Today we are going to have the Hindu newspaper analysis dated 5th of February 2024 in today’s newspaper analysis we are going to cover the most important articles from the newspaper and also we are going to discuss a mapping topic that we have selected from the places in
News that are mentioned in the Hindu newspaper today so let us see the list of articles that we are going to discuss in today’s uh analysis session so these are the articles that we are going to discuss with you so we have mentioned the name of these articles along with
The relevance from the upsc uh exam syllabus point of view and also we have listed the page number from Delhi edition of the Hindu newspaper so let us see the first topic this is going to be a mapping topic and so the places in news so generally we call it to be
Places in news and this particular Island was in news it is known as Del F okay or Del Island so where is this Island located this island is located between India and Sri Lanka okay so between India and Sri Lanka so this is the southern portion of India from India
Let’s say Sri Lanka is connected and we can see over here Adam’s brid bridge is mentioned so where is Del Island this is the Del Island all right so this is the location of this island and this island has been mentioned in one of the editorial uh topics in today’s newspaper
So that’s why we have thought of covering this particular Island many of times the places in news related topics do come in the upsc prelims exam so this will make you ready for mapping section of the prelims exam okay so generally about five questions are asked by upsc
From the mapping topics and from geography point of view this is very very important okay apart from this there are many other locations also that that are important for example let’s say like over here between India and Sri Lanka there is a straight that is known
As Park stet okay Park stet so stet is a narrow channel of water that separates two uh let’s say like land masses and it connects to water bodies so this is known as Park stet so it is located between India and Sri Lanka so this is
The map between India and Sri Lanka and this is the location of Del Island so for your clear understanding let me quickly draw the map of let’s say Southern portion of India all right so this is the uh like this is the map of let’s say
India so over here we do have another country that is located so name of this country is Sri Lanka right name of this country Sri Lanka so this is the map of India this is the map of Sri Lanka and where is this Ste Island located this island is located somewhere
Here okay name of this island is d e l okay ft Del Island so this is the island that was in new so it is important for you that you keep a tap on these topics that come in the newspaper okay you can also draw a
Map of India you can draw the location of Del Del Island and you can keep let’s say like you know making such maps in a separate notebook that will help you to solve let’s say questions related to mapping in the prelims exam all right so I have included another map also related
To the same island so that this topic becomes clear to you so this is another map here we can see this is India this is part of Sri Lanka this is area of detail so this is where the DFT Island located or Del Island located so here
You can see we have included another map right just for giving you a clear picture related to this there are some other locations also that are important for example Parkway right and this is the Del Island it is also known as Nunu okay this other name is also very
Important it is known as nun tiu so I’m I’m writing over here Del Island along with this it is known as Nunu okay both these names are important for you to remember so with this let us quickly move to the first topic for discussion today right so this
Article is from Indian polity right this is important for the upsc meain exam under GS paper 2 and also this is important for the prelims exam right under prelim section all right so we are going to discuss about this thank you so much for joining Su uh so we are going
To discuss about this particular topic which says the path towards a pluralist civil society all right so this through this topic we will understand a broader concept related to Indian Society we will talk about about what do we mean by pluralist Civil Society we are going to discuss about some important Concepts
From the Preamble of the Constitution of India we’re going to discuss about the nature of Indian polity we’re going to discuss about let’s say some of the acts that are mentioned over here okay citizenship Amendment act we are going to discuss lot of uh many of these
Things so name of the first topic that we are going to discuss today this is the topic number one what is the name the path towards a pluralist civil society the path towards a pluralist civil society so before we start discussing this particular topic we need to start
Understanding the context right why we are discussing this topic we need to discuss the context so basically what happened right the government of India or India had a Parliament building earlier but recently a new Parliamentary Building has been constructed and after constructing that Parliamentary Building so the parliament has been shifted or
Moved from the previous Parliamentary Building to the new Parliamentary Building and after moving this right so the thing is all the member of parliaments were to assem in the new Parliament building on the very first day of their movement to the new Parliament building what they have done
They have distributed a copy of the Constitution of India okay what they have done they have distributed a copy of the copy of the Constitution of India as we all know that the constitution of India is the constituting document for India this serves multiple purposes because like
This talks about the nature of poity that we have right so we have a democratic country we do have a let’s say country that is run by the Constitution right so uh so we have a let’s say parliamentary form of government so all of these things are mentioned in the constitution of India
