Hello everyone welcome back to kamam Academy so we are starting today with the new series that is eia and in this we will be completing this polity sections in this poity sections like we will be dealing with each and every topic but in concise manner right so it is expected from you
That you will also be reading books as well as you will be considering this lecture to understand those concept which you have not understood from the books so that concept will be explained in very lucid manner here plus it is also expected that you will be revising
Through this lectures and after that you will be giving the test right so that is the expectation regarding the significance of the polity there is nothing to say it is the one of the most sign significant portion of this uh upsc prelims as you have seen that in 2023 15 questions has
Been asked and similarly the tends had been there 14 15 questions has been consistently there so you can get like 25 to 30 marks from the poity sections only and when you are getting from the 30 marks from the politic sections if you are doing it obviously it we doing
It in very well manner then only you will be able to solve all the questions so cut off is like 090 so one3 portions one3 of the cut off you can get from the polity itself right from where to read this is also a question so in these years the poity
Section has become more conceptual right so to have that concept conceptual Clarity you to read some of the exard textbooks and that is only the ncrs you don’t need any like very fashionable books for this politic section so this two books are very very important political Theory class 11th
And Constitution Indian constitution at work so these two books you should be referring for your conceptual Clarity because there are several questions which is coming in the and that is direct inter means that is having direct interpretation from the ncrt books so it will be easier for you
To interpret that question and to Mark correct answer in that questions right then we have this Bible of polity at least for the prels this is working excellently that is Indian poity by the lxmi Kant along with this there are few questions like whether any thing is part of the Constitution or
Not H so whether it is written in the Constitution or not so for that matter if you keep this constitution of India right and if you look at this few articles you will be looking at it so it will be very handy for you right you can
Have it in the physical form or you can just download the constitution of India in the PDF format and you can refer that so to avoid the con if you refer these books the constitution of India so to it will help you in avoiding all the confusions which you are getting during the
Exam right affairsr affairsr affs most of but as KAG was in news so you have to refer to the KAG chapter from this lexikan book and you have to read that because basic concepts in the exam for the prelims point of view so newspaper prelims point in this particular book so revise all
The concepts there itself right firstly we will be starting with the Preamble of the Constitution the basic parts say means what are the features of the Constitution what are the other parts how many part parts are there so such things are like little boring thing so prels point of view say
We will be starting from the uh this portion PR pble only and that things will be covered later on you I expect that you already know how many parts are there how many schedules we will be covering here right so that is there you already I expect that you already have
Read polity at least once right at least basic understanding you have about the polity take so Preble of the Constitution of India actually Preble during Independence this when on the 26 January 1950 when the constitution of India was enforced at that time Preble was different and right now Preble is
Different why there is difference because in 1976 through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act pble was amended and three words was added in this which included like socialist secular and unity and integrity unity and integrity of the nation right as you can see that in this part in this Preble which is earlier
Preble in this there is no Integrity word integrity of the nation is not there so there is no Unity only only Unity is there no Integrity is there The Sovereign Democratic Republic is there now we have Sovereign socialist secular Democratic Republic right so this is the con Preble of the
Constitution Preble of the Constitution is inspired from the objective resolution given by the pit jawah Neu the first Prime Minister of India right but this is not the direct copy of objective resolution there has been some of the portions which has been in Taken inspiration and that portion has been
Included in the Preamble so so you do not need objective resolution to remembered right what is there in the objective resolution this is the preamble of the Constitution right now that is we the people of India having Sol resolve to the Constitution constitute India into Sovereign socialist secular Democratic
Republic and to secure to all its citizen justice social economic and political Liberty of thought expression belief faith and worship equality of status and opportunity to promote among them all fraternity ensuring the Dignity of the individual and the unity of Integrity of nation in our constituent assembly this 26th day of November 1949
Do hereby adopt enact and give give to ourself this constitution so this is the Preamble of our constitution if you Analyze This Preamble so you will identify that there are actually four things which is there in this part be the people of India what does this indicate this indicates
