Hello everyone welcome to shun and welcome to this lecture today we are going to cover a very important topic from the perspective of your prelims examination I hope you have done the questions for this the topic for today is fundamental duties now fundamental duties question here it always
Comes just in two ways okay as with dpsp there are two ways in which you get questions for fundamental duties one is you get a direct question about the nature of fundamental duties so for example you can be asked that whether fundamental Duties are enforcable whether they are not enforceable these
Kind of things swaran Singh committee Etc which amendment were they introduced by Etc these kind of things the second way in which the question can be asked is you will be given a fact you will be given a statement and you will be asked whether this is a fundamental Duty it is
A dpsp or it is a fundamental right or it is written in Preamble where it is written so these are the two ways one is direct question and one is a statement based question okay statement based question so that is there so without any further Ado now because time right now is very
Precious when it comes to your prelims examination so let’s just start with the questions and as we do the questions like in the way we keep making notes I have already told you for the ones who have watched this video for the very first time the video of these series let
Me just tell you again how you are supposed to make notes from these lectures see if you have an existing pair of notes that is great you can add information otherwise you make notes on A4 size sheets not on a already bound register you make notes on A4 size
Sheets because the notes will be scattered here and there and at the end you compile the notes that you have actually created we will talk about it how we are going to do that so let’s go on to the question and what kind of questions can be asked the first
Question is with reference to amending the fundamental duties in the Indian constitution consider the following statement the amendment of fundamental duties requires a special majority in both houses of Parliament the amendment of fundamental duties can be initiated only by prior recommendation of the president of India and the fundamental duties can
Be amended through a joint session of parliament if there is a deadlock between the loksabha andaj now see all always go question by question do not take it in one go right always go statement by statement so if you see the very first statement it is absolutely true that there is special
Majority that is needed okay in fact not just for fundamental duties even for your fundamental rights your DPSS it is the same thing for both of them and the fundamental duties you require a special majority in both the houses of Parliament what is a special majority a majority of total members and
A majority of 2/3 of those present and voting now also remember that this total members is irrespective of the vacancies so let’s say in loksabha there are going to be 543 members now because Anglo Indian reservation is not there anymore so there will be 543 right uh when it comes to the total
Majority there has to be the number that has to be considered is 543 right it cannot be that let’s say there are 10 vacancies because of death or because of resignation or because of termination or whatever no it will be considered according to 543 only so first statement is correct then the
Amendment of fundamental duties can be initiated only by prior recommendation of the president of India so now please see what is an amendment of fundamental duties it is a constitutional amendment act under article 368 right and a constitutional amendment act does not require the prior approval
Of the president of India and on this part upsc has already asked a question there has been a pyq specifically and not just once about the procedure which is required for the con Constitutional Amendment many times a question has been asked so the second statement is incorrect right Amendment does not
Require prior recommendation of President of India so this becomes an application based statement right they are not directly asking you that does a constitutional amendment act require the prior sent it is actually asking you application based so you have to keep your mind open then fundamental duties
Can can be amended through a joint session again we know that there is no mechanism under article 368 for a joint session to pass any Constitutional Amendment bill so there are only two kinds of bill which cannot be passed through Constitutional Amendment uh through joint sitting one is money Bill
Because the rajas saaba does not have any power over money bill money Bill also includes your budget annual financial statement and the other one is constitutional amendment Bill not because rajas saaba does not have any power over it but because Constitution has not said anything about it there is
A difference okay so the third statement is also Incorrect and uh here it becomes very clear that only one is the correct answer now as we move forward what do you take forward from this question what do you add in your notes the amendment procedure for fundamental
Duties right so make a make just a oneliner in your notes in the beginning part of your notes that Amendment procedure it is amended by a special majority does it require the ratification of half the states no no ratification is required okay I hope this is very clear
This is not a federal provision this is required by special majority only let’s start the next question with reference to fundamental duties in the Constitution consider the following statements fundamental Duties are applicable only to Indian citizens and not to the foreigners the parliament has the power to prescribe the manner in
