Good evening everyone uh so let us start today’s session juakali Amy I will give a brief on what we did yesterday yeah so we have started poity revision rapid revision first topic to Lo historical background uh and in this particular class we had covered uh a few regulating acts a few
Charter acts aruman government ofia so I’ll not go into this session again PDF so the last topic that we have had done was Preble yes this one all right so with the people of India having Sol resolve to constitute India in Sovereign social secular democra repu stat 1976 number of
Am the second important thing that we have to study about these definitions sovere is neither dependency Dominion which means that uh let’s say when India was not free 1947 indpendent independent it was under the British sovereign which means that India po itical administrative military civil G decisions because it was under the
British so decisions British government for the Indian people for the Indian population but after it was Independent India political civil military Affairs Affairs Indian Territory all the Affairs will be taken care will be within the Ambit of the Indian government only by Indian people only so let’s say that will never affect India
Decisions India is independent to take the decision so that is the meaning of sovereign that it is neither a dependency nor a Dominion both of the words so Technic depc meaning we’ll stick to what is important for prelims here second important point is Liberty Li abs of restraints as
Something so you have to remember this phrase as it is Liberty means absence of restraints as on indiv usually they can always work out they can always think or express our Liberty say yes that is in the Preble so that that will cover but last equality of special privileges definitely exceptions for
Example H St hwk OBC and then women child but in again statement absence of special privileges these are as it is statements finally fraternity which is the sense of Brotherhood now question or else the other way Justice provide for so the answer would be social economic and
Political let me introduce theen you can check here this point here that Justice is in terms of social economic and political similarly similarly Liberty Liberty is in terms of thought expression belief faith and worshiped statement they substitute different words instead of thought expression belief and sorry faith and
Worship it will not take more than 3 days okay and hopefully then you will not have A and opport so these will be statements which will be given as it St as check it out these definitions on the other rests equality absence of privileges okay the other important thing is when was the this one thetion aded 26 November 1949 our constitution was adopted
Enacted uh on 26 November 1949 this is our Constitution Day last so important important so these dates and these points are important actually we gave our constitution on the 26th day of November 1949 okay so that is all about Preble we’ll move to the next next topic that is Union and
Territory so from here answer is yesticles are very very important we will provide some links some shortcuts some hacks K to still uh to remember articles the best ways to solve uh section wise mcqs that is important so my honest request is then you try to so let me first okay that is
First part one part one about the territory I’ll repeat first India definition and what is so all of that is included in part one okay so I’ll repeat first part part itself gives the definition for the country okay what is exactly India what is the Union what is the uh what how the
States can be added or um they can new States can be established etc etc next part to part two is about the citizens India Tak so remember this sequence okay the Constitution is beautifully designed IM you know the world’s largest written Constitution randomly so so it is very beautiful
Design so I’ll repeat the first and foremost thing is the UN second okay so that part it constitutes the citizens citizens definition basically con that’s it it’s defining everything so the second part defines the people who will be staying in India that is the citizenship single citizenship Indian citizenship
Czh so that is why we have a single citizenship second part defines CIP third K fundamental rights so that those are added in part three remember that those are added in part three part four dtive principles of State policy so that is important 4 number after the government gave the
Directives but directives uh for the government sorry to make some guidelines after that there were some duties of the citizens also after after the 4 in the 44th Amendment during the time of Indira Gandhi so uh till here I hope it is clear we’ll repeat first is the definition of the state itself
Definition of the India as a country itself second citizens third cens principles so we’ll come into dets and then ciens of Duty four a four the part four gives the duties of the government part four gives the duties of the citizens as fundamental duties to amended which means that a stands for
Amended part I hope we are clear till here part by part we’ll try to finish Jun prelims point of view important let me remove this yeah prelims point of view extension we will not study for those soikis that is only because that might not be important from PRS point of view
Okay so quickly article number one number one article India will be replaced in if we go to change every that was named as India PRI so that was a recent controversy we will not deal with that we’ll not go into that but for now India that ISAT it will be a union of
States clear one sec uh am I not audible I say okay okay okay okay okay all right uh okay okay so yeah where was I yeah India is a India that ISAT is a union of States a component a concept Union of states that will come
To we’ll come back to this concept in a few of the later classes but it is not a federation it is not an agreement it’s a union of States a word meaning second the states the territories will be speci okay this is not important sorry okay this part is not so important