That what is the source of the Preble what is the source of the people we the people of India is the source of people what is the nature of the Indian state it is the nature of the Indian state that we are sovereign socialist secular Democratic Republic and to secure all its
Citizen what is this these are the objective these are the objective India is having that India has has to get all these things India has to make to have ensured this Justice India has to ensur Liberty equality fraternity right and lastly on this 26th November 1949 so this is the date of
Adoption me this is indicating the timeline right and what is happening we thereby adopt enact and give to ourself give to ourself this constitution so this is the miss this we the people of India this shows that the source of the compal is the people of India what kinds of uh
Country we have to make we have to make Sovereign socialist uh secular Democratic Republic what is the different types of objective which we have to achieve that is Justice Liberty equality and fraternity and we have adopted this we have actually we have completed this Preamble on 26 November
1949 itself L Constitution was the last thing which came up which was adopted right to November start K right and through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act this socialist secular word was added plus this Integrity word was added so can Preble be amended yes Preble can be amended it has been amended only once
Right now we will be understanding these terms what kind of estate we have to make we have to make a sovereign estate what does the sovereign state means sovereign state means the state is independent in nature state is independent no external interference no external interference is there and state is completely independent
Just now just now that India got independence in on 15th August 1947 say India is completely independent there is no external interference from this right right why because we are sovereign state we are sovereign country right right we are independent country whatever is going inside our country that is a internal matter right
One question arises so if whether if India is the part of United Nation organization IMF World Bank for this India is having membership so does this Miss hamper the sovereignty of the nation no these are not hampering the sovereignty of the nation because India by uh its own organ right second thing is
Socialist right socialist socialism word what is happening current form socialist World ownership of land and property is being holded by the state as well as the private organization capitalism it is holding by the like private organization communis it is holding by the this state only right socialism that is socialist country we
Are a socialist country what does this mean that we are a welfarist country we will be trying to have the welfare of trying to achieve the welfare of the people we will be trying to uplift all the vulnerable sections of our society whether it is scheduled cast schedule tribes OBC other backward class
Any kinds right we will be trying to uplift it why because we are a socialist country in the socialist country government tries to provide various facilities to the society for example government is providing like health facility education facility Road facility right communication facility so several kinds of facility is
Been provided by the government right so it is a welfare country plus we are a democratic socialism why Democratic socialism because we are a democratic country of the government which is formed here is uh by the people popular sovereignty is there mean democracy definition democracy is for the People
By the people of the people so we are really following that and therefore our system the state we are having is democratic soci social ISM in nature and we are following this mixed economy types mixed economy types means there is uh holding a property and resources is
Done by the uh this private sectors as well as the public sector this domain May private for example this nuclear technology right okay defense so these are controlled by the government right but those are the sectors which can be privatized so they are given for the privatization so India is a
Socialist country India is a welfarist country where it will try to establish or it will try to have growth and development for each and every section of the society right plus India is a secular country what does this mean secular Western secular or Indian secular is completely different there is lots of
Difference what does India’s secularism means since India religion there will not be any religion for the state right the state me the government central government as well as the state government so they will neither promote any particular religion neither they will discriminate any particular religion there is no religion for the
State right Islamic country Islam but IND we do not have any particular religion as a religion of the nation or the religion of the state all religions have same status and support by the government right plus all religion if they are getting some kind of uh like
Funding if they are getting some kinds of extra benefits so all religions will be getting it’s not that any religion will be discriminated just because on the basis of religion right so state will be neutral in nature and we are following the principal distance model what does this mean principle
Distance model this means that we are not completely separate the state in our case is not completely separate from the religion if religion has some evil things like the Sati like the DOI system like the triple talak right so that can be eliminated that can be lessened by
Any act by the government by the legislature right so that can be done democratic Democratic now India is a vast country here about 140 CR population are there in India right so India is following indirect democracy in what is happening in the indirect democracy the people of the
