If the another person follows his duty my right is being enforced so this is the beautiful blend of beautiful relation between fundamental rights and fundamental duties good evening students welcome back to Pluto so today uh we will see another Topic in our 95 days prelims challenge so the topic for today is
Fundament Al duties earlier we have seen fundamental rights and directive principles of State policy today we will see the fundamental duties so this is also very important important topic from the point of view of examination so right without wasting uh any more time we will go into the topic right so first
We will understand the concept of fundamental Duty so if you see the previous papers one or two questions are uh are being asked from the conceptual part especially in the politic subject for example uh two to three years back there was a question about the right to
Vote right to vote so here the question was what right to vote is what kind of right so the options were like constitutional right legal right natural right Etc so basically this is purely a conceptual question so there is is uh a greater chance of asking a conceptual conceptual question uh about the
Fundamental duties also so let’s try and understand the conceptual part of fundamental duties so basically the fundamental Duties are moral obligation and dedication so basically the concept of Duty comes as a moral obligation and dedication so it shows the duty shows a sense of moral obligation and dedication
To both individuals and entities so it shows the duty as a moral obligation second one is uh diverse daily duties the concept of Duty shows the diverse daily duties uh duties that a human being or a person performs so it shows the daily uh duties Encompass obligations towards family the workplace
And ultimately the modern state so a person has to perform certain duties towards his family towards his workplace where he works and towards the state also so basically this is the concept behind the duty right now we will see now we will talk about ciso an ancient Roman philosopher he also talked
About the beauty of a person so basically in his work the offices uh which means on duties see he explores the uh concept of Duty he says that uh duties May emanate from four distinct sources what are those sources wisdom Justice courage and Temperance uh Temperance so he says that the concept
Of beauty emanates from basically four things wisdom Justice courage and Temperance right another concept is interplay with fundamental rights as we all know we have seen uh fundamental rights are guaranteed to CI citizens that are Incorporated in our constitution also in part three of the Constitution fundamental duties so only
Giving fundamental rights to Citizens leads to Anarchy right so uh so along with right if he incorporate duties duties so that will lead to a balance so people will have rights and they will also have to perform certain duties that will balance the same otherwise if we only have fundamental
Rights that will lead to Anarchy and similarly if we have only duties and not the rights it will lead to slavery right we have seen throughout our history uh we have seen Anarchy also we have seen slavery also so there should be a proper blending proper balance between the rights and the
Duties for the uh citizens right next a proper execution of Duties signifies the signifies the safeguarding of basic rights of others so what it means it means if I am performing a duty my duty other another people’s right is enforced I mean and another person is
Realizing his right for example if I am following proper traffic rules another person’s right to I mean move properly or move freely uh move without hurdles that is being enforced so this is the way if I am performing my Duty another person’s right is being enforced right if the
Another person follows his duty my right is being enforced so this is the beautiful blend of beautiful relation between fundamental rights and fundamental duties right next concept is enforcement through faithful discharge so basically in our constitution fundamental Duties are being provided but there is no legal backing for this fundamental duties
Means which means there is no law if uh I’m not following a fundamental Duty there is no law that punishes me so it basically the duties have to be performed uh by my conscience only I should be willing to perform this uh the fundamental duties so in this way only
The fundamental Duties are being implemented or followed or acted upon all right next we will see the global incorporation of fundamental duties so Soviet Union earlier USSR this was the first country to incorporate fundamental duties the concept of fundamental duties uh in in the Constitution so this is
Notably it is the first country in the world uh to adopt fundamental duties in the constitution in fact this is the this is one of the countries which made uh the fundamental duties legally backing means if a person or a citizen is refusing to perform his fundamental
Dy he can be punished under the law so this is one of the uh this is Soviet Union is one of the country including former Yugoslavia and Albania right several other countries also Incorporated uh the fundamental duties in their constitution some examples are like people Republic People’s Republic of China India we have
Our countries also there Poland Albania C Slovakia Netherlands so there are many countries as the time pass by they have Incorporated list of fundamental duties in their constitutions so basically this is the concept behind the fundamental duties please try to remember and follow the point because there may be a
Question in the PR examination uh about the concept of fundamental duties right right right we will see how the how and where fundamental Duties are Incorporated in our constitution right first of all uh in the uh original Constitution that was adopted in 1949 the fundamental new duties were not
I mean they are not there in the original constitution in fact but indirectly there were some some fundamental duties under article 33 so basically people I mean the persons uh who are there in the armed forces and the persons who are there in the police forces they are