But that you can remember okay next important part is this article number two admission or establishment of new States and number so uh article number two says okay listen to this very carefully article number two says admission or establishment of new States a wordy okay number two is about new
States okay number two is about new States and article three form form a new state by separation of a territory from any state or by uniting two or more States or parts of states or by uniting any territory to a part of State this is very complicated basically it means number
Mostly was not a part of India then Sim was added okay so that way that way through article two we could do that okay just one okay sorry sorry for that yeah so number two remember admission or establishment of new States okay became a Al but just one example okay okay
Either state state okay times so that all of that part that comes under article number three so and definition of k India is a union of States India is a Federation of States India is an agreement of States etc etc you will go for Union of States then
There might be a question which of the following article uh talks about admission of new States new will be article number two but separation key okay please check the keywords then only be able to solve mcqs okay separation okay uniting two or more States or part of States okay ex the word
Existing that will come the of article number three all you have to do is catch the keywords for the first keyword Union of States article number one article number two admission or establishment of new States article number three separation uniting States or states form that will always be article
Number three as simple as that your topic you and is over okay St for Example we will do as a separate en as a so for that we hold another class it will be towards the introductory session wor but don’t worry about that that is this part definitely you can also consider this as a low priority topic recent Times article two and three so
That is why I have included this here and you can this defitely because State support controversy border problems so all of this comes into the Ambit of this political part so you can keep a note of this I hope I’m clear here okay let us move on to the next
Topic which is citizenship one of the most I sayi top but the key points direct as it is citizenship either by birth by descent word as us as like simple as possible I will say it will not take much time much like effort but yeah all you can do is see
Some basic definitions to do problem citizenship byal again a low priority topic so you can simply check the definitions don’t invest time in this topic okay 24 24th March sorry 30th March 30th January again you can go and check but still not that much of an important chapter um and uh
Regal okay I’ll repeat for this chapter you can check the definitions citizenship minim 24th March 241 sorry 197 something so those you can see La citizenship again very brief very short okay one important thing is our um citizenship is single citizenship again Federal it’s just one liner single citizenship okay these are the 11 sorry six articles 5 to 11 to articles to okay part India defin okay this is important articles there is not a single instance so you can just give it A suppose citizenships of certain migrants to Pakistan article number 7 okay then there might be a question on uh who can regulate okay who can regulate the right of citizenship by law options Parliament then only only okay most confus but remember that presidental Authority does not come here
In case of citizenship but uh regate for it’s the parliament first then the president gave the to it so citizenship Amendment act it’s an act regarding the citizenship so Parliament has the right to regulate uh sorry has will always regulate the right of citizenship by law okay but Parliament
Can make laws regarding citizenship a statement any word key any word law okay citizenship it’s always the parliament so click something like that article number okay there anyway so that you can check okay um citizenship extensively questions again I’m repeating uh whatever comes that will be within the Ambit of this and
Exra you will be able to crack it okay for now uh you can check uh in lakshmikant or any other online platform it is more than enough basic okay all right next important topic and one of the most important topics a to topic I will say
Um this has to be completed from Main’s point of view okay but it is worth it by I mean not 24 Hours by I mean at least five six hours fundamentals it’s worth it because you are going to get at least question fundamental rights or so that is around
Six to eight marks which is a good amount of score so for that extensiv then it’s worth it you can please devote that much of time what we are going to do is shortcut shortcut how to remember the Articles what are the basic questions that will
Revolve try to cover as much as possible quickly because already we have completed three topics FAL rights hopefully that we’ll look into all right so part one was regarding the part two was regarding the ciens right fundamental rights and these are the most controversial rights I mean topics
Studies whether they will they can be amended whether they cannot be amended whether they absolute or not point of view important from prelims point of VI I have summarized so direct Magna of India that is the Indian constitution actually basically Magna Cart of Indian constitution is the fundamental rights belongs toal rights
Only ad only fundamental rights are here number three is the Fe of fundamental rights now extensiv discuss this is available in ncrt available inef the first important point is uh fundamental rights are not absolute every fundamental right has an exception which means suppose article 14 exception exception except for only
Article number 17 okay article number 17 which is 17 yeah this one abolition of untouchability and prohibition of its practice exception right to equality right to discrimin right against discrimin for example for examp Equity because article number 14 15 excep that is why 17 except for even 24 25 everything has an