Country they will be sending the representative and the representative will will be ruling the country right they will be providing all the kinds of services in the country right so what is this called that the people of the country is sending its representative what is this Doctrine called this
Doctrine is called doctrine of popular sovereignty right of popular sovereign people people are sovereign people have ultimate power right people are independent to choose whoever they want to send as a representative right so we are following the doct popular sovereignty and we are a indirect democracy in the indirect
Democracy why because lots of population are there so we will be sending our representatives and this kind Representatives will be ensuring different kinds of democracy political democracy economic democracy social democracy why because at the political level each and everyone should be uh able to participate in the election each and
Everyone should be able to cond uh me have to be uh contest in the election on the economic matters there should be inclusive development right on the like the social aspects there will be support for the vulnerable sections there will have to have equality and a status right so that is
Their Republic what does this Republic means Republic means the head of the state will be elected who the person who will be sitting at the topmost position in a particular state so that will be elected in nature no matter if they are directly elected or if it if they are indirectly elected
So even if they’re indirectly elected it will be called as the Republic right we are not the monarchy earlier before independence we were this monarchy types the queen of queen or the king of Britain where the the monarch of India also right so after Independence we
Ensured that we will be Republic now the president of India is the head of the state the president of India is the head of the country which he’s the having the topmost position right so India is a republic country just like in the but Indian president is indirectly elected
Right so in USA USA president is directly elected and they are following the presidential system so they are also Republic why because they are also head of the state is President and the president is directly elected right so no matter whether it is directly elected or indirectly elected The Head of the
State should be elected in nature that means Republic what are the other terms other terms are like the Justice we have to ensure social economic and political justice justice so that will be Justice right Justice will be social economic and political type of Justice it is being talked in the Preble of the
Constitution so what does this mean social justice will be there when all the section of the society will be treated equally right and those sections who are vulnerable those sections who have been exploited who have been discriminated since ancient times like the scst women right so such sections should be given
Some kind of affirmative actions so that they can be uplifted right similarly economic Justice economic Justice will be to have uh Economic Opportunity provided to each and everyone right so that they there can be inclusive development there can be upliftment of everyone there can be growth and development for everyone and
Political Justice political Justice in a country like we have above the 18 years of age every CI of the country are having right to vote so what is this this is political Justice every citizen of the country has the uh who who is eligible to the vote from providing
Other eligibility they are satisfying so they can contest in the election right so what is this ensures this ensures political Justice everyone can contest election everyone can vote right liberty liberty of thought whatever you are thinking that you have Liberty you can think anything expression whatever
You are thinking if you want to express it you can express it belief whatever is your belief regarding anything in the country so regarding any issue regarding the god regarding anything so that is there you whatever the faith me whichever religion you want to follow so that you can do follow whichever Faith
You want to continue that you can do plus you have the right to worship you can worship the God right so these are there in the Liberty everyone has this kind of Liberty right now this Liberty is actually two types that is positive Liberty and negative Li positive Liberty means you have been
Enabled you have been given such a scenario in which you can express freely right and this you have been promoted there is no restriction right plus negative Liberties means there will be there will not be any kind of interference there will not be any kind of restrictions so
Limitations that is will be negative Liberty positive Liberty will be you is promoted you are given freedom to do anything right to do thought expression belief faith and worship and we have equality there are two types of equality that is status and opportunity so in our country there can be rich
Poor there can be rich people there can be poor people right so there there are are having different kind of status right plus some person may have lots of opportunity some person can have very less opportunity so what India will aspire to have India will aspire to have
Equality means there will be equality of status no matter if there is someone is Rich someone is poor both will be equal in front of the law in front of the Constitution of India so they will have equal status in front of the Constitution of India as well as in
Front of the law right opportunity they will be providing equal opportunity it does not matter who competes for example in UPS exam but whoever is graduate they can and they are coming under the that age bracket right so they can fill up the form they can sit for the exam they