Which the fundamental duties may be enforced now you have to in these kind of questions you have to identify First whether one of the statements is incorrect or not because if one of the statements is incorrect you straight away come at the correct answer it’s very easy but but here both the
Statements are correct fundamental Duties are applicable only to Indian citizens and Parliament has the power to prescribe the manner in which fundamental duties can be enforced so Parliament can make laws to actually enforce the fundamental duties that is there however the puzzle puzzle is still not solved because you need to see
Whether statement two is the correct explanation for statement one so if you see about it there is no direct correlation with statement one and statement two right both are correct in their own right so here statement two option b becomes the correct answer that statement two is not the correct
Explanation for statement one I would here want you to add two things to your notes one is the first statement itself that they are applicable only to Citizens and the second is that Parliament has the power to prescribe the manner so if you get a statement an extreme statement like fundamental
Duties cannot be enforced in any way by the parliament this kind of an extreme statement sometime upsc sometimes gives these kind of statements so you have to reject that okay from this question I would also like to remind you that if you remember fundamental rights are something that
Are available both to Indian citizens as well as to foreigners ERS residing in India but there are some fundamental rights which are available only to Citizens if you remember only to Citizens right what are those fundamental rights just make a quick note in your fundamental rights notes if you need to quickly remember
And remember it with logic so the very first start with the fundamental Rights Article 14 is equality before law equal protection of law if any Foreigner does not know that their laws that their rights are being saved would they come to India no they would not so article 14
Is available to everyone however Article 15 is available only to Citizens why because Article 15 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race cast religion sex and place of birth okay place of birth so place of birth is a basis on which there can be discrimination further even on the basis
Of religion we can sometimes discriminate Foreigners for example citizenship Amendment act why it was deemed constitutional because Article 15 is available only to Indian citizens and citizenship Amendment Act was not about Indian citizens it was about the people who are residing in India who are looking for Indian citizenship so that’s
Why there were a few religions that were ex uh excluded from this particular act then which are the other Rights Article 16 is available only to Indian citizens why because public employment it is about public employment and you cannot promise to give public employment to any any and every person
Who is residing in India whether that person is a citizen or India of India or not so it is very obvious then Article 19 also that is freedom of speech and expression and within this there is right to Residence there is right to profession there is right to movement
Right to settle down in any part of the country we cannot give these rights to anyone and every one who is living in India whether that person is a citizen of India or not please try to understand right so that is there and another two rights are article 29 and article 30
These are the rights for the cultural and educational rights which are available to groups and to minorities these are also available only to Indian citizens right all the other fundamental rights are available to everyone who is in India right everyone whether it is citizen or non-citizen so
I hope you will quickly remember this there are five articles that are available only to the citizens moving on to the next question regarding the inclusion of fundamental duties in the Indian constitution consider the following statements fundamental duties were included in the original con constitution of India in 1950 and fundamental duties were
Inspired by the Constitution of USSR now which of the following is correct in respect of the above statements here again first find out whether one statement is incorrect and in this question you are lucky that way because statement one is blatently incorrect we all know by now that by 42nd Constitutional Amendment act
1976 during the National Emergency the fundamental duties were included in the Constitution so there is no way that statement one is correct and when statement one becomes incorrect you straight away go to the correct answer that is D now here I want you to add another thing to your notes please write
Down that fundamental duties were added to the Indian constitution by 42nd Constitutional Amendment act on the recommendations of swaran Singh committee swaran Singh committee now many people have this opinion that swaran Singh committee was the was constituted only to suggest fundamental duties no swaran sing committee was actually constituted to
Talk about suggested amendments to the Constitution right we all know that 42nd Constitution Amendment Act is the mini constitution of India Constitution was almost changed almost overhauled by the 42nd Amendment so swaran Singh committee had its recommendations for multiple things so if you get a question like
