[ ORIENTATION SESSION ] ANTHROPOLOGY OPTIONAL for UPSC CSE | By Dr. Arjun Bopanna

E for e e e e e e e e e e hello hello all right good morning everyone morning sir how are you guys doing very good okay so welcome to anthropology orientation class okay I’m Dr Arjun BNA and I’ll be handling your anthropology okay so in today’s class we

Will just try and get a overview of what you will be preparing for in upsc Mains anthropology optional paper all right and uh what are the strategies Etc we will try and understand all right so 8:00 in the morning uh grateful that you all decided to attend this session okay

So just relax and enjoy the class today okay so there will be no writing Etc so just try and get an insight into what is anthropology all right so a little bit about me before we start I’ve done my mbbs from uh kard Institute of Medical Science after which I did my

Post-graduation in medical law from National Law School um I have been an international athlete when I was in my school uh I’ve been coaching for civil services especially anthropology for past 10 years uh more than 100 students have cleared so far okay if we add you

Guys next year so that’ll add to my number okay and uh I have published author I’ve published uh books on anthropology also on biological anthropology so that’s a brief about myself um so with that let me talk about today’s agenda right so let’s try and understand what is

Anthropology okay so lot of us don’t know this subject even I did not know until I entered uh civil services or a preparation so uh uh let’s try and understand what is anthropology as a subject okay what do you study what does it deal with what is its scope Etc U the

Syllabus that is there in upsc okay having understood anthropology then the syllabus um you know what exactly we need to prepare I’ll not go into too much of details because obviously you are fresher you’ll not be able to understand the technical words but at least let me make a little bit sense of

What you will be preparing for in your um you know uh for upsc okay not from the technical point of view but once we start the class every time when we do a topic I will tell you which part of the syllabus we will be covering all right

And then what books to read what is our plan how do we cover anthropology make it interesting make it effective so that we can balance our optional paper as well as uh GS paper all right and then towards the end probably if I need to convince somebody okay to take

Anthropology why anthropology towards the end all right so that’s what we will will be discussing today all right right so what is anthropology and why did you guys decide to come and attend this session early in the morning okay what is anthropology so let’s try and understand what is that okay so

Let’s divide the word anthropo and lo logi okay so anthropos means mankind okay human whatever okay and logi is study so basically it’s the study of mankind as simple as that it’s a scientific study of mankind and everything about Mankind or humans everything so basically we study

Everything okay or rather we can study anything that is under the sun because everything affects humans is that okay so there is actually nothing that anthropology cannot study we can study the economic aspects we can study the political aspects we can study the cultural aspects we study the biological aspects the genetic aspects

The historical The evolutionary part anything and everything absolutely can be studied under anthropology is that okay so therefore the scientific study of mankind is what is called as anthropology okay now basically what do we study in anthropology is two parts if you if we try and towards the end of our

Discussion on anthropology you will realize that we would have touched upon two main areas of human kind one is the culture and the society part of it the cultural Society okay the social and cultural aspect of human Okay the other aspect is the biological aspect both are part of anthropology so

When we talk about see we as a I mean you know we are a biological organism so we study the biological aspect of it and at the same time unlike other species we are also a social animal that means we socialize with each other and we are the

Only species to have culture so we study about culture also a large portion of our discussion almost 80% of our discussion is this social and cultural aspect of humans is that okay so now if I tell you what is culture how can we Define what is culture see in anthropology we study

Culture if I tell you that right so what do you mean by culture so the dress that I am wearing that is culture the language that I am speaking that is culture the religion that I practice that is culture okay the other institutions like marriage okay like um

You know political organization that is culture the economic activities that I do that is culture so basically culture is can I say way of life can I say it is my behavior how I behave I greeted you good morning so that’s culture okay Namaste that is culture so

The way we behave with each other the way we interact with each other is culture so study the culture of people and we don’t do it alone we do it with a group of people so you are my Society so what is society then Society is group of people who practice this

Culture as simple as that so we need to study people’s culture and the way people organize themselves to form the society that is what they studied in anthropology so therefore you will be exposed in the the class the various cultures of different parts of the world we will be studying how different

Religious practices are there across the world and why it is there we study the different economic practices like agriculture pastural Society okay we study about uh the uh hunting and Gathering Society what is their behavior what is their religion how they organize themselves so you are going to be

Exposed in our classes to various cultural practices across the world and we reason out why do they have it what is the reason we analyze it we analyze it not from a just scientific point of view but it is more social cultural point of view that ultimately why do we have culture what

Is the reason that we have culture it serves a purpose doesn’t culture fulfill our needs tomorrow exam is there okay prelims exam is there what do you do other than reev ing your class notes just before you go you break One coconut you go to the temple or you go to

Whichever religious places it is there why do you do that suddenly all everything even though you have not studied everything is going to come to you no why do you do it why do you practice religion in this case because it reduces your anxiety right it and it has its effects

Because it reduces your anxiety you can start recollecting what whatever we have studied in the class and probably you will be able to perform well is that understood so over here for example this is your case your example we will be studying about other people why do they have religion for example

There are tribes who live in this island in Pacific Ocean called as Troian Islands okay in Troian Islands they live in series of islands where they have to go out venture out in the rough Seas the is very difficult very uh rough very dangerous okay they have to go from one

Island to another Island for doing trade but because the seas are so rough nobody would want to do it right but you know they’re all scared to do it but there is religion practiced in them there’s magic that is practiced on them they break One coconut or lemon

Or whatever we do similar things that they also do before they leave out of the island because they believe if they do this nothing is going to happen to them they’re going to reach the next Island very safely you understood okay so sometimes when things don’t work out our way what

Do we say we say oh my God it’s bad luck same thing in aande tribe in Africa they do the same thing when there is something bad that happens to them they believe that somebody else has done the black magic and what is the uh opposite

That they do or what do they do to prevent it they themselves will underdo I mean they themselves will do counter black magic you understood okay so like this these are the cultural practices that we are going to expose ourself in our classes to analyze why do we have it

Now I give you a reason why do we have religion religion brings about optimism in our life whatever you say you know whichever religion you practice but at the end of the day religion gives us optimism right it it says that yes everything is fine there’s no water in

Bangalore it’s okay religion is telling you don’t worry it’s going to rain very soon right and then you do Puja for rain also so making you feel comfortable otherwise what would have happened there would have been riots people would come on the streets Etc so culture serves a

Purpose so we analyze why do we have these cultural practices how is it developed and other things so this is what is the main aspect of one main aspect of anthropology we study the cultural aspects we study the social aspects when we say say cultural aspect we study the

Various institutions that make up our culture right family is an institution in some countries we have nuclear family in some countries we have joint family extended family why do we have that and today as things are progressing or changing today we have single parent family right unmarried couples living together live in

Relationships so why is it undergoing changes industrialization modernization these are the things that is leading to change we study those things we study about marriage marriage rules in some country in some parts of India like for example in Southern India cross cousin marriages are prescribed or preferred

Sorry it is preferred whereas in North India such marriages are considered if you do that gone you’re killed is that understood right in South India Village endogamy is there that means they marry within the village but in North India if you marry within the village gone again you are killed you

Might have heard of these honor killing example so there are different types of marriages there are different rules of marriages in some country there is dowy there is some country there is bride wealth you know to get married men have to pay women you might be surprised but

That’s the majority of the cases D is very rare some crazy people in some parts of the world practice D but actually majority of the people practice what is called as opposite of doy what is called as bride wealth so we need to study those things marriage what are the

Practices in marriage what are the different rules of marriage what are the economic aspects involved in marriage not only that okay in certain uh parts of the uh world when the groom is not able to pay bride wealth and get himself a bride he has to render service for 5

To seven years he has to render service to the father-in-law he has to go and work in the father-in-law’s field and if the father-in-law is finally happy after 5 to 7even years they get the bride and the groom married otherwise the bride has I mean the groom has to pay compensation to the

H to the father-in-law and leave and the kind of relationship the husband and wife have also depends upon the amount of money that they pay if they pay full amount they can take the bride and go home if they pay partial they can only visit the wife once in a while if they

Pay a little bit less they can only have claim over the son but not the wife so like that you have different degrees of you know Rel reltionship that is established through I mean see you are laughing at it because it looks very new and interesting they might be

Laughing at us saying that you only marry one person in your life you know there are societies where they practice polygamy where you marry more than one person they might be laughing only one how do you do this is it okay are you comfortable but we look at it that way

