Good evening everyone uh today we are starting our first session on content enrichment so am every we are considering three questions question topic uh vividly or separately we have uh like considered for froms 1 2 3 ET we I mean from today itself we have been submitting questions okay so
Evaluation like I said will be for paid candidates but Jun Topic in the mains guidance program we will be side by side discussing the content of those questions specific reason because what we find difficult is a last minute because three months then it will take a lot of time
So uh we will discuss a few topics so that discussion or through at least we can portray that so that in a very short span of time and as well as very limited okay and this is this is a golden rule this follows every almost every topic particular let’s say book
Entire for every topic we try to limit our plus what important point to say critical analysis okay every topic requires critical analysis and that is the major appliation Mains or help that is a critical analysis of every topic so that is required and that’s what we are going
To do in this program so I welcome you all a main specific content enrichment program at like I said and uh in this program we are going to consider those topics which we are doing par parall in the answer writing program okay so I’ll repeat one more time if there are some
Newcomers here that in the mains program answer writing guidance program basically question present okay so let’s quickly start this session today’s topic that we have selected is Preamble India Pakistan that is we have taken GS2 international relations Swami and we have taken Constitution and we have also taken Indian Society so Indian Society
Is a very um I would say um good and very easily covered topic we cover because Dynamic we are all a part of the society but Preamble or India Pakistan relations these are a bit technical topics that we are going to cover okay uh so let us start the topic Preamble
Today okay all right so Main’s point of view PR let me tell you one thing Preamble is a very very important uh topic from for uh subjective junami questions attend kin okay main this topic is very very important please consider this as a brahmastra in your potic questions
Okay PR cont you can insert all right for that the first initial step would be to memorize the Preamble as a whole prelims we had covered this and I had very specifically mentioned you need to memorize this Preamble by heart okay if you memorize the Preamble by heart
Then you will be able to solve many questionsin link we will do it at a very later phase for that this becomes very uh essential okay uh for example GS2 content I gs1 SC gs1 content I content four apply so all of that is called interdisplinary
Content plays a major role so make sure that you memorize the Preamble okay we the people of India having Sol resolve to constitute India into Sovereign social secular Democratic Republic and secure to all citizens try to remember okay try to memorize itely me again you’ll foret after
Days and make sure that a look at it at least once in a day without any problem because of of the rigorous division okay first thing Preamble needs to be memorized AR preul okay that you need to memorize that you need to know particular the pr basically consist of
Four subsections okay in in general it has four I would say sections will what is the structural content of the pr what is the what are the ingredients of the PR but close to it if something comes then this has to be placed all right I one question towards the end address
Don’t have to worry about the questions first just understand the from Main’s perspective all right so first ingredient this portion of the pr this is telling the source of the authority of thetion that is in the hands of the people here it is in the hands of the
People of India okay so this first section of the this places about the source of authority of the Constitution okay uh the second part okay we the people of India soci soci secular Democratic and Republic okay Sovereign socialist secular and Democratic Republic okay this is the character of the Indian
State Indian State explain the Indian state okay how will you explain the Indian state or how will you explain the character of the Indian State total terms cannot our Indian state is Sovereign our Indian State India as a country is a socialist country India is secular India is
Democratic and India is Republic so you are getting the idea just in five full words G constitutional G this is the most beautifully designed I would say compon then I give it the to the Preamble okay so the nature of the state and the source of the Constitution of
The authority so you can always remember we the people of India this is borrowed from the American Constitution same L the people ofia and we resolve to to which is Sovereign socialist secular Democratic and Republic that is the nature of the uh uh Indian State okay please understand the Preamble okay
It is one of the most important uh components of the Constitution next uh the next comp sorry sorry one sec yeah so the next component of the constit uh Preamble it speaks about the objectives of the Constitution okay PR power sorry the constition power to cor from the people itself people resolve people
Have they have resolution to into a state which has a nature as a sovereign socialist secular Democratic and Republic okay and it will secure to all its citizens okay look at the next line it will secure to all its citizens sorry where was it yeah one second let me take the pen it
Will secure to all its citizens Justice Liberty equality fraternity a s like a soul of the okay like a soul of the the entire objective of the Constitution okay it is mentioned in the Preamble itself the entire objective of the Constitution is presented in the Preamble itself Justice uh Liberty equality and
Fraternity okay Justice Liberty equality and fraternity justice social justice economic Justice and political justice as it is you should remember the words okay the Liberty is in the form of thought expression belief faith and worship I’ll explain the terms but just remember the terms as as of now Clarity
To equality status of and opportunity okay and fraternity which will Ure what it will assure the dignity and integrity and unity of the nation okay so these are some key terms but for the time being you should just remember that the three components already cover of authority source
To it’s the people itself who will promise that India Sovereign socialist secular Democratic Republic bon bon they will uh take the resolution okay and secure to all its citizens the Constitution will secure to all citizens okay what will it secure first we say justice n okay Liberty at a freedom
Equality or fraternity this is the entire gist of the objective of the Constitution okay last part that is the date of the adoption Constitution it was enacted or it was uh given in the consitent assembly okay conem 26 November 1949 we hereby do hereby adopt enact and give to ourselves this constitution last
To simple statement we all know this okay so now I think you’re getting an idea first and Authority nature then objectives and then the date of adoption this is the design of the entire Preamble all of that will come to it slowly in the next coming sessions for
Example here uh the unity and integrity of nation sorry this one Integrity of the this a a word to this was amended or added in the 42nd uh Amendment Act okay but for for now I hope you’re getting an idea that the Preamble has a design and
The design mostly tells you about the power nature of Indian State objectives and of adoption okay now each of these let us quickly understand the terms one by one if they ask you anything about the Preamble they going to ask you from these key terms only and the other way around