This please know that it was not just for the fundamental duties that saning committee was there another fact that you have to add here is that it was definitely inspired by the Constitution of USSR why because USSR is a socialist State and socialism thrives on duties even today Russia and China and these
Kind of countries no matter how capitalist they get in their Market they thrive on duties only so it is very easy to remember please write it down in your notes moving on to the next question question which of the following statements accurately describes the fundamental duties as enshrined in the Indian
Constitution fundamental Duties are justiciable in nature individuals can directly approach the courts to enforce them 42nd Amendment introduced the fundamental duties and 86th Amendment increased the number number of fundamental duties from 10 to 11 so which of the above statements are correct first find out the incorrect statement they are not justiciable in
Nature and add it in your notes fundamental Duties are non-justiciable that means whichever fundamental Duty you have courts cannot enforce them on you if there is not if there is no law to enforce it so for example the very first fundamental Duty talks about respecting the national flag
Respect the anthem Etc so respect the flag is a fundamental Duty however if there was no flag code in India then this fundamental Duty would be meaningless that even if you disrespect the flag you could not be punished for it because they would have
Been no law for it but right now we have a flag code that is why you can be punished for disrespecting the flag so I hope this is clear for you so first statement becomes incorrect then the 42nd Amendment introduced the fundamental duties we just did it this
Is correct and the third one the 86th Amendment added a fundamental duty this is actually also correct so here two of the given statements are correct so the answer becomes B only two okay I hope this is very clear to you you and there is no confusion 86th amendment was the
Amendment which talked about the right to education and it added it actually amended three things it added on article 21A in the fundamental rights right to free and compulsory education Elementary education second thing it amended article 45 we have already talked about it right and also it added on one duty
To the fundamental duties that is article 51a here I also want you to add one liners that article 51a in part 4 a talks about the fundamental duties another oneliner so your entire fundamental duties for your revision will be just one page in the end it has to be just one page nothing
More than that okay so uh that is there let’s move on which of the following fundamental duties leads to economic progress of the country now here is where you need to start remembering things and we will remember things together so there is nothing to worry about but uh after this question
We will go on to remembering all the fundamental duties so let’s just see first let’s just solve this question and then we’ll go on to remembering all the fundamental duties so the first statement is to value and preserve the rich Heritage of our composite culture then to uphold and
Protect the sovereignity unity and integrity of India and to provide opportunities for education to his child or Ward between the age of 6 to 18 years this should not be 18 years actually this should be 14 years so uh because in the fundamental duties it is
Written 14 years so just take it as 14 years now just think about it what which one of the following would lead to economic progress of the country a narrow view would say that only the third statement will lead to economic progress of the country if people get
Education then they go on to get more and more uh economically viable but a broader view would inform you that if our Rich Heritage of composite culture is preserved we will be able to move on in a particular direction and go towards economic growth then if there is
Sovereignty unity and integrity is there and people are not fighting against each other people are not going for secessionism then also there will be peace and that would lead to Economic Development and of course education would definitely lead to Economic Development so in so many ways all the three would lead to Economic
Development and that is why they are there in the fundamental duties aspect of it I hope it is clear and it is not seeming unjustified or unjust to you that many of you might not have marked this first statement as correct but you have to take a broader view when you are
Actually going on to attempt these kind of questions here let’s also start remembering the fundamental duties in a very good manner see fundamental Duties are like the opposite of DPSS DPS SPS are for the state the state are is getting directions from the Constitution but fundamental Duties are for the
Citizens okay the citizens have to obey and sometimes people forget this distinction and that is why they are not able to address the question so just think what kind of directions or what kind of Duties would the Constitution expect from the citizen the very first duty is very basic to abide by the
Constitution right because if you don’t abide by the Constitution then anything and everything written in the Constitution becomes meaningless and you have to respect the ideals the national flag and the national anthem okay ideas values national flag national anthem the next fundamental Duty that is clearly mentioned in your Indian
Constitution is something that has been asked earlier also and people often confuse it with DPS SPS see it is to follow the noble ideas that inspired our national struggle it is to National Freedom struggle actually so just think about it you need to create a set of citizens which is