So what anthropology does is it exposes us to all these new cultures which which makes us much more sensitive that’s why if you ask me administrators everybody should know anthropology and that is also one of the reason why britishers when they were colonizing India okay the civil servants of the East India Company

One of their subject was anthropology that’s how anthropology developed also because of colonization anyways so we study about marriage we study about family we study about kinship relationship the blood relationship and marriage relationship we study about Economic Institutions how do hunters and gatherers live their life

How do pastural live their life how do you know horticulturists live their life and that in turn affects other parts of the society see for example an agrarian society okay you need more muscle power and therefore men are more dominant in such Society if you take our example

Also we are an agrarian economy so therefore agriculture is I mean sorry therefore our society is patriarchal meaning male are dominant but in Horticulture societies like kasas I mean kasis garos in Northeast India they are horticulturist and in Horticulture the kind of activities that is performed women have more to

Contribute and therefore who is more dominant there women are more dominant they take all the decision they own the property they inherit properties men are simply washing vessels at home so we know these kind of complexity and diversity emerges because of various factors so we study those and analyze

Them right we study economic aspects we study political aspects we study how primitive societies have political institutions we have modern society which has political institutions like democracy we study We compare how they are different ET one simple example right how many of you believe that animal I mean Human Sacrifice is bad how

Many of you believe if you don’t raise then I think you yeah okay so all of you believe that human sacrifices bad right we don’t have water in Bangalore why don’t we sacrifice some three four people you know we never know it might start raining that is what used to be

Practiced in primitive Society so you’re all against it because you know it doesn’t work yes or no but what about capital punishment there is a rapist who murdered the victim after that and capital punishment death sentence has been given to them how many of you are okay with

That right what is the reason behind that what why why are you okay with this kind of killing and not okay with that kind of killing you understood what I’m trying to say you’re okay with killing somebody over here and not okay with killing somebody earlier

Discussion so this is what we will be analyzing how ethics changes in society see the reason why we have capital punishment today if you read in Gs and all when you read politic uh polity and all you will realize we have capital punishment because it acts as deterrence it’s not for revenge or

Anything we give capital punishment because it acts as deterrence meaning it PR prents others from doing it you believe it or not anthropological Studies have shown that human sacrifice also acted as deterrant you know people when they are in difficult times like when there is no

Water when there is no food okay when they are struggling a lot they will Revolt to prevent people from revolting what the leaders used to do the leaders used to sacrifice people so that group some sacrifice that they conducted in Public Square acted as a deterrent to prevent others from

Revolting so anyway so these are the ideas the nuances of anthropology that we need to appreciate later on is said okay so political anthropology is studied the different political system the band The chiefdom okay the state how did they emerge what are the VAR what

Are the features of them how is Law and justice given in different Society there’s a tribe okay in South America where they are allowed to torture the accused until they tell their tell the truth so if a wife uh commits uh you know some illegitimate has a illegitimate

Relationship the husband has the right to torture the wife until she tells out the name of her lover this kind of practice is allowed in societies right in some societies among the eskimos okay of North America so over there they you know do uh certain magic practices and

Invoke the spirits to tell who has told the lies or who has committed the crime it happens even in our society you might have seen in movies they take oath on the religious book right so therefore those traditional practices still continue what is the what is the whole

Purpose of taking oath on a holy book even our MPS MLA they take oath saying that we will do that that in the name of God yes what is the purpose because again as I told you it has a purpose if you commit a sin by taking a oath then

You will be punished right so these are all the political aspects that we study so in culture we study all of these things actually if you ask me very interesting because you are going to be exposed as I told you to all different varieties of cultural practice I that

Exists across the world all right similarly we study about the social aspects when we say social aspects group of people how they interact with each other what kind of relationship they have okay what are the status and what is the role so basically we study in society the status and the role of

People okay in that particular group now for example this classroom can be considered as a society all right so I have a status you have a status because of my status as a teacher I have a role to play I have a role to play right same

Way your status as a student expects you to perform certain role and that is what establishes this network of relationship and that what is Con that is what constitutes our society as simple as that now because I have a status and a role and you have a status and a role it

Establishes a network of relationship if that is broken then there’s a problem if I start dancing over here then obviously it does not establish a network of and you all will walk out the society will break down same thing is happening in our society now a family okay is a

Society it’s a part of the society family has what father mother children parents have a state St parents have a role to play right similarly children have a status and they also have a role to play now modernization is leading to what modernization is leading to change

In the status isn’t it like say husband and wife is there traditionally they had certain status and certain role to play but modernization is leading to what change in the status women’s status is changing because of modernization legislative measures industrializing ation employment Etc education so their status is changing so is the role

Changing is the women’s role changing I mean yes women is today going out and working right earlier in traditional Society they were not allowed to change so we can understand the changes that occurs in society by studying it from an anthropological point of view these are the things that we study from social

Cultural point of view is that okay guys very briefly if I have to tell you what is the cultural and social aspect of anthropology the other important aspect of anthropology is this biological aspect because humans are a biological organism so we need to also study humans

From that point of view so we study human biology not from a medical science point of view or genetics point of view alone we study how biology has shaped who we are so we study the origin the evolution of mankind how did humans originate how did humans

Evolve is that okay so the different stages through which we have Evol all right so while studying all these things we also study human variation when we say human variation we study different races we study what makes us different from people living in Antarctica in Europe in polar region how

They are different from people living in Equatorial region what makes it different the temperature the environment and the cultural practices see for example okay you can go onto Chandra out and eat all the panipuri and Dosa and nothing is going to happen to you just imagine your cousin from us comes with

His kid who has not lived in India the kid eats one panipuri and for 10 days he is in the hospital dehydrated okay on drips so why because humans are different not just culturally also but also biologically what makes them different because we need to adapt to

Its and our environment so therefore we Mound ourself to adapt to this environment so we study that in anthropology we study the origin we study the evolution and we study human variation so all those things and all that we study over here also can be applied for the welfare of humans so we

Study the applied aspect of anthropology also so to understand all of this a little bit of genetics is also studied about genes because ultimately all the information is coded or is in genes so by knowing about genes we will be able to understand the origin the evolution and the differences or variations among

Humans this is what is anthropology so anthropology culture society and biological aspects is what is studied all right so very briefly I mean as we expose ourselves to more topics these things becomes very very simple and clear all right so broadly we can therefore have the following branches

This is what is there in our syllabus also in our universities Etc so we have uh different sub branches in anthropology anthropology as a whole and then we have sub branches one of the main sub branches is social cultural anthropology social cultural anthropology we study the culture where

We study the Society of humans then we have physical or biological anthropology the both the words are synonymous in the sense that uh the uh the old old word was physical anthropology the more modern word is biological physical anthropology is replaced with the word biological anthropology so that is what we that is

Where we study about human biological origin human evolution we try and study the human variations right and the reasons behind that all right then these are the two main branches in some universities including India we have additional branches that are there one is called as linguistic anthropology it is actually a

Part of social cultural anthropology but in many universities it is studied separately so I’ve just mentioned it over here then fourth one is archaeological anthropology okay where again it’s a part of social cultural anthropology but in some universities it is separated so archaeological anthropology is where we study the

Remains of our past culture social cultural mainly deals with the present contemporary culture whereas archaeological anthropology it deals with past culture so these are the four main branches in anthropology right so in upsc right so in upsc as I told you we have this social cultural anthropology right where we study about

Culture and Society we have Evolution we have biological anthropology we have biological anthropology so these are all dealt with in paper one one is that okay in paper two we have culture of India we study about Indian culture and we study about the tribals this is what is there

In upsc syllabus so we study about social cultural anthropology where we study different institutions like marriage religion and all of that we study the contribution of various anthropologists okay what do they have what have they contributed how they have tried to understand culture and Society then we talk about evolution in

Evolution we study about both physical Evolution as well as cultural Evolution when I say physical Evolution what we basically study is how humans have evolved from our ancestors the modern man we call it as Homo sapiens sapiens we have evolved from our ancestors in different stages so we will

Study how they have evolved what are the changes that has happened in this evolution in cultural Evolution we will see how the modern culture came into existence okay it all started with the stone ages right the stone ages then the metal age and then later so we’ll be