And in the original constitution of India some important keywords are mentioned these keywords are known as socialist and secular okay so I’m going to discuss about some important keywords one of the keyword is known as socialist second is known as secular so socialist and secular are let’s say are the words that are
Mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution where they are mentioned they are mentioned in the Preamble of the Constitution what is the preamble preamble is considered to be the preface of the Constitution of India this is the introduction to the constitution of India and if you talk about the
Importance of these these words like you know socialist and secular they have been added into the constitution of India by an amendment right long back I think 42nd Constitution Amendment act but if you talk about secular secular means the state right will not interfere into religious Affairs of any Dominion
Maybe it is Hindu Muslim Christians SS right isai or maybe people who follow Judaism right Jews and Anglo Indians and all so in India we do have many people right you know many people they follow different religion right according to their own faith so when we talk about a
Secular state so India is a secular State whereby the state maintains let’s say like you know some distance from the religious Affairs and religion is not banned from public sphere all right so India is a secular State when India became independent after then India has adopted a constitution we have enacted
The constitution in the constittution itself the Constitution starts with We the People right with the people of India like that with the people so with the people signifies that constitution of India has been drafted by the people and it has been let’s say given to the
People of India right by the people for the people this is the thing so here the nature of nature of country is secular it is socialist secular means like you know the state will maintain some kind of distance from the religion none of the religion will be given privacy over
Other religion there are many states across the world many states means many countries across the world that are not secular in nature right but there are many countries also that are secular in nature for example if you talk about United States of America if you talk about Great Britain these are secular
States these are secular countries if we talk about Pakistan so this is a Islamic State it’s not a secular state but India is a secular state but what has happened the the copy of the Constitution of India that was distributed right on the first day of the assembly right first
Day of the assembly in the new Parliament building to the member of parliaments does not have these two keywords in the copy of the Constitution book that was distributed they did not have these two words these two words have been omitted which is socialist and secular socialist means social socialist
Is a very important concept what is this concept talks about socialist talks about that like you know socialist is essentially about welfare is principle it talks about various things for example securing justice social economic and political Justice then Liberty of thought expression belief faith and worship and equality of status and of
Opportunity for all so socialist State means like you know it does have let’s say economic socialism it does have political socialism so there are concepts related to it so Indian poity or India as a state has been seen as a secular State as a socialist state but these two keywords have been omitted
From the copy of the Constitutional book that was distributed among the member of parliaments so this has created let’s say like a kind of Rift between the ruling party and the opposition party so there were let’s say like you know uh there were opposition to removal of these two keywords from the Constitution
This has not been removed by by way of amendment from the Constitution only the copies that have been distributed they did not have let’s say socialist and secular keywords mentioned in the Preamble so in this particular article the author is pointing towards a view that the path towards a pluralist civil
Society okay so when we talk about plural civil society means like in our country we do have Civil Society we will we do have Civil Society organizations we do have people who follow different faiths and different religions but they coexist together okay so what we need to
Do we need to make let’s say like you know cohesive bond between people of different religious Domin dominions for example there are people who follow Sikhism there are people who follow Hinduism there are people who follow uh Islam as religion so all these people are staying together in harmony with one
Another so the thing is the ideal of fraternity what ideal of fraternity fraternity means Brotherhood okay fraternity means Brotherhood between people right in India it should be safeguarded so here in this article author says that like you know removal of these two keywords actually let’s say like is an attack on the social
Socialist and secular fabric of the nation and we need to protect it at all cost and how we can protect it we can protect it by making our civil society stronger so that like you know Civil Society can resist Civil Society can oppose any let’s say like you know
Authoritarianism by the state so in this article author has also cited let’s say the citizenship Amendment act where people have agitated against the government right at various places for example in Una there was agitation by dalits against cast based violence and in pathalgadi movement of tribal in jarand the farmers movement in PAB
Punjab and harana and there was Nationwide protest by Muslims led by women against citizenship Amendment act so these things has been mentioned so the core idea of this particular article is that that when the state assumes authoritarian character when the state becomes authoritarian in that case we
Need to have a strong civil society that a strongi civil society must have let’s say like you know a sense of fraternity Brotherhood among them they should be pluralist civil society and they should be strong enough so that they can regist any such let’s say like any such