Motivated enough to be your citizen which is motivated enough to do work for you so you have to cherish the noble ideas you have to respect and cherish the noble ideas that inspired the national Freedom struggle and this is something that has been heavily criticized also that what are the Nobel
Ideas should we follow Gandhi should we follow B should we follow V sarer Should we follow bhagat Singh who should we follow so that is an ambiguity but uh cherishing Noble ideas is obviously something that the constitution will say to the citizens not to the state okay so
You should be remembering this then to defend the country defend the country and render national service whenever required this is very obvious and this is something that should take you back to another article of fundamental rights see when we talked about article 23 right against exploitation we we did
Talk about the fact that if in any case State imposes the responsibility of rendering national service on you because of war or any such event that cannot be considered exploitation right we talked about it so this is the same thing exactly the same thing defend the country and render national service so
If you get an McQ about defending the country rendering national service if it is not asked word to word that that where are these words written then even in article 23 it has been mentioned about so you can choose always take up broader view right then another thing is next one to promote
Harmony promote Harmony and a spirit of common Brotherhood right a spirit of common Brotherhood the word fraternity is not written here the word fraternity is written in your Preamble it is not written here okay so that is there that is very important promote Harmony and Brotherhood and in the same Duty it is
Also written to renounce the practices that are derogatory to women so renounce practices derogatory to women so let’s say if tomorrow marital rate is made a crime in India if tomorrow marital rape is made a crime in India in that case this fundamental duty is being adhered to right I hope you understand
Then the next fundamental Duty that we will talk about is something which is overlapping with your DPSS is to protect and improve the environment is to protect and improve the environment okay and it is written in a very detailed manner that along with protection and Improvement of the
Environment we also should be having compassion for living beings we also should be having compassion for living beings so that is given both in DPS SPS the environment aspect to it in DPSS also it is given just remember the article remember the article and write it in the comment that in which article
Uh is it written that there has to be protection of the environment just think about it right just a second yes okay so these are some of the duties moving on further set of duties further set of Duties moving on just a second let me just clear it
Out so just make this kind of a flowchart for yourself and this will be enough for you to remember it on the day of the exam or one day before the exam that will be more than enough the next duty is to promote a spirit of scientific temper scientific temper humanism
And a spirit of inquiry and reform inquiry and reform please make no mistake here this particular aspect has to be taken as a duty for the citizens this is not a duty for the state this can appear as if it is being said to the state but this is actually being said to
The citizens this is a part of fundamental duties so please remember this then another thing is to safeguard public property this is also something that can appear as a direction to the state but it is a direction to the citizens Safeguard public property and abure violence okay that citizens should not be doing
Violence that is there and a very generic but a very high standing kind of Duty that is is given is to strive for excellence in all fields of human endeavor strive for excellence that way okay so just write Strife for excellence you will be remembering this is enough
For you to solve these particular questions and the last one which was added by the 86 constitutional amendment is the duty of the parents this is the duty of the parents to send their Ward who might be 6 to 14 years of age age into the free and compulsory education
That is being given so this is correlative to article 21 a I hope this is clear so just small mini notes I hope I hope you have made let’s move on to the next question which of the following statements accurately describes the legal enforceability of fundamental duties in India fundamental Duties are
Directly enforcable by the Judiciary similar to fundamental rights violation of fundamental duties can can result in penalties and punishments imposed by the Parliament and the Indian constitution includes a comprehensive list of fundamental duties leaving no room for ambiguity now this is very clear very easy question first statement is
Incorrect Judiciary does not have a direct role over here if the parliament makes a law Judiciary will implemented Judiciary will make sure that it gets implemented so this becomes wrong second statement is is absolutely correct Parliament can give uh punishments and penalties third one is again incorrect
Because as I told you one of the criticisms of fundamental duties is that there is a lot of ambiguity in the fundamental duties so this becomes incorrect so only one statement here is correct next question which fundamental duties can be linked to political development and nurturing the youth as
Future lead leaders this is application based question to safeguard public property to develop scientific temper humanism Spirit of inquiry and reform and to cherish and follow the noble ideals which Inspire our national struggle so definitely you know that if any of these things is being done then we are developing good political leaders