Studying about the Stone Age and the metal age the Stone Age are further divided into p Paleolithic misthic and Neolithic lithic means Stone Paleolithic means old stone age misthic means middle stoneage and your Neo means new okay Neolithic stoneage and then metal age so copper bronze and Iron Age so basically

We focus ourself to prehistory we focus on not historical but prehistory history means where you have written record we focus on prehistory where you don’t have written records the stone ages all right and in biological aspects as I told you we study about human variations the differences basically we

Will be studying about the variations and differences racial differences difference in growth and development difference in demog graphy okay all these aspects are studied to understand that we also study a little bit about genetics then in paper two we will be studying about Indian culture we will be

Talking about what makes Indian Society the value system of India like purusa wama okay Rina Karma Moka okay rebirth these are the value system that is there in our society cost system we study about different religion Hinduism jism Buddhism Islam Christianity and how it has shaped Indian

Society we study about the problems of various religion minorities groups we study about Indian demography right Indian population linguistic variations in India okay racial classification of Indian people all those things are studied to know about Indian society and culture then among so tribals are exclusively studied by Indian anthropologists so tribal who constitute

Tribals how are they classified classified on the basis of their race classified on the basis of their language classification based on their economic activities on the geographical aspects so what makes a tribe what are their characteristic features what are their problems how are they administered you know for tribal areas there are

Special administrative areas called as fifth and sixth schedule what is this how did this emerge how was it during the British time how is it now how Forest policies affect tribals how industrialization affects tribals what welfare schemes are there for tribals everything about tribals all right so that is what we

Study over here tribals and a little bit about tribes and how our nation has come into existence nation building so we talk about ethnicity communalism regionalism Etc over here also so this is what is there in our upsc syllabus if you look at it it’s as simple as what it

Is is that okay so you study a little bit about culture you study a little bit about Evolution you study a little bit about biology you study about a little bit about Indian culture you study a little bit about tribals a little about everything so therefore as I told you

Anthropology studies everything so every optional little bit part we are studying we study about sociology we study about public administration we study about political science we study about economics we study about history a little bit about everything we study is that okay and that’s how this also helps

You in your GS paper so this is what is there in your upsc syllabus you can go through it later after the class a little bit detail I’m sure you might not be able to understand but after 100 classes of anthropology you will be comfortable with the entire syllabus so

That’s the guarantee that I can give so in our syllabus so we will be doing the classes also like this only so I divide the entire syllabus of anthropology now if you go back home and you read the anthropology syllabus I will give you a welcome document once the group is

Created I’ll share a welcome document which will contain all the necessary information the previous year questions everything will be there so you have to go through it the syllabus also once you just go through it but as we do it in class individual syllabus topics we will

Take up and try to get ourselves familiar with but for now what are we going to do in our anthropology in our classes is the first part we will finish social cultural anthropology where we are going to study what the different cultural institutions like family marriage kinship religion economic poity

Okay Linguistics all these institutions one by one we will study what are the different types of marriages why do we have marriage what is the function of marriage how marriage is undergoing change right then the second part what we will be doing is Indian culture and Society where we’ll be talking about the

Indian social system right the value system the cast system and various aspects of Indian people that is linguistic classification racial classification Etc part three we will be talking about tribals and other marginalized section about them and all of that we will be studying okay tribes their problems Etc that is in part three

Then part four we will be talking about Evolution we’ll be talking about physical Evolution and then we will continue with our cultural Evolution okay both together if we are able to study because both influence each other culture has influenced biology and biology has in influenced culture so we

Study them together so in part four of our syllabus we will be discussing cultural Evolution and physical Evolution and the last part the fifth part we will be talking about physical or biological anthropology so this is how we will progress in our class so your entire classroom program is going

To be divided into five different modules all these five modules are different okay it’s not so much interconnected is that okay so all these five modules we will be studying separately okay social cultural Indian tribal Evolution and the physical or biological anthropology you’ll get more

Familiar as we do today what I gave you maybe uh just an introduction or just a brief idea as to what we will be studying but more in detail we will do it when we do our regular classes so as I told you social cultural anthropology I think now we have already understood

Social cultural we will be studying about people’s culture across the world not just India across the world its various institutions all right why do we have differences why do we have these cultural practices what are the changes that is happening why these changes are happening all these things are studied in Social cultural

Anthropology see just to give you an example of marriage as I told you okay so we study about people’s culture one of the first topic that we cover or first chapter that that we cover is marriage okay marriage and then family okay so in marriage we have different types of marriage correct gami

Means marriage so when we say gami it is marriage monogamy means single pair marriage so we study about that I mean everybody knows about it monogamy marriage where you have one husband and where you have one wife to add complexity to it you have other types of marriage also right you have

Polygamy okay so polygamy means more than one more than two individuals are involved in the marriage in that you have two variations you have poly andry and poly gy andry means male Androgen male okay gy Gynecology means female okay so poly means multiple wives plurality of wife poly polyandry

Means plurality of husband multiple husbands there’s a tribe in Himalayas okay uran region called as the kasas so the kasas kasis are in Northeast kasas are in Himalayas so there are two different tribes so this tribe called as kasas in Himalayan region Okay so uh this tribe is unique because they

Practice what is called as polyandry meaning uh a lady is going to have more than one husband and to add to this the kind of polyandry they have is called as fraternal polyant fraternal means what fraternity in Preamble you would have studied now fraternity Brotherhood so fraternal

Polyandry means what see it’s all very common sense you don’t have to by heart if you don’t apply your mind then you have to by heart okay so poly andry poly means plurality andry means husband plurality of husband now I’m adding fraternal poly andry what is fraternal polyandry fraternal means brothers so

What do you mean fraternal polyandry the wife marries one person and automatically is the wife of the other brothers also is that okay so the wife marries all the brothers of the husband is that understood all of you so multiple plurality of husband and all the husbands are brothers that’s called

As fraternal polyant you have non fraternal polyandry in other parts of the world leave that why I’m telling this uh case is that over a period of time there is provision that this group this family that is the wife and four five husbands have a provision to add one more

Wife have a provision to add one more wife so what does that become so that becomes poly G andry meaning plurality of husband as well as wife so that’s called as what group marriage so that is also practiced in different Parts Group marriage that means you have multiple husband and multiple wives

All living happily in the family you might be like oh my God what’s happening correct no but they might be wondering you you know you get marry only one person is what I’m trying to say is that okay so this is the cultural variation so that kind of practice is

Called as group marriage for example as I told you kasas they’re also called as the jari tribes of the Himalayan region it is there in India only see that is why there is so much opposition with respect to UCC what is UCC have you heard yes right civil code uniform civil code

Uniform civil code why are they against it why when you write tomorrow your essay you have have points over here there are see what is UCC going to do one type of marriage rules correct no one type of marriage rules what about those who have different variations where will they go

Right now we have special marriages act but if you bring in if you abolish all of those act and make one single law then what’s the point what what’s going to happen many of these communities are going to lose their culture and hence UCC is part of our dpsp and not

Justiciable as of now so it’s a question debatable question whether we should have UCC see our forefathers knew that there are so much of variation we cannot force UCC to today’s political discourse is very different we believe in forced execution of everything but back then only they knew that there are so many

Variations we need to respect it and allow it to survive you get what I’m trying to say how you relate it with GS yes so we have group marriages and how did this group marriage emerge paully andry there’s one provision for adding one more wife see unlike here where uh

You know marriage is very emotional we run behind the tree and all of that and you know there is romantic song playing you come walk down the lane and all of that in many Society simple Society it’s a very practical aspect I need somebody to share my rent so I will marry

Somebody I need somebody to divide labor in my house I will wash vessels she will wash uh so we will get married is that okay I need to buy a house I need bride doy I will you know it’s all very practical in simple Society we make it all emotional and all

You know uh colorful in our case so marriage serves such kind of purpose now why do we go so I mean there are other kinds of marriage other than this okay among the newers you will believe it or not there is something called as ghost marriage you know ghost marriage okay so

What happens I mean let me try and illustrate this to you guys so there is husband which I represented by triangle male are represented through triangle and female is represented through a circle that’s how the kinship May or that’s how family tree may it is drawn so now they have got

Marriage okay and then they are expected to have children and among the newers having children is very important because in many societies like even in India if you have children only then only you can enter the Gates of Heaven is what is believed yes or no right as

Soon as you get married they will forcing you to have children because that’s the responsibility that you have towards the society and to self because many Society many religion believe unless you have children who will do a pindan you will not enter the Gates of Heaven or whatever you will not get Moka