Expected to perform certain duties so these duties have been provided to maintain discipline in the armed forces and Security Forces so indirectly there was a concept of fundamental duties but this is confined to only armed forces and police forces so the reason behind this is to enforce discipline among these forces right
So the fundamental duties have been incorporated into the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment Act of 1976 so we will call this amendment as mini Constitution because a lot of Amendments have been made through this uh Constitutional Amendment act so basically because of this reason we will
Call call it a Min Constitution so the fundamental Duties are also Incorporated through this uh Amendment act so so so this these duties were Incorporated during the emergency period uh internal emergency period between 1975 and 1977 right similarly uh one fundamental Duty has been added in 2002 uh uh by 86 Constitutional
Amendment act that is related to uh right to education but the children below the age of 6 to 14 years so what this fundamental du is it recones the parents Guardians of the children between 6 and 14 years to uh provide Elementary education education as a right so it is
The duty of the parents or the Guardians of the children to ensure that the child is provided Elementary education so this has been made as a duty upon the parents are the guardians of the children right so presently uh they are provided in article 51a in
Part 4 a of the Constitution of India so here the fundamental Duties are placed so one reason they are not placed in part three of the Constitution is part three basically com comprises fundamental rights they are justiciable so fundamental rights are not placed here fundamental rights are placed along with the
Dpsp so dpsp these are non-justiciable so the fundamental duties also non not justiciable means there is no particular law to Force if one person is not following fundamental Duty or acting according to the fundamental duties there is no I mean there is no particular law to punish
That person so basically because of this reason they are placed along with the directive principles of State policy right one more important aspect is they are in alignment with the universal Declaration of Human Rights so they resonance the article 291 of the universal Declaration of Human Rights
Act human rights uh 1948 we have seen one McQ also based on uh about regarding this topic so the fundamental rights are in consonance with the article 29 one of the universal Declaration of Human Rights right so we will see the list of fundamental duties and then we will get
An idea that what holistically what the fundamental Duties are about and what they contain so when 42nd amendment was uh made and fundamental Duties are Incorporated basically earlier there were 10 fundamental duties but with the 86th amendment constitutional act one more fundamental Duty has been added that is educated the children between 6
And 14 years so overall now 11 fundamental Duties are there in the Constitution right the first duty is article 51 a sub Clause a abide by the Constitution and respect the ideals and institutions the national flag and national anthem so basically this duty is about respecting the symbols of uh
Nation right the second one is 51a sub Class B cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired our national struggle for Freedom so this is about respecting the ideals and goals of the um founding fathers of India so this is to respect and idealize the vision of founding fathers of the nation founding
Fathers right third duty is uphold and protect sovereignty unity and Integrity of India so this is about holding the sovereignty unity and integrity of India so basically we can see these particular words in the Preamble also right the fourth duty is defend the country and render national service
Whenever called upon to you so so every citizen should be ready to uh uh uh ready to serve the nation whenever it is demanded so every should citizen shall be ready ready to serve the nation so the actually the implementation of this can be seen in uh NCC National cedit
Cors so the students are trade uh on the lines of armed forces so a kind of discipline will be taught to them and also similar to National service scheme NSS so this is also basically aminat from this particular Duty so try to remember these two items these have basically emanated from this particular
Duty next duty is uh next particular duty is article 51 a a promote Harmony and a spirit of com Spirit of common Brotherhood so basically we also call this as fraternity we have seen the word in preamble so this Duty here is saying uh to protect the fraternity so fraternity
Protect common Brotherhood among all people of India transcending religion religious linguistic and Regional or sectorial diversities and to renounce practices that are der derogatory to the Dignity of women so basically this first part is with respect to uh ensure uh I mean bringing in a harmonious Society harmonious
Society and the second part is about ensuring the ensuring and protecting the Dignity of women all right next right is sorry next duty is value and preserve Rich Heritage of our composite culture right we have we have a particular dpsp regarding this one the state should
Ensure that our uh Rich cultural and um natural heritage should be protected we have a particular act to ensure that also and the same thing is mentioned in the uh fundamental duties also here the citizens should ensure that our Rich Heritage and culture is pro protected Heritage and culture is
Protected right it has been it has be made as a duty of every citizen to protect the rich Heritage and culture of India the next one is e duty is protect and improve the natural environment including forests lakes rivers Wildlife Etc and have compassion towards compassion for other living beings other
Living creatures so basically this is talking about respecting the rights of the rights of the animals or Wildlife so the animals have also have certain rights they have the right to live and uh so this particular fundamental duty is asking citizens to respect the fundamental I mean the rights of the