For the future so there is nothing to explain here all the three statements are correct next question which statement accurately distinguishes between fundamental duties and fundamental rights please read this carefully fundamental Duties are legally enforcable while fundamental rights are moral obligations fundamental Duties are outlined in part three while fundamental
Rights are detailed in part four fundamental Duties are subject to amendments while fundamental rights remain unalterable too many facts have been given just to confuse you but you if you really think think about it all of them are incorrect fundamental Duties are not legally enforcable fundamental rights are enforcable fundamental Duties are
Not in part three they are in part 4 a and fundamental rights are in part three then fundamental duties can be amended yes they have been amended once fundamental rights can also be amended the fact that fundamental rights cannot be amended they are unalterable it was
Given in golak case but not any any more by the cas of nand bharti case it has been made clear that Parliament can amend fundamental rights so here none of the statements is actually correct I hope there is no confusion there were too many statements it could have been confusing but don’t be
Confused next question which of the following is a criticism of fundamental duties of the Indian constitution they are considered unnecessary because people would perform these duties even without their inclusion some of the responsibilities are unclear confusing and difficult to comprehend and the list of Duties is exhaustive includes key responsibilities
Like paying taxes and family planning so here see it carefully that first of all they are not unnecessary so first statement becomes incorrect In fact recently there have been talks about making the fundamental duties in forceable so this is incorrect second one is definitely correct they are unclear they are confused
Yes and the list of Duties is exhaustive No in fact here I want to tell you a fact that there was this Justice Verma committee and a question can be asked about you know match the following and which of the following pairs are correctly matched so Justice Verma committee recommended some further
Duties as well for example paying taxes should be a duty then voting in the elections should be a duty so these kind of things were recommended by Verma committee they are still not taken into consideration but the list of Duties is definitely not exhaustive so this becomes incorrect
Right next question uh please add this to your note the Verma committee then fundamental duties serve which of the following purposes as a constant reminder to citizens of of their duties while exercising their constitutional rights as a set of moral principles for citizens to follow Vol voluntarily and to contribute to the
Development of discipline and patriotism among citizens so if you see each statement very carefully the first statement is correct that it is a reminder nowhere is the word legally reminded written so it is correct then second maybe it is written moral principles for Citizens so even that is
Correct and to contribute to the development of discipline and patriotism yes they are moral precepts they are not uh enforceable but still so you you see all the statements are correct and from fundamental duties you get philosophical questions also like these this is a philosophical question interpretation based questions right next
Question fundamental Duties are inext linked to fundamental rights DPS SPS and concurrent list of the Indian constitution so what are they linked to definitely some of them are linked to fundamental rights there no there’s no doubt about it some of them are also linked to the DPS SPS like we just
Talked about article 48a about the preservation of environment Etc but are they related to concurrent list of the Constitution see fundamental duties were added by by 42nd Constitutional Amendment act 42nd Constitutional Amendment act also transferred some five subjects from the state list to concurrent list but that does not make it inext inextricably
Linked to the concurrent list so here only two statements are correct only two options are correct they are not inextricably linked to the concurrent list of the Constitution I hope that is clear all right so with this we are are at uh the end of DP uh of fundamental
Duties it’s a very small chapter you can either get one question or you will not get any question it’s as simple as that there is not much application based there also when it comes to the fundamental duties just remember the fundamental duties make sure you know
Which one is Duty which one is dpsb which one is fundamental rights and how they are related to each other that’s all that you need to know for fundamental duties regarding this program that we are running running revise entire prelim syllabus through 3,000 plus mcqs we are running this
Program and all these subjects that you can see on the screen modern history Indian poity geography economy art and culture current affairs ancient medal environment ecology and Science in Tech all these are your subjects of prelims only and we will be covering them through 3,000 mcqs so you can contact on
This particular number and check the website for more details we realize the value of your time and that’s why we will be trying that all these subjects get quickly revised through mcqs and these discussion videos so I hope you derived some value out of this I will
See you all in the next class thank you for watching Bye-bye
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