Authoritarianism by the state so finally in this article the author says the alternative to have the alternative is to have a civil society that functions as the handmaiden of an authoritarian State okay this is the thing so with this in this article they have mentioned or referred to some books also one of
The book is known as the constitution of India popular sovereignty and Democratic transformation okay so this book has been written by a scholar sabrani s so the author has cited many such books right this is one of the book then the author has cited about another book which is Japan’s Orient rendering past
Into history 1995 so these things have been let’s say cited by the author to make the Viewpoint of the author is strong in this article so with this let us quickly move to understand another article right so we are discussing the editorials of the newspaper and editorials come up with opinion they
Come up with counter opinion they come up with critiques so there are let’s say like if you read the editorials you will understand different let’s say ideas through these editorials the second topic it is uh like this topic is micr credential the next chapter in the higher education all right so this
Article has been written by our chairman written by the chairman University grants commission and was the 12th Vice Chancellor of jawaharlal Neu University so this topic is very important through this topic we will understand about higher education in the country we will understand how higher education in the country can be reformed
Or in this article the author has talked about various steps that the government of India is taking in this regard okay government of India is taking in in this regard so this is topic number two the name of the topic is micr credentials the next chapter in higher education okay micro
Credentials the next chapter in higher education so let us understand this topic is important under GS paper 2 okay it is important under GS paper 2 under let’s say education and it is also important under GS paper 3 because we are going to understand about how education can be
How higher education can be made so that it can uh meet let’s say the demand of the industry so Indian economy so we we will discuss about this particular topic from these two references so let us understand what do we mean by micr credential this particular keyword is
Very very important for you okay what is micr credential we will understand micr credentials versus macro credential okay versus macro credentials so to understand this let us first understand about macro credential for example there is a person who does graduation right a person who does graduation or a person who does postgraduation
Right or let’s say a person does PHD so these kind of education are known as macr credential because a person has to spend significant number of years of his or her life to acquire these credentials like if you want to do graduation at least you have to spend
Three years of your life after doing 12th or maybe four years or five years it depends on the course that you are pursuing so to acquire graduation you have to spend three four or five years right it depends on the courses that you are doing in case of postgraduation also
After doing this you may have to spend one two or three years depending on which course you’re doing PhD generally takes about four to 5 years it may take more than that up to 7 years as well so it depends these are known as macr credential now what do we
Mean by micr credential micr credential are these are shortterm courses what these are short-term courses right short-term courses and when we talk about the nature of these short-term courses so these shortterm courses are being provided let’s say in online mode or it can be provided in offline mode right offline mode or they
Can be provided in hybrid mode okay hybrid mode like you know nature how it is being taught apart from this they are certification courses what they are certification courses and this can be provided by government institutions it can be provided by private instit utions it can be provided by online platforms also for
Example you might have heard about corera you might have heard about Udi you might have heard about let’s say some universities in India for example if you talk about Delhi University after they have implemented the National Education policy 2020 right they started giving micro credentials also for example if there is
A student who has joined any undergraduate course maybe ba bcom Etc if that person drops out of the college after acquiring let’s say after doing one year of a study that person will be given a certificate what that person will be given a certificate of completion of one year right of course
If that person has dropped out after two years that person may be given a diploma right like that so micr credentials are something that let’s say skills a person in a particular field for example you are a person who has has gone through a course maybe of 6 months of one year
Related to banking sector so you will be having understanding how the banking sector functions and then you may get a job in the banking sector in any level lower level middle level Etc so that is importance of micr credentials micr credentials are booming one thing apart from this micr credentials are specific
To a particular field of a study it can be related to coding it can be related to banking sector it can be related to Insurance sector it can be related to any sector of the economy so anyone who acquires micro credential that person makes himself or herself let’s say like
You know competent enough to get a job in any sector and why macr credentials are important because it Bridges the Academia and let’s say industry uh Gap so in Academia in education sector the people who are doing ba people who are doing Ma people who are doing graduation