Animals and have compassion towards them next the next fundamental duty is develop scientific temper humanism and spirit of inquiry and reform so as we all know India has over the centuries suffered uh many kinds of disabilities for example one one one particular disability is uh superstitions so to overcome this disability
Superstition and to have a scientific temper scientific temper and modern ideology this particular Duty has been Incorporated so basically people should develop inquiry the spirit of reason I mean the art of questioning instead of blindly believing anything that has been said so the person should develop a rationality and question
Everything before uh believing a particular thing and the next Duty ninth duty is Safeguard public property and absor violence so this is also very very important duty uh we can see uh this particular thing has been violated many many times that during the protest rallies a lot of public property has
Been is being damaged and there are lots of I mean there is lot of loss to the state and also to the people of India so this particular Duty says that asking people to safeguard the public property and abs violence right the 10th duty is Strive towards excellence in all spheres of
Individual and activity so that the nation constantly Rises to higher levels of IND and achievement so it is basically asking the C citizens to look for excellence achieve Excellence so the people or citizens should strive for achieving the highest goals to reach The Pinacle of whatever they are doing
The next duty is last duty is 51 a that it is added through 86th Amendment act 202 uh 22 so basically the parents and the Guardians of the children they should provide opportunities for education to their children uh or WS between the ages of 6 and 14 years so
Basically this is about right to education for children so this is the brief explanation of the all the 11 fundamental duties that are Incorporated in the constitution of India right so as we have earlier discussed the fundamental duties they are not in the they were not there in the original Constitution that
Was adopted in 1949 they were added through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment act so there was a committee formed Med that was sing committee so the this particular committee sing committee recommended this committee recommended that there should be a list of fundamental duties so and the citizens
Of India are expected to perform or act upon these fundamental duties so the committee submitted a report and in the in the particular report it said that there should be a list of fundamental duties and citizens are expected to follow those fundamental duties so in the report of the committee the
Committee suggested eight fundamental duties eight fundamental duties however some duties were dropped from the list I mean some some duties have been omitted which were suggested by the committee and some other duties were added so overall 10 duties were taken I mean added to the Constitution through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment later as
We all know2 one more Duty has been added so at present we have 11 duties so sing s Singh committee recommended eight fundamental duties right now we will see the some Salient features about the fundamental duties so they are dual nature they are Civic and moral Civic means they are
Useful in day-to-day life and also they act as moral obligation I mean they come out of the moral obligation of the citizens so the duties possess a dual nature encompassing both Civic and moral Dimensions Civic means towards the society towards other people moral Dimensions means uh the duty comes from
Within person feels that it is my moral obligation it is my duty to perform this Duty so basically the duty come from conscience of the person next one is emphasizes the Indian way of life so many fundamental duties that are mentioned basically they show the Indian way Indian way of life for
Example respecting women right another one another one is compassion towards animals right so basically many duties that are mentioned reflect the Indian way of life right next one is application to Citizens only so the fundamental Duties are applicable to Citizens only citizen only so they are not applicable to
Noncitizens similarly when we were discussing the fundament FAL rights uh we discussed that only some fundamental fundamental rights are applicable to Citizens and some fundamental Duties are uh applicable to both citizens and non-citizens I mean they are available to foreigners also excluding the of I mean citizens of the enemy
Nations right another feature is clear distinction from fundamental rights so they are clearly separated from fundamental rights they are I mean the fundamental Duties are fundamental Duties are not placed in the part three of the Constitution they are placed in the part four of the I mean they are
Placed along with the direct two principles of State policy so in this way there is a clear distinction between fundamental rights and fundamental duties all right non-justiciable non- enforca so this point we have already discussed so if a person is not performing a fundamental Duty there is no particular law
To uh punish that person all right now we will see the significance significance means importance of fundamental duties all right so basically the fundamental duties have ethical social and economic implications to ethical implications social implications and economic implications next thing is cont contributions to environment and economic development so
We have seen uh the fundamental Duty one particular fundamental duty is there that is asking people to protect environment and wild life so in this way uh they promote environmental and economic development right this uh I mean protecting protecting en environment also uh I mean I mean also leads to uh
Promoting overall human development within the society next uh uh important thing about fundamental duties is increasing awareness and realization so over the years the awareness and Consciousness about the fundamental duties is increasing and people are more and more uh overcoming and forming into voluntary organizations voluntary organizations or Civil Society