In Hinduism you will not get Moka in other religion you will not enter the Gates of Heaven so better have children is what is suggested by all religion same thing with newers also if you don’t have children bad things will happen so they got married but unfortunately this husband

Died that okay this husband died now this husband died without a child now unfortunately now his spirit is roaming around everywhere haunting all people in Chandra out now we have to find some solution to that right okay so newers are very practical people so there is a solution so what the wife is

Made to do okay she is allowed to have relationship okay with another male after the death is allowed to have relationship with another male generally it will be the dead husband’s male relative either his brother or uncle or somebody so she will be allowed to have relationship or made to have

Relationship with another male member of the society family okay and she’s going to have a child or what whatever she’s going to have a child now this child will be considered whose child the dead husband’s child is that understood so this is called as ghost marriage over here marriage was marriage happened before

His death imagine if the marriage I mean if he was not married a bachelor he was preparing for civil services suddenly he died without marrying is said okay so now he will not go to the gates so therefore they will do a ghost marriage to him

His dead photo will be there okay I’m making a lot of fun about lot of fun about civil servants aspirants I do that a lot just for the fun of it okay so there’s a photo and that the lady gets married to that person and that lady is

Allowed to have a relationship with somebody else and the child born to that lady will be considered as child of ghost marriage are you laughing at it now but don’t you think we are talking about sasi we are talking about you know what is arogy you are hiring people so that kind

Of marriage is also seen among the newers when uh you know when the couple not among the newers among the aand okay so when you don’t have a child right you can marry somebody else okay and have a child with them but the child will be considered the child of the

First marriage all very practical solutions to problems in the society so among the newers there is Ghost marriage you understood what is Ghost marriage it’s also a type of marriage which we will be St okay among the aand there is male male marriage okay because there is shortage

Of women men are allowed to marry another men and live happily is that understood over here our society still is grappling with homo sexuality and other things still opposition is there still we are fighting cases in Supreme Court people in aand are so forward thinking they have already allowed you

Want to marry a male marry a male you want to marry a female marry a female so male male marriage female female marriage are all allowed in this Society we study why these things are there you understood this is what we study in anthropology in Social cultural aspects is that okay

Guys right and also changes that is happening today in our society monogamy is over now we are in the era of solo gamy who wants husband and wife here we can live Aram say single so single is called as solo gami but I want to enjoy

The whole process of marriage I want to enjoy the whole process of honeymoon so there is one institution now called as solo gami it was very famous in South Korea and all of that and now it has come to India also so in India also they are marrying themselves happily they are living

They’re going on honeymoon honeymoon also so so there are honeymoon packages in South Korea for solo gami so as soon as you alone enter the room there is nice bed decorated everything you are happy there so that kind of practice is there that is happening which is being recognized

In many Society so even in India very recently I mean 2 three years back 24 years old shab Bindu tied a knot with herself right she only cried when she was going to her house only so something like that is that okay so solo gamy these are the changes that is occurring

In marriage is what we study in anthropology before we go into the next another example religion very interesting right so we have religion as I told you it serves the pra you know to fulfill optimism right you know two very common religion that is monotheism and polytheism what is

Monotheism one single high God is called as polytheism they might have local Gods but one single main god that is monotheism in polytheism multiple gods all gods are equal you want for prelims you go to one God for Mains one more God for interview one more God for postings one more God

Okay so that is politis all are equal okay there is so much of diversity Beyond this okay in religion just we will be studying each of them and understanding about them a little bit detail but over here just let me give you an introduction to it animism where we study

Spirits you know Spirits right intangible being Supernatural animism worshiping anima anima means Soul so when we worship the soul of things that is animism animatism energy when we worship energy so both are almost same in Soul Worship soul has a form okay when you worship the soul of your

Ancestor you know how it looks it has head it has face Etc okay when you worship the soul of an animal you know how it looks in many countries many part of the world they worship animals okay but in animatism it is does not have a form it’s just an energy

Vibration you touch it you start vibrating that is animatism okay in India actually we have almost all kinds of religion in Hinduism everything is there your canara is nothing but animatism right oh that h no because you get that energy is that okay then we have fetishism you might have seen people

Holding lemons and all that fetish means extreme love towards something your necklace bracelet rings lucky Rings right when you’re writing prelims all your fingers will have rings right that is fetishism believe that that object is going to give you power then you have naturism that means worship of nature then we have totemism

Where we worship our ancestor totem is some object which we believe to be representative of our ancestor it can be a plant it can be a animal right we worship several plants several animals believing that it is our ancestor like gandab Bea in many they worship that because they believe that is their

Ancestor all right then ancestral worship if you talk about Hinduism it has everything okay that’s why it is a very complex religion many tribes in our society in India we have these religion which will be discussing at the end what we also realize is religion is there

Okay because it brings us or gives us optimism all right not only this in religion chapter we also study about black magic we’ll try to do some black magic also okay so witchcraft right all these kinds of practices are there as I told you in aande when something goes wrong the

People of aande believe that it was done by somebody else if you did not clear prelims it’s because somebody did Black Magic so how do you solve it not by attending more tests by doing counter black magic is that okay so like that so these are all forms of belief system why

Go so you know why are you criticizing the Primitive Society or aand thinking that they are you know uh their mindset is not mature enough they’re not Advanced they’re not civilized why go so far come back to our own Society we have religion playing such a crucial role

Right even in a modern civilized educated societ also there are religious people who try to manipulate us to bring about kind of optimism in us right when co go went on what did we do we relied on religion when inflation or when there was unemployment we rely on spiritual gurus

When something goes wrong then you go to them so religion has been serving this purpose in the past it is serving the purpose today and obviously it is serving the purpose tomorrow so that is why Babas and other things are the uh again very important spiritual gurus is

A very important very uh you know flourishing sector economy in our country yes or no because problems are not coming down problems are only increasing so your Reliance on religion will only increase so this is all what we study in anthropology along with that we also study uh

Yeah so these are the topics that we study in uh different chapters under this we will be studying different examples and variations in uh cultural practices we start with marriage family kinship economy political organization religion and language so we study various institutions these we observe them we study them we understand the

Variations we classify them and build hearing now I told you religion is there to fulfill certain need to bring optimism that’s the theory for example right so like that we build theories okay and also we study about the theories given by different Anthropologist okay we have different theories like

Evolution Evolution says that culture was simple and it evolved and became complex as years passed there is another theory which is called as diffusion which says that culture was invented at one place and from there it spread to other places the other theory is functionalism which says that culture is

There in order to fulfill certain function we want to eat so we cook food we want to share our labor so therefore we have marriage we want companionship therefore we have kinship so like that functional Theory says or talks about how culture is there to fulfill function then culture

Personality theories are there which says that culture shapes personality and personality shapes culture so like that we have several theories about eight theories are there explaining about how culture came into existence so after studying about different cultural institutions we study about the theories given by Anthropologist okay so that is what is

Uh covered in Social cultural anthropology so about first 25 classes we will cover social and cultural anthropology and we study the methods used by Anthropologist to study various cultural aspects is that okay guys any doubt with I mean we have not done much but just the first part that is social

And cultural anthropology we study the various institutions we study the contributions that are made by various anthropologists all right the second part is Indian culture and Society so we over here study what makes Indian society that is Indian social system we study about Indian social system meaning the

Values of Indian Society see whichever religion you belong to there are some core values of what makes India or Indians for example whichever religion you most of them will say oh my God Karma what am I doing 8:00 in the morning so karma is a value system is an example the belief in

Rebirth the belief in Rina our duty towards others I have a duty towards you you have a duty towards me I have a duty towards my parents these are Rina obligations it’s there in Indian Society okay same way your uh Moka so these are all value system that

Makes us who we are as Indians along with that we also have cost okay how we organize ourself in the society cost system then we have family system of India nuclear family joint family Etc so we study about all that what makes Indian Society we also study about different religion and how they

Contribute towards making of India how Islam contributed towards India how Christianity contributed towards Indian Society for example all of you like Biryani all of you like Pula it’s a contribution by Islam all of you are wearing chudi or girls who are wearing chudidar it’s in it’s a contribution

From Islam the language that I’m speaking today is a contribution of Christianity so like that how different religion has contributed towards what we are then we also study about the social change that is happening in India modernization westernization Sanskrit ization how Indian Society is undergoing change and how media how democracy is