Exception no article is absolute okay absolute it is universal but in case of in case of article number 17 it is an absolute right which means that unability is not abolished by untouchability is possible but untouchability can be followed under this circumstances no this is not possible in the Indian
Domain this is not possible according to the Indian constitution please remember this question last’s previous questions question that one of the Articles one of the fundamental rights is not uh I mean all the fundamental rights are absolute except for one okay they are not absolute except for one so
Abolition of untouchability has no exception okay it is no it has no exceptions so all the fundamental rights in no fundamental rights they not absolute except for one okay except for one which is article number 17 I hope I’m clear this is the first okay apart from that
Fundamental rights from 12 till 35 this is the article from 12 till 35 okay till 11 is citizenship okay okay part one part two from 5 till 11 and part three articles number 12 to 35 okay these are Parts part is the bigger section or number of
Articles are the it is the subsection I hope I’m clear here repe can’t see the screen screen visible is the screen visible I hope the screen isible article 17 okay okay can other see the screen Shak can see the screen okay uh send me a thumbs up if the
Screen is up visible to most of you thumbs up reaction okay yeah yeah just raise hand okay okay all right right visible okay okay article number 72 17 abolition of this one untouchability okay article number 17 someone had asked yeah po okay so particular important point the fundamental rights are not absolute
By that we mean fundamental rights mostly exceptions okay I hope this part is clear fundamental rights are they have some exceptions okay that is the first thing article number 17 or because article number Abol of unability okay abolition of unability in any circumstances because they are untouchabl you cannot do that okay
Everyone has to be Treet equally and for that for that this particular article has been considered without an exceptions for in terms of employment women child St senior citizens because so equality to it is not in particular fully uh guaranteed because I mean we provide reservations but article number
17 ly prohibited in any circumstances okay in any form that is why it is said article number 17 is absolute okay yes say okay the next important point is Justice okay fundal rights for example you are a woman so you cannot go there again this although some things
Are hypothetical but I’m just talking in terms of actual practice of let’s not go into that I’m talking about the theory here okay so suppose someone discriminated on the basis of cxx or place of birth okay so if someone does that then you can approach the court directly without this point we’ll also
Do it tomorrow okay actual point but for now just remember the main uh one of the most important features of fundamental rights is that it is justiciable justiciable in the sense FAL right to violate okay remember this word violate then you can you can approach the court you can approach the court and
And it will be uh it will be made sure that the court sees into it which means that it is justiciable in any court of law okay whether it is high court whether it is uh Supreme Court so our a process to the enforcement of
Rits of approach that again is a part of uh RIT okay that’s again a part of um another section anyway so these two features are these two features are given mean very important from prelim point of view like books like I said NC there you can check but for now at
Least from PR point of you shouldi I’m just saying which topics I have explained it here which topics you need to do okay next part remove this okay so next is the features articles description let us complete that quickly so basically fundamental right now listen to this carefully rights
Toally okay one concerns with equality okay all of the all the citizens are equal okay second right to that equal to okay equ freedom to that is fine but also freedom explo freedom that is fine like I saids okay the fourth is okay in in any wayal remedies remedies Solutions okay
So this is the way that you can remember and this is the sequence sequence first of all equity and that is the right to equality okay and that is the right to Freedom okay freedom but that does not mean that you will exploit okay immanu Freedom n
You can exploit someone so that is why we have rights against exploitation we have rights for the freedom of religion violate by any chance if any of these rights get violated then there are some constitutional remedies also which means that to protect the above rights at extra right
Question which of the following is not a fundamental right so you have to remember we have a right to equality we have a right to Freedom we have sorry a right to exploitation we have a right to religion right to freedom of religion we have cultural educational rights and we have
Constitutional remedies okay we have have constitutional remedies I hope this is clear next right to equality 13 to violation of fundamental rights aiki uh 13 to right to sorry what is it Article 13 to violation of fundamental rights yeah that is a judicial review I’ll come to it next judicial review okay judicial
Review is not a type of fundamental right fundamental rights exctly okay to be exact 32 actually but it tells government so that power is given by Jud article number 13 that is judicial review okay now who can review it only the Judiciary can review it so that is not violation of fundamental rights
Fundamental rights of violation that is only given by article number 32 okay by this we can issue rates that fundamental rights are Justice article number 32 we’ll come to it okay we’ll come to it anyway so is important but Supreme so right now let’s stick to fundamental rights main