Postgraduation many of them are not employable because the courses that are being taught these courses are not the ones that are specifically needed by the industry right so there is a gap between what our higher education teachers are a student and what the industry demands and this Gap is bridged by micro
Credentials so in this article the author has talked about that micro credentials are very important it is a growing sector and in the National education policy right in the National Education policy 2000 I’m just writing it National Education policy 2020 right they have included micr credentials right they have been they
Are basically recognizing the micr credentials and they have created a system also for recognizing the microc credential what is that system known as that system is known as National Credit framework okay that system is known as National Credit framework ncrf National Credit framework so under this National Credit framework what they
Have done they have included or they have made something which is known as academic bank right academic Bank Bank of credit so here they have mentioned that like what happens let’s say like you know what uh this is academic Bank of credit I’m just writing academic Bank of
Credit ABC for example you as a person right you as a person let’s say A you have got educated from a particular University let’s say like you know you got educated after completing one year of a study what you can do you can drop out of this you can then join another
Institution right and you can do further study so the thing is the credits that you have earned from the first institution will be transferred to the second institution and cumulatively let’s say like you know after some time maybe after doing three years of study you can get a graduation
This is the thing so micr credentials are being recognized under the National Education policy they have created NA national credit framework and they have let’s say created academic Bank of credit so that years of students are not wasted so it has allowed multiple entry multiple exit system okay which is known as multiple
Entry multiple exit Okay meem system right it has allowed so you can take entry in one institution you can drop out of it you can join another institution you can take a break and then you can rejoin one of these institutions or you can join some other
Institution of your choice this is the thing so with this having understood this particular thing let us understand what what is the Crux of this article so author says higher education institutes in India can be the catalysis Catalyst in integrating micro credentials with existing academic programs okay so higher educational institutions can
Let’s say like know can integrate the micro credentials into the existing academic programs and it is going to bridge the let’s say Academia industry uh Gap so with this we have another article this article is also very good through this article we will understand a very important thing it says holding
Israel accountable okay this topic is important under international relations we are going to discuss about this topic this is topic number three it says holding Israel accountable all right so we all know let me quickly draw a map of is so this is the map of Israel this is known as Gaza Strip over here we have the West Bank right there are some countries that are surrounding this one of the country is Egypt then we have say Lebanon we have Syria we have Jordan over here we have Mediterranean Sea I’m just writing MC all right so this is the map of Israel so basically
What has what has happened as we all know in Gaza Strip there reide something which is known as Hamas so Hamas is a non-state actor Hamas means the Islamic resistance movement Hamas has attacked on Israel on 7th of October 2023 and Israel in retaliation right in its self-defense it is it has started
Attacking on Hamas but the thing is that attack that Israel has carried out it has not only killed people who are from Hamas but they have killed huge number of civilians they have killed huge number of let’s say children right Children of the age group who are below
18 years of age so in all Israel has killed more more than 25,000 people okay Israel has killed more than 25,000 people in Gaza Strip right and how many people did Hamas kill around 1300 to, 1400 now they have killed in retaliation 25,000 let’s say like you know people
Civilians in Gaza Strip so this has been this is being termed as genocide okay this is being termed as genocide all right so now we need to understand that what has happened so basically there is a country it’s known as South Africa what South Africa has done South Africa
Has filed a case in the international court of justice so South Africa has filed a case against Israel okay against Israel South Africa has said that Israel is committing genocide of the Palestinian people in uh in Gaza Strip so that’s why South Africa Wars that like you know Israel should stop
Committing genocide and the inter interal court of justice right has admitted this particular case why it has admitted first of all the international court of justice has seen whether it has jurisdiction over this particular issue or not so International court of justice has Juris jurisdiction on this case and
International court of justice is considered to be the primary let’s say judicial organ of the United Nations organization so what has happened basically the international court of justice has looked into the issue from both the countries it has heard south a South Africa it has heard Israel and it
Has released interim orders okay it has released what interim orders why interim orders because like if they go into investigating the case it may take another 3 4 years but by that time uh Israel might have killed huge number of more civilians so in the interim orders what they have done what
The international court of justice has done it has asked Israel to let say like you know to stop doing genocide and at the same time furnish the report within one month to the international court of justice that what steps it has taken to reduce the genocide or stop the genocide