Affecting this change how media is bringing about change how democracy payti Raj is bringing about change right so the change we study then we classify Indian population on the basis of uh language on the basis of race the demographic pattern of India okay Regional variations in that okay so

In this when we classify we also study about minority religion their problems we study about linguistic minorities and their problems we also study about nation building in nation building we study about regionalism communalism ethnicity correct now we have heard about this every region today you know is ascertaining their

Um you know Monopoly over resources okay like we are having uh various organization fighting for Canada language in Karnataka marati language in Maharashtra okay South India versus North India with respect to Hindi imposition all these are aspects of regionalism you have ethnic violence happening in Northeast due to ethnicity

We have communal violence happening across India because of religious differences all these things are studied in Indian anthropology is that okay Indian anthropology studies Indian culture and Society is that okay guys a little bit these are all from the General Studies point of view also we’ll be very useful from General Studies

Point of view then we study the next is tribal anth these are all very simple topics 10 10 classes we finish off okay tribal anthropology we study about the tribes we classify them their problems admin ation of tribal areas Forest policy and tribes these are the main aspects of what we study among

The tribes who are tribes their characteristics and their problems okay so that is tribes of India so I’m not going to write it but I just explained that’s what we will be discussing then part four as I told you is evolution so you have human physical Evolution and human cultural Evolution

So human uh physical evolution is what we’ll be starting first where we’ll be studying the basics of evolution you might have heard about Darwin’s theory yes so we’ll be studying about Darwin’s theory okay post Darwin’s theories to explain how Evolution occurs how from a simple cell organism how did this complex human being

Emerge and what are the factors that affect it is that okay and we also study the different stages of evolution ostr opticus homo habilis Homo erectus neanderthals and Homo sapian sapiens like this there are five stages through which humans have evolved what are the characteristic features where they were

Found which part of the world did they origin and how did they spread that’s what we will be studying in physical Evolution and in cultural Evolution we will be obviously studying mainly we’ll be focusing on pre history pre history where we’ll be studying about the Stone Age and we’ll

Be studying about the metal age so Stone Age we have Old Stone Age Middle Stone Age and new stoneage Paleolithic Mesolithic and Neolithic its characteristics what are the feature that distinguishes one from the other how did it evolve what were the factors that led to this Evolution the same same

Thing we are going to apply to India also in paper two we will be studying it together only but with respect to Indian Pale prehistory we will be studying in paper two or it will be applicable to paper two we study about the old stoneage in India middle

Stoneage in India new stoneage in India and metal age in India and at the same time you also study Proto history of India when we say Proto history it is harapan civilization again this is the reason is because it’s not history because we don’t have written records or

Rather the written uh script of haran civilization has not yet been decifer so it is categorized as Proto history between prehistory and history so we also study about harapan civilization Indus Valley Civilization and little bit about post Indus Valley Civilization which is called as Chalco lithic Chalco means copper lithic means

Stone so copper Stone H where Stone was used primarily along with stone copper was added so that is what we study in Indian anthropology as part of paper 2 but together so here we study about physical Evolution and your human evolution in India is that okay guys so this is part

Of the evolution and the last part the fifth part is your biological evolution so mainly in biological evolution physical Evolution we it started with the study of origin and evolution of humans physical anthropology actually started with the study of origin and evolution of anthrop uh human physically okay so that we

Anyways covered it previously okay so in addition to this what else do we study in biological anthropology is so when we were studying about the origin and evolution of humans we realize that it is because the genes underwent change when they underwent change we evolv we are different from other

Animals because our genetic makeup is different so we realize that actually the physical evolution is because of change in the genes so that led to lot of studies on genes and genetic changes Etc so therefore in biological anthropology about 20% of the topics we will be studying about

Genes and how they shape the organism how the genes they shape the organism so you might have studied in school Mel’s principle mle’s law yes so those things we will be studying to understand how the genes are expressed okay so while studying this we also study human variation so that is the main

Focus so we study about human evolution we study about human genes and we study about human variation even though evolution is studied here I have put it separately for our understanding for better Clarity okay so we study about human genes the menal law principles Etc and we use that

To understand human variation racial variations okay variations in growth and development variation in our ability to respond to diseases when covid happened not everybody had similar response yes or no some people died some people suffered some people did not have any effect why is it this is because of what

You call immunity or anything like that ultimately the basis of all this immunity is genetics so we study that aspect of how people respond to diseases differently we also see like see for example you in a tropical country are comfortable if not not very happy with the temperature

Over here but imagine if a European comes to Bangalore at this time of the year how will they be right they will be not comfortable at all they will not be able to stay they can’t go out only yes or no at the same time in the polar region they will be very

Comfortable is that okay but we will not be able to survive over there or rather we will not be comfortable chest volume they have more RBC they have more uh you know efficient utilization of energy compared to us because they have survived in high altitude but we don’t have such kind of

Ability because our genetic makeup is different so climbing up for us is difficult we need to maybe do a high altitude training etc for months together but if we go there for a week or so we will not be able to just so well as the Highlanders is that understood so these

Kind of things we will study in biological anthropology human adaptation to different environmental condition high altitude cold and desert region is that understood see for example uh I I’ll give you another story actually so my uh cousins they decided to go to Le and ladak for a boys trip

So some of them had time so they decided to go by car they drove from uh Bangalore till Le okay so they went to Delhi from Delhi to chandigar from chandigar to Manali Manali through different route they reached L okay one of the friend or one of the cousins did

Not have time so he decided to join them directly in Le so he took a flight directly to Le so one the night they met so the cousin who went directly from Bangalore to L okay was suffering a lot that night was not able to breathe he

Was finding it very difficult but all others who drove and went were very comfortable and they were constantly teasing the other guy you become old you are not able to withstand this difficult thing you are incapable physically unfit that this and all okay but I had the knowledge of biolog iCal anthropology

Can you tell me why and that’s how we will also understand later also why the cousins who went by Road and the one who came by flight were adapted differently can anybody tell that Sudden Change or what we call it as acclimatization have you heard this word acclimatization so the road Journey they

Did not go all of a sudden on one day they took almost 5 days so gradually they elevated their altitude and as they gradually elevated their altitude what happened they were getting acclimatized their body was getting acclimatized so it took 3 to 4 days for them to reach lay by then they got

Acclimatized but the other cousin who went directly to lay on flight he did not have time to get acclimatized his body was under shock he got acclimatized after 3 to 4 days but he had to listen to all the taunt for that 3 days these are the things that we study

In physical or biological anthropology how humans adapt to high altitude we our body has homeostasis mechanism through which we try to maintain an equilibrium with the outside environment What mechanisms are those is what we will be studying in biological anthropology all right so the these are

The things that we study race and racism ecological anthropology where we study human adaptation to different environment growth and development and how do they affect how do they affect depending on different culture Society country temperature Seasons all right demographic variations meaning the mortality rate fertility rate how it is different in different

Parts of the world and we apply that knowledge to human welfare like uh knowledge of biological anthropology today are being used in the advancement of sports okay in sports medicine knowledge of anthropology is used okay how to improve the efficiency identify the right person for example in Australia okay in Australian sport

Research institution they’re conducting research to identify Gene level performance of individual so they have identified Alpha actin Gene there is a gene called as Alpha actin which is responsible for metabolism of sugar so they have found that some Gene helps to generate more energy efficiently and they will be good for marathon runners

So they have identified that Gene okay you have this Gene you are good in Marathon practice Marathon you are good in high jump you do this so biological anthropologists are today used to improve Sports okay that field is called as kinanthropology similarly biological anthropologists are used in forensic medicine to identify

Individuals victims criminals paternity disputes okay anthropologists are used to help solve these cases for example 9/11 attack of us when the building collapsed the Twin Towers so many victims bodies could not have been discovered with without the help of anthropologist is that okay paternity disputes all those things are being

Solved criminal cases like blood samples may they try to identify who the individual is through doing a DNA fingerprinting anthropologists are being used there they’re used for Designing equipments to make the equipments more safe more efficient like the car seat the car seat belts the helmets all these

Are being divised because one helmet will not fit the entire human race no some people have big head some people have small head so we need to devise these helmet based on race based on different population male female Etc again anthropologists are being used over here so several such applications

Are there of biological anthropology okay so that’s all that is what is studied in anthropology in upsc okay so social cultural Indian tribal cultural Evolution and physical Evolution and biological anthropology that’s all these are the five broad headings you go back home and you can uh you can read