Can give the prelims now that opportunity should be provided to every1 that they should be able to give the exam right who will be completing who will be getting selected as the iOS officer so that will depend on upon the Merit that will depend upon the who have studed how much right
Opportun so within the society also equality will be such that there will be everyone will be equal on the status wise and every will be uh there will be opportunity for everyone right and to promote among them all if there is not any inequality if there is inequality for example
Oxam so like 10 top 10% of the India’s weest is holding 77% of the uh resources so if inequality is there then the government will try to have equality among everyone me try to reduce this inequality right then fraternity is there fraternity means Brotherhood common Brotherhood kinship right so there is
Fraternity should be there why to have the Dignity of the individual so that every individual should be treated on the with theity fraternity should be directed towards to to achieve the unity and integrity of the nation because if you have the common Brotherhood then you will not be discriminating among
Different section of the society you will be feeling that everyone inside the country is equal they are their they are your brothers and sisters diverse country here there is lots of diversity so we have to ensure there is unity in the country also this Unity will ensure that India is uh remain
Integrated right B internal security that is there like whether it is a part of the Constitution or not so both Supreme Court judgments it is not a part of the Constitution right but ultimately it has been decided in the case one and bti case that Preble is a part of
Constitution and it was decided in the 1973 and when it was decided that India Preamble is a part of constitution then obviously anything inside the Constitution that can be amended right and if that can be amended so Preamble can also be amended and therefore after kesan B in 1973 when it was established
That pble is a part of constitution it was later on amended in 1976 to the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act and then this word socialist secular and integrity word came into the pble and that was the only time when pble was amended whether it is justiciable in nature it is not justiciable in nature
What does this mean that it is not enforceable in nature means you cannot just go to the court if Preble is not implemented if there is mean in Preamble there is need to have equality equality of status and opportunity if you feel that there is no equality there is
Inequality then just for the Preble word equality you cannot visit to the court that why government is not doing anything to have equal Society why there is so much inequality why some section is having lots of money why other section is below poverty line so just
Because it is written in the Preble it is not as Preble is not justiciable as in the court as it is not enforceable in the court so you cannot just visit to the cour regarding anything related only to the Preble right rights which is J part right it is not justiciable
Part whether it is a source of power for any Member of Parliament or MLA no it is not a source of power for any uh parliamentarians neither it is any kind of it is having any kind of prohibition me it is neither a source of power nor
There is any kind of limitation because of the Preamble right then can it be amendable yes obviously as the Preamble is the part of the Constitution each and every part of the Constitution can be amended except the basic picture of the Constitution which was established in Kwan bti case
So Preamble can also be amended right and it has already been amended in 197 6 to the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act clear now so this was the Preamble right so you have understood everything inside the right most of the in the recent years great now the we have to cover another
Topic that is schedule there are 12 schedule in the Constitution right now but earlier there was only eight schedule after 8 schedule 9th schedule 10th schedule 11th schedule 12th schedule has been written in the constitution of India through Amendment ninth schedule has been written in the Constitution India through first constitutional amendment
Act 10th schedule through 52nd Constitutional Amendment Act 11 schedule through 73rd Constitutional Amendment act 12th schedule through 74th Constitutional Amendment act directly upsc question in the prelims that this particular thing is from which schedule right or which schedule has these Provisions identification questions so directly it will be
Asked whether schedule is a part whether it is written in the constitution of India itself yes these are written in the constitution of India itself one very important point you have to remember that schedules scles right related articles in the Constitution main Constitution why schedules have been written
Separately within the articles it is not written yeah after the that it is had been written as an appendix types books appendix right right so this is there then can schedules be amended yes schedules can be amended 10 schule after the state reorganization of the sikim so right now there is nothing
Related to Sim in the 10 schedule because that was uh means taken back me that was uh means revoked and earlier 10 antifection question that identify in which what is the provisions in which schedule right so that only you have to remember for the prelims point of
View schedule one of the Constitution it talk talks about States and Union territory their name and the boundary details right this is clear this is very normal thing schedule thing schedule two it talks about actually power what are the power and iments taries Etc of what president president president corresponding estate Governor
