said it needs to be needed to be added you can be a democracy it doesn’t mean you are a republic itself England is a democracy it’s not a republic second thing that Republic implies is that public offices are open to
Everyone president anyone can become the president of India prime minister of India our example is our current prime minister uh was not from any political family so he was a as they say a Chala he became uh the head the prime minister of the country so public offices are opened up second
Inclination second explanation of what a republic means and third is again sovereignity lies with the people so it’s with you and me sovereignity is not with a family or a monarchy it lies with common people so this was the nature of the state objectives of the state as I said
Preble explains four things but two are quite common ingredients that is the nature of the state and objetives of the state now what are the objectives of the state India uh sorry so we want to secure Justice to our people human rights violations with British British we want to give Justice to
Everyone we want to give Justice to you justice to me Justice to her insan who deserves it justice justice of social Justice economic Justice or political justice justice as the famous political philosopher plate will say it is the highest achievement that a state highest place that a state can reach
Highest achievement for a state is to give people Justice it has to be the ultimate goal of the state remember the word justice was inspired from Russian Revolution in our con tion right what type of Justice does our state look up to I’m distributive justice we want to have
Some sort of distribution I’m because of our taxes because of our schemes for poor we want have distributed Justice in India so after Justice there’s liberty when we were under britishers the most the most important thing that was curtailed was Liberty so the constituent assembly made
It crystal clear that we want to ensure that we have Liberty of thought expression belief faith and worship these were uh then solidified yes sub uh fundamental rights solidify but Preble mentions that our constitution the reason for our constitution is to make a state just State Justice liberty liberty of thought
Expression faith belief and worship we as I say so like justice is from French Revolution sorry Justice comes from Russian Revolution Liberty comes from French Revolution Liberty Essence there are absence of restraints there is opportunity to develop devop opportunity without any curtailment right however do remember that Liberty can never be absolute
Absolute Liberty in a way curtails the liberty of others so Liberty is never absolute it’s always qualified it’s and the third objective is to provide equality there should be equality between people there should not be higher and lower status of people neighbor regardless of how rich or poor he is from you
Neighbor him and you will be treated equally by the state of India nature richest person in India he and you will be treated completely equally by the state that entails equality in India equality of status everyone is a citizen of India regardless of how rich and poor he is
And equality of opportunity that is regardless of which background you come from you a Muslim you are a sik you are a Hindu you’re a STD you you an sc you are a Brahman you will get equality of opportunity in any office in India again fundamental rights crystallize them in the
Constitution so and again we have equality we have political equality we have economic equality D fundamental rights explain them uh economic equality to equality of opportunity and Status these will mean the fundamental rights from article 14 to article 18 right economic equality they are article 39 yeah article 39 in dpsp says talks
About economic equality and political equality means rights to vote right means right to contest an election so they are solidified in article 325 political equality will be in article 325 and six 325 and 326 Universal adult franchise In Articles rights to vote and finally say fraternity develop fraternity means Brotherhood means the
Feeling of Oneness means the feeling of indianness feeling of Oneness regardless of where you live you should have a feeling of that indianness that Oneness that Brotherhood and that’s what the Constitution would give you why so that your dignity is maintained and two reasons fraternity one to maintain your dignity and second
To maintain the unity and integrity of the nation Integrity word highlight because the word was again added by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act right it was not original to the Constitution originally it was written Unity of the nation unity and integrity was it right that’s why we have single
Citizenship remember we are the only Federation in the world that has single citizenship usually fation they have two citizenships state czh so that was the complete analysis of our um Preamble to the Constitution importance where does it lie in the Constitution or yeah let’s complete the analysis of Preamble
So this can directly be asked in your me exam what is the importance of Preble points at least we have discussed this many times we the people source of authority of the Constitution starts from We the People USA us Bill of Rights and the importance importance is remember it’s the philosophy of the
Constitution constition so that’s pointwise this will discuss in fundamental rights this has been discussed in DPSS Etc second it gives us the political vision of the country country how shall the government of our country act and behave third part it it’s not the plan PRS Preamble is not the plan butm but
Deliberately so that it remains as the summary of The Constitution the essence of the Constitution not the plan of the Constitution so na pyala a jurist he said that Preamble is the identity card of the Constitution do remember these courts important NK pyala said that Preamble is the identity card of the
Constitution K Muni again very important member of the constient assembly he said that Preamble is the horoscope of our constitution he’s the horoscope of our Sovereign Democratic Republic country horoscope and Sir AK AER Krishna Swami AER very important member again he said that Preamble expresses what we thought or dreamt so
Long in our freedom struggle in our freedom fight whatever we dreamt of India free that is Preamble it expresses that take so another the question is is Preble it might seem quite silly question to you but debate in early part of our Republic is Preamble the part of the
Contion and as I said it was adapted at the end is Preble the part of the constitution Supreme Court said any question Supreme Court is the custodian of the Constitution so any question regarding our constitution will be asked to the Supreme Court and it is the responsibility and it is the right of
The Supreme Court to explain that question to defend the Constitution or to uh or to altogether ask for ask the legislature uh for certain amenability certain amendments in the Constitution so it is Supreme Court is the guarant of the constitution Supreme Court is the protector of the Constitution so Supreme
Court was asked in buari case in short it was the case ing the exchange of exchanging of enclaves between India and Pakistan then um East Pakistan Jo called banglades so birubari case 1916 Supreme Court said no Preamble is not the part of the Constitution do remember even when
Supreme Court said so debates political debates we were continuously discussing but Supreme Court ended the debate for the time being Landmark case arguably the greatest case in Indian historyand versus state of Kerala very very important case we will do that but in this case in 1973 Supreme Court said yes Supreme Court said
Absolutely Preamble is a very important important part of the Constitution and Constitution shall be vied from the lenses of the Preamble this was said by Supreme Court and this was later strengthened in LIC of India case in 1995 Supreme Court said Preamble is not only the part of the Constitution it’s
An integral part of the Constitution so this debate was settled once for all question is Preble the part of the Constitution the answer is simply yes it’s an integral part of the Constitution one even if it is the part of the Constitution it is not the source
Of the power for the Constitution Preble Preamble does not give Constitution the power you and I give we the people of India we give the power to the we are the source of authority of the Constitution not the Preamble and second it’s not justiciable PR government
Ex and you want to justify it to the Supreme Court using the Preamble that will not be acceptable Preamble is not fundamental rights they are not justifiable but they are an essential part of the Constitution remember them second question is Preamble amendable again it’s a very simple question yes because it was already
Amended 4 Amendment act this was added this was added this was added so that naturally means it it is amendable you can amend the Preamble however Supreme Court again in kandari case clarified that this amenability of the Preamble will be subject to the basic structure in nutshell in kand bti case
Supreme Court said that our constitution has certain basic structure that that basic structure cannot be violated by the legislature legislature basic structure question basic structure we don’t know Supreme Court will keep on adding to that basic structure when the need comes so remember Preble is amendable but does that
Mean no because it is BAS it is um subject to the basic structure doctrine of the con stitution yeah that’s it uh that ends our discussion on Preamble deeply analy I hope you won’t have to read anything else you won’t have to do anything else this will completely cover all your
Syllabus of course you can easily attempt so thanks for watching uh do like the video and please subscribe Please Please Subscribe and do like the video share now if you want someone to have upsc lectures and if they’re not able to pay for them so this is
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