The entire syllabus once you might not understand but you can at least try and get familiar we’ll wait for the questions later is it okay yeah so this is about the syllabus all right some facts I’m sure all of you might be aware as of now because you might have got

Yourself orientation to GS and other things so you have two papers right in anthropology you have uh five papers of GS 4 Gs and one essay right two optional papers okay so each paper is 250 marks for 3 hours on the same day morning and evening all right so uh basically we

Have 8 questions just to get yourself familiar this will be there even in your welcome document you can see it so there will be how many questions eight questions out of this eight questions you’ll have to write how many five questions not all eight okay so candidates have to attempt five out of

Eight all right it looks something like this so paper one okay uh so paper one and paper two as I told you paper two consists of Indian and tribal paper one consist of social cultural Evolution and biological anthropology so that’s there in paper one and paper two is that okay so there

Are mix of how questions are asked the first second third fourth question in section A in section B you have 5 6 7 and eight questions totally eight questions so the first question has five 10 marker each question carries 10 Mark there are eight questions each question

Has uh 50 marks each question is 50 marks so you have eight questions out of which you have to write five question each question is 50 marks equals 250 marks okay so how the questions are so the first question and the fifth question are 10 markers so there will be five 10 marker

Questions second third fourth 6th 7th 8th you’ll have three questions that is 15 marker 15 marker and 20 marker which is nothing but 50 so there are 50 marks questions is that okay so first question and the questions are compulsory first and fifth question is compulsory you

Have to write it out of these 2 3 4 6 5 6 7 8 you have to write three questions in such a way that you at least write one from each section either you write two from here and one from here or one from here and two from here is that okay

That’s how the questions you have to attempt anyways these as you go you will get used to the thing what I want you to understand is minimum marks is 10 marker maximum marks is 20 marker is that okay and 15 marker so that means what what can you understand from this

See ultimately Exam May strategies are important it’s not blindly you study so here minimum you have to write for a 10 marker and maximum you have to write for a 20 marker maximum 20 marker means about 300 words 10 marker means maximum you will be able to write 150 to 175

Words is that okay so that means what your note should contain for every topic maximum you should have at least 300 words in your head because maximum that’s what is going to be is that okay so for every topic in the syllabus that’s how we will be tackling we will be

Preparing such a way that if a 10 marker is asked from that topic you will be able to write and a 20 marker it is asked also you should be able to right not more than that not less than that we don’t have to worry for a 60 Mark or 100

Mark we don’t want an essay nobody has to write an essay what are we going to write maximum 300 words so prepare enough to write a 300 words not more not less because you get carried away and you will study a lot of information and you will not be using it

Is what I’m trying to say did you understand what I’m trying to say see now understanding the syllabus is over now is the most important part the strategies because that is what is important for you to clear that’s why you are here also the right strategy okay you don’t have to prepare

An essay for a topic because you’ll never have a scope to write I will give you 10 points you by heart that 10 points understand that 10 points and you write it but what do students do who don’t clear the exam they try to add 10 more points to what I

Give there is one no way you can remember it number two nowh you can use it because maximum you’ll be writing for 300 words for 300 words you need 10 points which I have given but student will feel insecure about it and will read more and add more points which they

Will never use which you should not do is what I am trying to stress upon here so these are the reasons why you should be joining the class not for the content alone because content is there you Google also you will get content on anthropology but what to do what not to

Do by the time you learn it is going to be 5 years is said okay that is the problem even in Gs what makes this examination difficult what are you studying in Gs polity economy and what books are you reading what level books School level books maybe now it

Has been made into a textbook that’s all but ultimately you’re reading what ncrt level information you are all graduates who have studied more than what you studying now yes or no politic Civics you would have already studied in school science you would have already studied in

School then why is it so difficult to clear the exam anthropology also if I give you a textbook you read it Aram say you can understand it and yet it is very difficult to clear the exam why it is not the subject subject is the most easiest this exam is

The diffic most toughest exam not because of its syllabus is that okay if you have done medical science or if you want to know it is so vast and so big and so complex what we study here is Chu it’s just 5% 10% of what I have studied in my

Mbbs but yet it is difficult what is the reason that it is difficult because simply it is competitive examination lacks of people like you are attending classes preparing for 3 4 years and yet they can’t clear the exam because of competition not because of the syllabus not because of anthropology

Or any other optional or because of GS he yes what is the potic history history and all same thing School level you would have studied Gandhi g you already know in school what is the new thing you are doing here is it so technical that you are not able to

Understand it no it is simply competition and how do you beat this competition not just simply by hard work but the right right strategy knowing what to do more importantly knowing what not to do if you ask me so that is where I come into play to help you realize

That in as short span as possible I’m not going to do any magic or going to predict questions and give it to you no I’m going to prepare you so that any type of question is thrown at you you should be able to answer with the right strategy because I

Have made lot of mistakes and failed several times therefore I know what not to do I know what you’re going to do also that’s why I told you one example here so as to prevent you from doing that in four to 5 months you should be ready to write

Mains with anthropology that is the objective for that what I’m going to do now the strategies are important so first getting yourself familiar with how questions are asked 10 marker to 20 marker 200 words to maximum 300 to 400 words not more not less because see we have limited information capacity I mean

Storage capacity we can’t expand the memory okay so with the limited memory that we have maximum utilization we should do if we go on overloading ourself with lot of information we can’t process it we will not use it so that is what we intend to do in our classes so

Anyway so this is what we also plan to do in the class first we need to build knowledge so lot of new things we are going to read now whether with respect to bride wealth whether respect to animism whether respect to different types of Institutions theories Etc so we

Will try and understand them in our class build our knowledge after that we need to analyze it from the exam point of view not just leave it at that how it is going to be asked in the exam what kind of key points that we need to write

What the examiner expects we analyze it and then we represent it present it write it okay so these are the three promt strategy understand analyze present is that okay all three has to go hand in hand from the day one we will focus on that I’m not going to do

Everything of anthropology what is going to be asked in the exam what is there in the syllabus we will stick to that is that okay so this is how we are going to do we need to build the knowledge this I feel anybody can do it but the problem

Is analysis and the presentation part what to study what not to study which one to focus more which is the strength area value for money which one has it all that comes over here and the presentation so that’s what we will try and do in our classes the three prompt

Strategies and we will try to cover it in 100 classes starting from 50 15th of April and uh these are this is the Tim table the five sections so social cultural and theorists about 30 classes I mean 40 classes Indian anthropology 15 classes tribal 12 classes Evolution 13 classes biological anthropology about 12

Classes so roughly about 100 classes we will be covering anthropology and it has been done see I’ve been doing this from past 10 years so I know it it usually from 95 classes to about 105 depending upon you guys if you are good I can compress the class if you need more

Attention I will be expanding but 95 classes to about 105 class so last week I completed the batch about 102 classes I completed so that’s how many days I am going to take I’m not going to put a target from this day to this day that

Never works for me I can assure you that in 100 classes I’m going to do it is that okay so you you have to balance this with your General Studies this is the priority right now after December this year prelims and GS becomes your priority till then anthropology is the

Priority because trust me in your Mains anthropology is the one which is going to give you that rank GS will help you float but optional subject anthropology will help you clear the exam so the more attention you give in the beginning of your preparation now the better you are

Going to get this is the class timetable all these things will be available to you in your welcome document right so how do we Master this anthropology uh optional very simple okay so we will try and understand as I told you the concepts it’s very important if you have concept

Clarity the way you write answers is going to be very beautiful also it’s going to be impressive without knowing if you write something there will be no connection and the examiner will not feel comfortable giving you MTH so knowing the concept and the stories once we know the story note for

Every word in the syllabus from what point of view from this much 100 200 and 50 300 words for every part of the syllabus you will have notes because see there is no one single t textbook some I will be providing but otherwise there will be no

One single textbooks so when you write them you will be learning you will be articulating while writing so I believe in the beginning we will be writing all these things as I will be explaining then when I’ll stop and I will dictate and you will make notes so about three

To four notes you will have which you will revise at least 20 to 30 times before your Mains examination you don’t need any other source I can guarant guarantee you that okay now revise repeatedly at least 20 times before your Main’s examination okay it should be so

Reflexive you should have revised it so well it should be reflexive that means your hand should do the writing you should not be thinking in the exam you should have revised so well see now if I tell you six sevens are you can tell 8 NES are you can tell