Right speaker of theing of legislative assembly Deputy speaker of rajha me it is not Deputy speaker like it is Deputy chairman Deputy speaker be plus Deputy chairman and the deputy chairman of Raja also so Deputy Raja Deputy speaker and Deputy speaker of State Legislative Assembly right plus same thing chairman plus
Deputy for the Raja plus chairman plus Deputy for the State Legislative State Legislative Council right plus Supreme Court Judge here it is high court judge right plus there is CAG right second right then the third schedule the third schedule it talks about the Oaths and Promises before going into the office
Each and every person or those members has to take the oath member right but the president oath will not be covered under the President and Vice President oath is not covered under the schedule three this you should remember this you should remember that the oath of the president and the vice
President is not covered under the schedu three of thetion of India candidate candidate ele of mins right Central level is corresponding state level candidates member of legislative assembly and ministers then Supreme Court Judge is corresponding high court judge right and C so these are the authority which have which is taking o right
CID Supreme Court judges judges and so this is there now schedule four what does this talk about India like 200 maximum 250 members right currently there is 245 members of his 12 are nominated and 233 are are selected from different states and the union territories deci 233 members union territories and
2 right for example up has 31 seats in Raja Sikkim has only one seat right so how this seat allocation will be there in the Raja that is their allocation of seats in the Raja is given in the schedule 4 of The Constitution of India right then schedu sched areas tribal areas right
The schedu five talks about scheduled and tribal areas Administration right and this is in the 10 states currently there are 10 states in which scheduled areas is being defined sched Tri population not scheduled cast scheduled tribe population is residing here in which schedule schedule five it is being covered right so scheduled
Area there are 10 States in which this scheduled area is being imp schedule five is being implemented like the Telangana Andhra Pradesh then urisa chattis gar jarand mad Pradesh Gujarat Maharashtra Rajasthan Himachal Pradesh so these are the 10 states where schedule 5 area is working schedule six area tribal people tribal
People particular Assam meal why because backward isolated right protected right therefore schedule six talks about the schedule tribe area schedu tribe population and in that area in the Assam meala mjam so this area will be more of them will be administrated they will be administr by the themselves
There will be self government right schedule six schedule seven it talks about three types of lists that is Union list State list congr list Union listate as well as the state so these are the three types of list is being given in the schedule s imagine
Near about 90 uh 100 item is there in the uh Union list near about 6 items is there in the state list 50 item is there around 50 item that is there in the conr list item main Constitution so detailed list of the Union estate and the power is there
Under the schedule 8 there is official language official languages there are 22 languages in our country which is officially recognized as the scheduled languages right initially language 14 to the 21st Constitution Amendment act then you do not need to remember these Constitutional Amendment acts for the PRS point of view Main’s point of
View answers right so these are the important facts that has not been the means Trend currently in the upsc papers right official language then other three language manipuri Nepali k language that is through the 91st con Amendment act and that has been the bord degree mle Sali so ultimately it become
The 22 scheduled language time right to property that was fundamental rights so to implement the Land Reform Act was very tough so therefore schedule 9 has been brought that any kind of act which will be brought under the uh schedule 9 that cannot be challenged that it is violating fundamental
Rights right the main purpose was bringing the schedule 9 through the first constitutional amendment Act was to have uh proper implementation of land reform acts in various States because land is a State subject right so B all these then theu 10 an problems that the people used to anti
Means the par members of the parliament as well as the state legislature used to defect me they used to uh contest election with some some some party and earlier they used to leave that party unability government so to stop that defection anti-defection law has been brought and
It has been put under the 10th schedule of the Constitution of India right then as you already know that the through the 7 3rd and 74th Constitutional Amendment act this local government has been established in the country PCH R system through the 73rd constition Amendment and arban local governments to the 74th
Constitutional Amendment act 113 Amendment 11 29 items right they will have the power on those 29 items within a state similarly through the 74th Constitutional Amendment act schedule 12 was added now this schedule 12 right provided 18 items on which the municipality can work municipality can perform municipality will have
Power right so these are the schedules you just have to remember that under under which schedule what is there inside the constitution of India right so is class may we will be uh stopping here in next class we will be taking up fundamental rights right so thank you thank you so Much
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