Organizations and they are do doing their duties towards the society by helping uh those who are in need of the help of the other people so basically the concept and Consciousness about the fun fundamental duties is uh day by day increase increasing in the society that we can see through the voluntary
Organization voluntary organizations and uh Civil Society organizations next one is consensus across the political spectrum means there is agreement between all the parties agreement between all the parties about the fundamental duties uh if you see the example these were added through the 42nd Amendment uh act that was made in
1976 uh later after 2 years jenta government came into power so uh most of the changes that were brought through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment have been repaired or Modified by the 44th Constitutional Amendment uh Amendment but this particular section the part about the fundamental duties has not
Been removed or modified so this shows the consensus uh reached upon the uh placement of fundamental duties in the constitution of India right next is endorsement by courts and Civil Society so basically the Judiciary and the Civil Society also accepted the placement of fundamental duties uh in
The constitution of India so this shows the pivotal role of fundamental duties in the overall development of the society right so fundamental duties acts act as the inspiration for excellence so we have one particular Duty which ask the citizens to strive to strive to strive for excellence so basically the fundamental
Duties act as an act as an inspiration for excellence right the next one is legal actions legal actions reflecting the importance of fundamental duties so there there is a court case that is rural litigation entitlement KRA versus state of utar Pradesh earlier utarak was part of utar Pradesh so this particular case happened
At that time so this shows the uh Duty fundamental Duty related to Environmental Protection in the region of musor deu built so the tourism has been increased in the hilly regions or mountain regions and environment is being destructed there are lot of infrastructure development activities so
In this way the people residing in that area are facing the problem of I mean destruction of environment so The Honorable Supreme Court invoke the fundamental duty of protecting the environment so in this way the importance of uh fundamental Duty has been reiterated once again right now we will see another
Important aspect about the fundamental duties that is uh Verma committee report on fundamental duties a committee uh under the chairmanship of Varma JS VMA has been constituted in 1919 to examine and recommend for Effective implementation of fundamental duties so the committee has been appointed in 1999
So the uh Mandate of the committee was to look into the operational aspects of fundamental duties and recommend steps which can teach and education educate people about the need to obey fundamental duties so the committee has examined and it uh given some recommendations so the committee has suggested some recommendations
The recommendations are mainly pointed towards the persons who who are holding uh are who are holding public places public office I mean people who are part of the government so right we will see what are the recommendations that are given by the Verma committee it said fundamental
Duties raise the standard of citizen in public uh public life so the committee appointed that the fundamental duties raise the standard of citizens or people in the public life there therefore every individual should obey and promote fundamental Duty so this is the first and four most important recommendation of the committee next other
Recommendation all other recommendations are pertaining to the persons who are holding public offices so the committee suggested that public office holders should avoid avoid self selfishness and nepotism nepotism is favoring people who are close to them or related to them so so basically the committee is asking that people who are holding
Public offices they should avoid selfishness and nepotism their for foremost most priority must be serve the people’s interest rather than individual interest so they should ensure that they are serving the public interest not their own interest personal interest right next point is integrity should be the main principle in the functioning of
The public office so the first and foremost guideline that should drive the public servant is integrity right Integrity should be the first and foremost principle that should that should be guiding the uh action or behavior of the public servant next one is they should uh they
Should be as open as possible about all decisions and action which were taken by them so openness is basically transparency so they should ensure transparency in the actions or actions or decisions made by them right public officials should maintain honesty while in office so honesty we also have the quotation of
Honesty is the best policy so this is very very very important for public people who are in public life basically they should also maintain honesty in their public life all right another important uh recommendation given by the Committees leadership is very important in the sense that holders of public off office
Should promote these principles by leadership skill and set an example so first the people who are holding Public public offices if they follow fundamental duties so if they follow and implement the fundamental duties the other people will take it as an example and the common people will come out and
They also start following the fundamental duties so first the committee ask the public servants and the people who are holding the public offices they asking them to follow the fundamental duties first and set an example and become leaders so uh if this is done automatically the other people
Will be inspired and they will also start following the fundamental duties so in this way these are very beautiful and important recommendations given by the Verma committee right right next question next came the question that whether there should be a law to implement the to ensure that fundamental people are following