Hopefully you can tell okay why can you tell that because you have memorized it so much are you telling oh 8 n are so eight eight squares I will draw are you doing that okay you have understood the concept that 8 into 9 means you are adding eight

Nine times correct no that’s what you are you writing 8 + 8 plus 8 are you doing that no it’s coming very reflexively that’s how you have to prepare for anthropology unlike GS anthropology is predictable so therefore you need to revise write and revise okay and write uh make a list

Of important facts data case studies which you will be adding to your answers that is what will give value to your answers weightage okay and then answer Writing Practice answer writing previous year questions the questions that I give in the class tests or anything you keep practicing on a daily weekly

And also give test so we will be giving five tests in our course along with that you can write daily weekly Etc that’s up to you beginning May I’ve have seen students will have full Jo they will write every day it will grow but have it

Sustainably have it once a week so we will have class from Monday to Friday Saturday Sunday keep it for revision we take a break on Saturday Sunday for me also for you also so that you can revise on Saturday and Sunday it’s not about completing the syllabus in the next 100

Days no I will take about four five months to complete it but in a sustainable manner so that we take break so that you study so that I also can be active in the class is that okay so you have enough time because you are all

Preparing for next year so you can cover it in the next four to five months in a very sustainable manner it’s not like you peek once in the beginning and then collapse after that so gradually we will build after 4 months you should have that full energy to face the exam uh uh

You know like as though it is this year itself so that’s how very simple we will keep our strategy no separate book no separate textbook no additional materials is required I can guarantee you that comfortably I’m telling you with lot of arrogance as as also as lot

Of attitude I’m telling you the notes that I am giving will be from different sources the whole idea of you coming to the class should serve that purpose if I tell you I’ll do this you read 10 more books that does not serve the purpose what you do in class for 3

Hours 3 hours class plus 2 hours of reading or whatever how much of time you give ideally at least this much 2 hours or 1 hour what do you do in this read before coming read after going back that’s all you don’t have to by heart and remember right

Now okay so Saturday and Sunday you revise once what has been done in the entire week that’s all be comfortable be in the class be connected that’s all you can’t remember everything during the class times once you finish the class you start revising 20 times is when you

Will remember the 20th time is when you will remember so this is what I expect from you 3 hours class plus about 1 hour if you have Gs and it is more hectic you can reduce it not a problem but be active it should not be like today I teach something tomorrow

You come for the class you’ll be like what just happened you should have that connect is that okay what has been done previously you should see read it once quickly and then do it okay all right um so this is what we will be doing in the class I

Mean very quickly I don’t like to do this but I’m forced to do this so you have decided see anthropology is a very the I mean if I have to S reason out one reason why you should take anthropology is is mainly because it is a very small

Syllabus interesting that this that’s a different matter all of a but it’s a very small syllabus compared to every other option very limited and you can uh revise it several number of times unlike other option because over here the one of the major resource uh that you have or rather the

Resource that is very valuable to you guys is time if you want to clear this exam in the two years of your preparation you need to conserve time so the anthropology gives you that Advantage where you can cover these topics with very less resource that is

Your time so if you that is the advantage of anthropology otherwise with respect to difficulty with respect to interest everything is equal to any other optional subject I’m not going to say that is good that is bad this is good nothing like that is that okay every subject has its challenges every

Subject has Stoppers majority of the students who have attended my class have not cleared the exam that’s the fact if any optional also that’s the fact we have thousands of students who enroll in The Institute only 100 students clear that means 900 students don’t clear is that okay every optional has Stoppers I

Don’t want to justify our success from somebody else I want you to be successful can you clear with anthropology 100% yes is that okay now if you see it’s easy to understand it’s very interesting because we are touching upon the superficial things like economy we are not going to economic theories we

Are not going to talk about marxian theories uh can’t theory that no we going to say that economy people are hungry they will do hunting they will eat that’s all okay religion also we are not going into the spiritual or philosophical aspect Society also we not

Going to too do too deep biology also we’re not going to go beyond genetics or melan genetics is that okay so easy to understand interesting to prepare less to remember that’s the advantage if you ask me time and resource that’s shortage so less to remember right even gaji can

Remember so much okay next it is scoring it has been scoring forever okay so if you put in your hard work put in the right hard work in the right direction it is scoring less effort as I told you you can give lot of time for answer writing for GS because of anthropology

Uh then anyone can Master this subject it doesn’t require somebody to have any expertise in any background it is an open-ended subject which anybody with any background if you are able to understand English if you are able to understand my classmate uh if you are able to uh if you have studied 10th

Standard science I think anybody can Master that’s all that’s the uh thing that you need if you found 10th standard science difficult then this also will be difficult if you found 10th standard science manageable this is okay and English is necessary okay so anyone can Master this subject

And it will also help you GS you have a head start from all others okay because of anthropology lot of issues from society from tribal from welfare regionalism ethnicity ethicals values Norms Etc from ethics paper essay paper all of that will be covered over here and you become a good administrator at

The end you’ll be more sensitive to people’s problem you understand their cultural practices so you become a good administrator also tomorrow anthropology will help you a lot to be a good civil servant all right so at the end last why you should take anthropology is because

Uh I will be providing you a good road map to simplify your preparation we will be simplifying anthropology I will be providing you the notes for the entire syllabus you don’t have to read any other textbook any other notes if at all something I will tell you uh to add to

It okay the textbooks we will I will be providing you workbooks where which will have figures diagrams which you will have to write in the class so workbooks will be provided to you answer writing we can do okay value addition contents will be provided to you in the form of

Handouts case studies data facts examples then we will be also having test series okay uh as I told you five tests will be part of this program okay and you can contact me anytime you can write down this okay my telegram ID you can contact me anytime share your

Answers Etc so this is what the reason what I would say you can take anthropology because at the end any optional would require a good Mentor okay so somebody who has been successful and somebody who has been also uh uh seen lot of failures so I have done lot

Of mistakes through which I have been able to face uh success I have given three upsc interviews I have cleared upsc uh assistant commandant uh crpf police force I have also cleared Karnataka administrative service okay so I have given three interviews even in the state Services all right so I have

Seen all of that I have also not cleared Mains three times okay so that has also made me realize a lot of things mistakes that I have done I have cleared Mains three times so I know how to address those problems also so uh making your

Life much more simpler is what is my objective so if you clear I can add uh some more number to my uh resume so therefore my attempt will be to give you 100% towards this subject okay so this is my support and uh bonus for you guys

I’m also a life coach so therefore I will also give you some life lessons to keep yourself more motivated both mentally physically as well as spiritually also okay so that is a bonus that you will get and frequently some exam strategies also will be part of

This session so I I hope I marketed uh well about the class anyway so that’s up to you guys to decide now before we end the class a little bit about exam strategy whichever optional whichever uh subject that you take right so we are in the month of March let’s say April April

2024 okay so you guys are going to if you follow the strategy very well okay you will become now you are all common citizens okay you will become extraordinary citizen in the month of June 2026 that’s all that’s the most uh recent that you can become a celebr

Okay I don’t think any of you are giving prelims this time no okay few of them but if you are not prepared for optional it becomes challenging but anyways so that’s your a but majority of you are giving next year right so that is in May

2025 is when you are going to give your prelims yes so 2026 is when you will become extraordinary citizens celebrities yes so if everything goes well what you are going to do because it is very crucial the next two years of your life is very crucial the kind of

Investments that you are going to make the kind of decisions that you are going to take is going to decide what is going to be your status over here are you going to change your optional are you going to be sitting elsewhere are you going to be sitting in the tea stall and

Crying it depends on you there are students for example 3 years back when I took one of the batch uh three four years back when I started here in the first batch itself the first attempt only one person cleared he’s in Russia the same batch student are still coming

And asking for test Series in my uh this one you know for test series you get it so 3 years down somebody will be in service somebody will be still in Chandra lout running from one test series to another if you have the right strategy Everything Will Change the same

It’s not just about hard work it’s about the right strategy also so now if you ask me what should your uh strategy be now April to about December you should dedicate for learning where you will be learning prelims Mains and anthropology is that okay till December you will learn Okay so your

Ratio can be 80% learning 20% revision I I would suggest you to write the this one because it is very useful for you if you forget tomorrow again you can go through this when I say 80% learning means you learn new things you make notes you read textbooks you