Important topics for PRS point of view okay yeah let’s quickly cover it so right to equality so from 14 till 18 Equity okay Equity before law and protection of law this is important from prels point of view okay this is important from prels point of view ACC 14 to as a law
As an article more than enough okay equality before law and equal protection of laws so article number 14 Equity equ protection of law basic def these are two separate parts okay these are two separate parts equality before law and equal protection of laws are two separate parts all right second article number
15 okay let me check Article 15 is one of those cases is this I’ll go to the point which is very important from prelim straight away first article number 15 this this one is the one which is um like as it shall not discriminate against any citizen on grounds only of religion race
CL sex place of birth or any of them okay second say this one article number 156 jundu e Amendment cluse okay this is read like this this is the sub Clause okay read it like that 15 Clause very possible um 103rd Amendment recently okay 209 okay and that is article 156 okay article
156 article 151 is this one prohibition of this part this is directly from article number 151 okay 15253 you can read important again they will give you mostly Li for suppose they will give that which of the following class Clauses they they have a special provision but
They have a special provision of right against discrimination for Schedule C and schedu tribe article 154 number two okay for women and children article 1534 153 women and children for 156 it is for ews economically weaker section important as it is 156 ews question okay fundamental right
Related to ews atmr that is 156 okay 155 socially and educationally backward classes okay for and mostly question 15 3 4 five are for women and children and this one schedule cast and schedule tribes four and five 15 okay repeating I’ll repeat 151 151 and two both of these constitute
Of the same statement all right 153 is for women and children 154 and five therefore schedule cast and schedule tribes 156 very important ews okay 156 only keywords attach only keywords those are important okay extra question that is guaranteed but 14 14 kindly you can only read the
Statement equality before law and equal protection of lawsin okay it is against discrimination on grounds of religion race cast SE and place of birth 151 and two 153 four and five important three is for women and children four are for SC and and 156 is for ews okay as this
Question they’ll give you direct question article number 16 is for employment key word is employment employment there will be equality article 17 already it is regarding untouchability and article 18 is about Abol of titles For Lord Wars we usually uh call it out out of respect it is out of respect but formally Lord okay so these types of titles are all abolished okay priority right to equality most high priority article number 15 article number 17 okay lower PRI but again very important so make
Okay so 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 this is right to equality article number 14 15 16 17 18 always second bar next priority okay first is very important from 19 to 22 we’ll cover in tomorrow’s class fundamental rights extra class okay we might not be following heav
Theable as a whole but don’t worry we’ll still cover it so we’ll hold a two hours class one and a half hours class extensively topic so I’ll um open the forum for discussion now I have turned on the microphone so doubts say please go on and ask me
For the next uh 10 I mean 10 to 12 minutes and then we will um like close the session I had some official work but we’ll definitely start at an early place tomorrow Sunday so regarding today’s session do you have any doubts by any doubts as a whole regarding polity
Please uh the The Forum is open for discussion hello hello V yes is actually Latin word without this part the Constitution has no meaning okay yes it’s actually Latin word that is called it’s just soal rights is Mag okay okay thank you Ma okay okay yes anything else ma’am yes M article okay we have the collection okay okay okay mind maker mind maker mind maker toam H the Mind maker of the Constitution of India is reflected in which of the following that is a preamble fundamental
Right directive principal of State policy or fundamental Duties UPC 2017 used then the answer should be the Preamble okay okay’ okay okay thank you of the the of the if you understand that right so For will not reflect what is in the Constitution then question dpsp dpsp is just like a guideline it’s for the government it’s a guideline for the government anyway whatever it is but the Preamble it will Preble reflects the entire G of the Constitution Concept last resolution but it is one of the most intellectual works it is one of the most beautiful designs one of the most beautiful summaries of any big impossible you can imagine three Okay sorry disconnect disconnect sorry Preamble it was a gist of the gist of the Constitution which was formed which was framed in the uh first like in three years so that is why question reflect sumarize everything the answer will reflect or move towards Preamble PR all right anyway uh any any other
Question yes any other question J question n then we will uh finish here and KY Ami fundamental rights and a few more topics we’ll cover so again my kind request is fundamental rights to please but it will be worth it okay so if there are no more questions then we can
Probably close the session for today okay so if there are no questions then we’ll close the session for today one and half hour two hours of class so kindly be prepared for that uh till that time please revise cor Sunday to utilize cor for maximum revision poity
Already itself but I’ll not promise you on that depending upon how much content we clear content okay then we may go for uh mcqs tomorrow at least 1015 mcqs we’ll try to solve okay then uh have I hope you have time revising okay thank you everyone I’ll close the meeting here okay okay
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