Fundamental duties so the committee also examined this thing and it said that there is no need for a separate law so there is no need for a separate law if a separate law is made it will look like a uh tyranny I mean I mean people are being made as slaves and it
Will kind of tyranical tyrannical action so there should be there is no need for a separate law uh and moreover the committee identified that already there are some laws there are laws through which we can enforce the fundamental rights we can realize the fun sorry fundamental duties through
Those laws we can realize the the fundamental duties and the committee also given uh listed the particular acts through which the fundamental duties can be realized so we will see the what are the laws recognized by the laws or acts recognized by the uh Verma committee the first one is representation of people
Act of 1951 so through this act uh the representative people’s Representatives uh MPS MPS and mlas who these people can be punished and can be seen that they will be no longer representing the people of representing the people so they can be dismissed from their office
If they are uh indulging or involving in Corrupt Practices so this particular act RPA act 1951 ensures this and the second one is protection of Civil Rights Act of 1955 55 so under this act people who are preaching and and practicing untouchability and causing disharmony in the society they can be punished under
This particular act so in this way fraternity and Brotherhood so in this way this particular Duty can be realized next one is the wildlife protection act of 17 sorry 1972 so this is actually for protecting and preserving in rare and perishing animals birds and plants so it prohibits the particular act prohibits
The illegal trading of animals so in this way through this act the duty pertaining to protection of environment protection of environment and having compassion compassion towards the other wildlife animals this can be realized so the next ACT is prevention of insults to National Honor Act of 1970 by 1971 this
Act through this act if any person insults or dis disrespects the national anthem flag and the Constitution these are symbols of nation symbols of nation if they are disect dis disrespected uh that part person can be punished so this is it ensures that uh fundamental Duty one and two are protected and
Enforced the other Act is Forest conservation Act of 1980 so this also uh helps in ensuring the fundamental duty of protecting environment protecting and preserving environment and having compassion towards the animals so it prohibits the usage of Forest for other human activities which leads to destruction of environment destruction of
Environment right so these are uh these are some of the important acts that have been identified the identified by the Verma committee uh try to remember this uh these acts uh in prelims there might be there may be a question about that uh this particular acts may be given and
The question can be like which of the following acts are related or associated with the fundamental duties so along with these acts some other acts may be given and you have to choose the correct acts from the list given so there may be a question from this part this uh acts
Part of the fundamental duties also so please try to remember now to uh check our understanding we will practice some questions that are asked in the previous exams so first question it has been it is being repeated because it is coming in each part fundamental rights the PSP and fundamental duties
The question is about the question is about the universal Declaration of human human rights Al in 202020 2020 other than the fundamental rights which of the following parts of the Constitution of India reflect the principles and provisions of the universal declar ation of Human Rights so we have seen Preamble directive
Principles of State policy and fundamental duties so all of all of these aspects reflect the Declaration of Human Rights so we have seen the fundamental duties also reflect the uh the spirit of Declaration of Human Rights we have seen particular article uh in the Declaration article 29 so this
Particular provision also uh fundamental duties specifically reflect the provisions mention in the article 29 of the fundamental Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 so the correct answer is answer d 1 2 and 3 the next one is which of the following statements is are true about the fundamental duties of an Indian citizen
So asked in the 2017 first option is a legislative process has been provided to enforce F these fundamental duties uh they are correlative to Legal duties first option is incorrect because no legislative backing is there for fundamental duties I mean there is no particular law to enforce the fundamental duties so this statement
Becomes incorrect next one is they are correlative to Legal duties legal Duties are there I mean the duties which are provided I mean made as a legal Duty I mean we have to compulsorily do that aspect so however this state statement also becomes uh incorrect because there is no
Particular la which is uh asking people to I mean which which is punishing people if part if a particular fundamental duty is not being performed so basically these both these statements are correct so the correct answer is answer D neither one nor two right the answer is neither one nor
Two all right the next question is uh to uphold and protect the sovereignty unity and integrity of India so is a provision mentioned in dash part of the Constitution so this question is asked in 2015 so the options are Preamble of the Constitution directive principles of State policy fundamental rights fundamental duties so
This particular phrase to uphold and protect the sovereignty unity and integrity of India is mentioned in the fundamental duties so the right answer is answer D fundamental duties so this is some brief information about the fundamental duties I hope you have gain gained some important important information through
This lecture so this is all for today see you next time bye
source