From happening so the thing is in this article they have discussed about five important Clauses that makes a case to be admitted in the international court of justice so that that is mentioned in this article so basically why South Africa has reached over there because South Africa has taken an extraordinary
Step right to save the humanity from any kind of genocide so like you know this case is being filed under the genocide convention which convention this is known as genocide convention right this is known as genocide convention so this is the thing so this case has been admitted so
In this in this particular article what the author says author says that the icj’s decision is momentous because it raises serious questions about how Israel has carried out its military operations which tviv will have to answer tviv means capital of Israel so International court of justice has issued interim orders after
Looking into multiple aspects and the final thing in the inter uh interim order is that Israel should stop genocide and it has to answer the international court of justice back within one month and why International court of justice because International Court of Justice is considered to be the
World Court only the member states are members of this particular um organization all the countries that are members of the United Nations organization are members of the international court of justice as well now we have another article it says unending Wes India must incentivize fishermen to give up bottom tring so
This topic is important why this is important this is important under two important heading one is India Sri Lanka relations second aspect is like the issue of the fishermen so fishermen do fishing activities in the waters between India and Sri Lanka right by following two different methods one of the method is
Known as bottom cing right and other method is known as deep sea okay other method is known as deep sea fishing okay so the thing is deep sea fishing is allowed but bottom crawling has been banned by Sri Lanka in7 17 so what Sri Lanka has done in the year of 2017 they
Have banned bottom tring and many Indian Fisher men right they do bottom trolling not only in Indian Waters they sometimes cross over to Sri Lankan wats and they do bottom tring and many people have been arrested by Sri Lankan Navy in the past and so through diplomatic efforts
Indian uh Indian government has been able to let’s say like you know secure their freedom secure freedom of the fishermen who have been arrested by Sri Lankan Navy and also through judicial orders they are they are also released so in this article they have discussed
About H an island which is known as DFT Island DFT Island I have discussed about this island in the beginning of the discussion right so here we need to understand bottom trolling is prohibited by Sri Lanka but Indian people are involved in doing bottom trolling in
This article they have said that what we need to do is we need to make our fishermen understand that they can go for deep sea fishing instead of bottom bottom trolling and in this article they have discussed about the blue Revolution scheme they have discussed about let’s
Say like you know uh an act that has been passed this act is known as Tamil Nadu Marine fishing regulation act 1983 so basically it is related to how fishermen should should do fishing activities in the waters between India and Sri Lanka this is the thing so with
This let us quickly move to another article it says a sunshine initiative Center solar initiative should be accommodative to States okay so what has happened the central government the Prime Minister Modi he has announced that like you know he will secure solarization of rooftop of 1 CR households in the
Country right so here what prime minister Narendra Modi has said that like you know he is going to help around 1 CR people in the country right to to get what to get solar rooftop okay why solar rooftop because if we use solar panels it will reduce the consumption of
Electricity that are based on fossil fuel so this is going to be a green initiative it’s going to reduce our carbon footprint we will be able to reduce the carbon dioxide emission from India and it will help India to achieve Net Zero Target by 2017 so this is the thing however in
This article what they have discussed they have discussed that like you know there are many state governments in those states there are uh electricity distribution companies these electricity distribution companies are known as discoms okay discoms and many of these electricity distribution companies are making huge number of losses huge amount
Of losses and if the central government goes for solarization so the thing is electricity will not be consumed from these electricity distribution companies so they will further make losses so in this article what the author suggests author suggests that Center solar initiative should accommodate to the states they should accommodate to the
Let’s say dis distribution companies requirements also okay so when we talk about solarization this things so like you know the power distribution companies comes under Ministry of power when we talk about renewable energy when we talk about let’s say solar energy so they come under another Ministry which
Is known as Ministry of new and renewable energy m& re Ministry of new and renewable energy so this is a very very important article in this article they have talked about the solar rooftop scheme and and under this those households that consume electricity less than 300 units in a month right so they
Will be getting benefited under the solar scheme of the government of of India so those households that has a requirement of 1 to 2 kilowatt so they will be benefited under the central government schemes however through this article author raises this particular concern from the distribution companies power distribution companies that are
Working in different states okay so with this article let us quickly move to another article so like we are left with only two articles I have a little less time so I’ll be quick in covering this article so in this article they have discussed on UT’s uniform civil code so