Underline textbooks you keep everything ready and at the same time 20% keep revising but after number so when in this 20% revise and test revision and test so the strategies that I give you is based on the experience which you will face okay after 34 attempts why do

You want to wait so far so learn from our success and mistakes so this 80% that you do now April okay uh May June July August September by that time you’ll finish anthropology GS will keep going on okay you keep reading learning new things reading textbooks whatever is prescribed underline them make notes

Make micro notes keep everything ready can you remember all of it no you will forget it when it is next year but you should keep it ready in a book keep it ready somewhere is that okay so now after December that is January to May January to may you give your prelims

Here what you have to do 20% reading 80% revision 80% revision and test when I say 80% revision what do you do the notes that you would have made the textbooks that you would have read and underline that you have to start revising you don’t read new things then

New things only 20% what do you read there some new current affairs some new some topics which you forgot to read that’s all but 80% should be on revision shouldent do Ulta because now they are full Jo no they will try to remember now only is that okay but they will forget

Next year anyways and next year what they will do they’ll start reading new things so at the time of exam what will happen they would not have revised enough number of time so they will not be able to clear the exam then 2026 will be the next attempt you give 2027 will

Be your result 2027 what will your age be you only calculate is that okay so every time you make mistakes you add one year to your life of aspirant is that okay so this way then after May to October what will you be prepared ing means here also 90% revision and test and

10% reading new things is that okay now anthro you would have done everything notes everything is there all that you have to do next year is after prelims revise no reading new things only revising you will have four books sit and by heart 3 thre is are

Three fours are three f are like that you’ll sit and by heart you understood that time I have seen student reading new books gone hit tocket is that understood you want to read new books read it now when over here not there whatever you do now do it

Concrete keep it ready all that you have to do next year is revise if you prepare this well this year and keep everything for revision next year 202 if you only revise 10 to 20% add new things I will give in writing you if you cannot I mean

Like I will give writing that you can clear it in first attempt itself if you do it Ulta then it’s a problem if you read next year new things then you will not be able to clear so finish all your learning GS prelims Mains and anthropology this year next year keep

For revision and give your test from January to May prelims test May to October or whatever is the mains date Mains test after that interview interview you can start preparing again for the prelims or Mains next year whatever depending on your level of preparation if you do this June

2026 we’ll have abishek on your photographs that’s how it is going to be simple strategy you guys have started at the right time because you have this much time here otherwise if you are writing prelim you’ll be in a hurry now you have enough time till December see by September you’ll finish your

Anthropology October November December you’ll have time to revise anthropology also and close it pack it and put it in the cupboard after prelims open it start reading but everything should be ready you should have understood the information should be in your book after prelims you revise the book is that

Understood all of you yes I’ll keep repeating this 80% 20% in the beginning 20% reading new things 80% revision means May 80 90% revision 10% some extra points you add world history you should have finished governance you should have finished ethics you should have finished anthropology you should have finished IR

You should have finished geography you should have finished disaster management you should have finished don’t add anything new everything should be ready disaster management 15 pages you should have International relation 50 pages you should have geography 100 Pages you should have so after prelims all that

You do is rision don’t sit then then search oh modern history which book shall I read gone then that attempt is gone many students do that after prelims they oh modern history which one sir which world history which textbook this one is good that one is good gone you

Will not I will tell you or anybody will tell you no no it’s all fine everything is fine but there’s no chance it’s a competitive examination do this 2026 June you will clear the exam guaranteed okay doesn’t require only intelligence is that okay average students also can clear the exam if you

Have the right strategy know your strengths work on your weakness what strength is there you Amplified what weakness is there manage it you can’t remove it you manage it see for example I am very bad in facts let’s say I can’t remember dates when India got independence I don’t know but I’m a

Smart so I will say India got independence in the first half of the 20th century am I wrong no 1940 What 20th century middle of 20th century am I wrong no The Examiner will think oh this fellow wrote creatively I’ll give extra marks you understood when did Congress

Come into existence I don’t know late quarter of 19th century examiner like oh my God he’s so creative everybody writes like this he has written so creatively good creative writing intelligence smartness jugar India see tomorrow when you Become dc also you need to have that only you think all resources will be

Available for you there’s a disaster you think everybody will come help you with what you have you have to run the show jard here what is the resource time every everything else is expandable the investment that you make in class is an investment it’s not an expenditure time is a resource the only

Resource that you have that is very valuable because you guys might be in this 23 24 25 27 age by 3 years you’ll become 30 is that okay and 30 may all problems will start physical mental spiritual social marriage all of it will start before that finish this exam is that

Okay guys so this is what is the first tip on your exam strategy that we have uh reference books and all I will share the welcome document in that there is a reference book this is only because some students ask me what reference book some people like the books to be kept in

Their cupboard good but you do you need it for the exam from anthropology if you attend my class definitely not is that okay you don’t need any other source what I give you is from all the source you can be less assured because I want

You to clear no because so that I can put your photo and show that this person was my student so I will put in the hard work you put in the smart work and make nodes and other things these will be shared with you guys I don’t want to I

Mean we have shortage of time so these are the books that you can refer to this is the biological anthropology book that I have written so that book also you can refer all right and some warning don’t read guide books there are several guide books which is very tempting okay to

Read because it’s all in question answer but they’re not good do not complicate your preparation keep it very simple do not get obsessed with information case studies don’t get overloaded with information don’t be information holder okay you need to have the right information not more not less all right uh it’s a difficult

Examination because 11 lakh people write this exam don’t think it is easy if I get up early in the morning attend class I will clear the exam no it doesn’t work like that cuz 11 lakh like you are giving exam across India out of which 14 to 15,000 people only write

Optionals the rest of them don’t even write optional subject only 3,000 people give their interview and only about th000 people get select Ed and in that th000 people only 100 people get IAS in that only 50 people are GM approximately in that only five people will get Karnataka if you are from

Karnataka or whichever state in that only two people will get from ins service inside Karnataka if you are kadaka only two people will get the other three will be from outside Karnataka that’s the rule out of this two one will be GM one will be reserved

So if you planning to get IAS in Karnataka this is the number is that okay so the choice is yours examination therefore is difficult you need the right strategy you need to work hard okay to crack the exam obviously you need to work hard it’s not like I come morning stayed in Chandra

Layout at PG food so therefore I worked hard I should deserve to clear the exam no lacks of people are doing the same thing you need the right smart work yes as I told you read only what is required make notes of only what is asked keep it as crisp as possible work

Smart the right strategy as I told you when to read what what not to read what to read how to read which books to read which books not to read Etc and the the right Mentor will be a game changer okay every successful people have coaches

Have mentors Virat kohi also has a coach who has coached them Sachin Tendulkar also had a coach who coached them okay I understand Romanticism in self-study but it takes time it takes effort the right coach will make a lot of difference in your life which I have realized unfortunately little bit later so

Therefore make the right choice in your preparation stage so that’s it guys this is about anthropology orientation so we’ll be starting with the classes from 15th of April okay so 100 days we will be covering our anthropology syllabus will be interesting we will enjoy the class but it will be mainly focused from

Clearing the exam point of view and not only from anthropology point of view is that okay guys thank you so much now if you have any question yes please so you had a question so what no no so homosexuality is not wrong if you ask you’re asking me I’m saying

Homosexuality is as equal as heterosexuality so there is nothing to be fearful see Society is changing we can’t deny that so when changes occur new value systems will develop there were times 50 years back when women when somebody gave uh you know uh voting rights for women somebody maybe also asked the question

What if women are given equal rights what what are you sure like now if we say homosexuality also should be given equal rights to adapt adopt correct no homosexual couples are not not allowed to ad adapt they’re not allowed to inherit Properties or give properties to their spouse don’t you think we are

Denying them the rights homosexual they’re living happily their life education they’re also going to office working contributing towards the economy being good people paying their taxes contributing to the society but we are denying them adoption rights we are denying them inheritance rights we are denying them marital rights we are

Denying them right to make a family it’s like saying 100 years back women giving education my God why should women get education now they’ll start asking rights from us so that’s how it is so value systems will change more will become the rights so homosexuality as it is it’s uh you

Know this if you ask me it is something which is personal it should be let be yeah okay anything else with respect to anthropology strategy hope it is clear okay um I hope you make the right choice or whatever however you decide you need more clarity you can ask me later also

All right so I will end the class then okay thank you so much have a good day e e for

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