We know uniform civil code is mentioned under article 44 of the Constitution of India right article 44 of the Constitution of India comes under directive principles of State policy so what what does unifor uniform civil code mention uniform civil code looks into various aspects related to when we talk about marriage right marriage
Divorce inheritance adoption Etc so what is uniform civil code basically in India we do have Many religious groups or many people who follow different religions for example people who follow Hinduism people who follow Islam people who follow Christianity people who follow Judaism people who follow Sikhism so we do have
People who follow different religions in India and they do have their own personal laws like you know personally let’s say like you know in their religion there are different ways of getting married right so they follow different customs and they do have different Norms means like you know in
Some of the religion let’s say like especially in this article they have mentioned in Muslim religion if a couple gets divorced so in that case the women have to wait for some time before she can get re remarried to another person right so so the thing is through the
Uniform civil code they want to bring uniformity into these different aspects how marriages should be registered how divorce should happen right how inheritance will be looked into how adoption will be looked into what what will be the laws related to adoption and all okay so when we talk about
Inheritance in India in Hindu let’s say like you know we do have the Hindu act under this we we do have various systems one is known as the AA other is known as mitaka inheritance so the thing is like you know different religious sects have different ways of dealing with these
Personal issues so through uniform civil court they want to bring uniformity in these aspects so the thing is in the state of utarak it is being seen that like you know within next few days within next four five days they may pass a uniform civil code in the state of
Utarak and similarly there are many other states also I’m going to write down the the name of states there are many states number one is utarak I’m just writing UK for our understanding then madhia Pradesh and also Gujarat okay in these three states basically they have thought that they’re going to
Pass uniform civil code and these three states are ruled by BJP right ruled by Bara Jan party so in this article they have discussed what is uniform civil code like what were the debates related to uniform civil code in the right uh in the constituent assembly and what was
The Viewpoint of BR edar so BR ambedkar was the chairman of the drafting assembly so what he has said that uniform civil CT must be voluntarily means those religious communities who want to adopt uniform civil Cod they can adopt it should not be imposed by the
State it should not be imposed by the government on the on the religious communities right so so in this article basically they have discussed about what is uniform civil court they have disc discussed in which states it is going to be implemented they have discussed about
How it is going to be implemented in utarak so with this let us move to another article it says the importance of keeping personally identifiable information save so what is personally identifiable information any information that can be used to identify the identify an individual for example your
Adar card your voter ID your passport if any of these document is available with someone so they can identify that to whom it belongs to okay why we are discussing this topic it is because recently uh the the website of the ministry of corporate Affairs had a vulnerability and that vulnerability has
Made open the details personally identifiable information of many let’s say directors of companies in India so the thing is under Ministry of corporate affairs right so all the companies that are listed in India right private companies public sector companies their directors are get let’s say digital signature certificates so their information is
Available with the ministry of corporate Affairs so like you know their system had a vulnerability right that had exposed the personally identifiable information of lacks of Indian citizens right that has exposed personally identifiable information of lacks of citizens and recently what has happened the computer Emergency Response Team of
India had notified this to Ministry of corporate Affairs and after notifying it what they have done basically the ministry of corporate Affairs has fixed this particular vulnerability so in this article they have discussed what is personally identifiable information that I have already discussed then they have discussed that has there been any other
Cases of breach of data has there been other similar vulnerabilities where personally identifiable in information of Indian citizens have been exposed so related to this here they have discussed about two three such cases one of the case is related to covid portal right which is V which was under vaccine
Intelligence Network so during covid time on telegram Channel there was a boat and using that boat let’s say like you know Indian citizens personally identifiable information was leaked and apart from this there here they have mentioned about another similar vulnerability so the thing is like you
Know there is a company it is known as re security re security is a American cyber security company and they have notified the government of India that personally identifiable information of 815 Indian citizen 815 million Indian citizens got leaked including Adar cards passport details right and they were
Being sold in the dark net okay however the government of India has denied those allegations however government of India has started investing ating on those allegations right so this is the thing so there have been let’s say many articles in the past also related to breach of personally identifiable
Information so that will be all from my side for the day thank you so much everyone for attending today’s session I hope you have a good day ahead thank you
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