We will see how we can do it will be able to answer okay the first key term is sovereignty so these are some notes that I have covered up from online sources okay this was I think nios or material and this I have covered sorry taken up in a general um screen
And this is my note now I will tell you one thing here during the last phase of prepar we don’t have the time to make notes okay we don’t have the time to make handwritten notes we don’t have the time to make full-fledged notes right now and if you’re making notes and then
Trying to study that will take a lot of time and you should not preferably H to then we cannot study other people’s notes okay so that becomes a big problem and you have to come out of it in such a scenario won’t be able to memorize things that is one problem with some
Okay in such a scenario I would ask you to do one thing you have to make notes on the keywords only if you are even if you get the like then if you want to make your notes then you have to make sure that you don’t make entire statement like notes
Okay this is one of the tricks to uh make last minute notes for uh prelim sorry means okay in this scenario what we do is for example this was the entire statement okay prep say how would you do it the sovereignty is one of the most foremost elements of any independent state reject
These lines like this okay answer you should directly hit the that is the first and foremost trick in writing in Saving Time in fact in answer writing as obviously 14 15 minutes most of the candidates if you are starting new and even if you have given m
Have get describ you directly have to start from here it means absolute Independence sovereignty means absolute Independence okay this is the first key line or the keyword okay and uh you will not use use any form of generalized statements in your Mains answers so which means
St can make a shorter note so that is the idea of making a uh note even in the last minute you can make notes but given the fact that you are making it very concise by eliminating everything and just keeping a few key points so particular statement okay this is an extra extra
Point for example okay I’ll show you it means absolute Independence absolute Independence that is government can which is not controlled by any other power this is a generalized statement right you can also add it here but St then you can use this in the m in the
Main let’s say answer you will Beering to Mon and in the exam like I said you have to avoid these statements anyway so there’s no point making a not out of these out of these like big paragraphs FL those notes it will not work in exam okay so uh like I said here
It means absolute Independence internal external power okay a country cannot have its own Constitution without being Sovereign I am going to delete this line again okay generaliz statement not required okay India is a sovereign country a statement generaliz statement okay you’ll delete all those lines it is free from external
Control yes this is important it can frame its own policies yes it is important India is free to formulate its own foreign policy okay so and that is my note okay in a way you can read it also and done that is how you’re going
To also write the same thing in the exam if the term comes if the question comes that explain sovereignty but then you will just write uh sovereignty means absolute Independence okay it the country is free from external control all right it is free to formulate its own internal
Foreign policies that’s it 302 words me conclusion is done you have provided all the three keywords here all right sovereign country obviously India a sovereign country country cannot have its own Constitution without being Sovereign a black statement you can avoid okay in fact this statement also you can add up
But the uh weightage is very less okay next India’s membership of Commonwealth does not affect India’s sovereignty in any manner this is just an extra statement India is a member of the Commonwealth of member for example UN member qu member J this was just an example J International organizations okay International
Organizations even if India is member of it they will not affect the India sovereignty in any manner okay now let me give you the gist and I will not repeat the same thing for the next few sections okay at a glance only I have asked you to uh how
To concise your notes even in the last minute how to make your notes all right how to delete the generalized statements okay if you make print out if you make copy paste notes then also well and good you can do the same thing now what is exactly sovereignty sovereignty
Say that a country isik Malik in very simple and layman terms sovereignty is nothing but it means that India is its own power Indian decisions exter decision for example if the president or the Prime Minister today is taking some decision it has to sign up some policy
They will not go and ask the US president okay they’ll not go and ask the Brazilian Prime sorry uh the Bangladeshi prime minister that AMU kisu are we allowed to do it nothing is uh I mean uh under the control of any other power in the world India Indian
Government in itself is its own power okay I hope I’m clear here in your own words also if you write in your exams but in a good technical language you’ll fetch marks okay so when you say India is a sovereign country first thing was it is absolute intern external both India has
The power to make it in its own territorial integration okay you don’t make it very netive it is powerful to do anything in the world okay that does not mean it can call off war that does not mean it can call off of course if Indian foreign
Policy M if it is attacked then definitely it will retaliate but negative points go for policy making go for the mild options okay that is the one thing now when you say talk about sovereignty and when you talk about everything here that we have discussed here please please correlate it with the
Articles that are present in the Constitution okay please correlate every component of the Preamble with the articles that are present in the Constitution which means PR so nothing is out of the Preamble okay so make sure that you know sovereignty against secularism against article said Democratic Republic Justice for every
Section you should know the corresponding articles this is the point that will fetch you the most Parts okay the Articles because that is the extra knowledge mostly candidates main applicant of they will always miss the mention of the Articles okay because so that will always give
You an upper hand and I have always uh like uh not just in this particular uh scenario in every particular scenario definitely address in these sessions for example in case of sovereignty one at article not the entire uh if you have two three articles if you can memorize them well and good
But even if you don’t like if you’re not able to memorize two three of them just one of them representatively will also be enough but you should you should remember one or two articles because poity is all about playing and uh presenting your data in a very uh
Systematic and Smart Way article placing is one of the smartest ways okay so article 51 C article 51 is basically the fundamental duties so 51 seat that thetion abides the citizens of a country to uphold and protect India’s sovereignty integrity and uh unity and integrity okay so it is like I said
Constitution of power to authority to from the people and the people itself they will hold the sovereignty of the country okay they will uphold the sovereignty unity and integrity of the country one of the Articles which refers to sovereignty okay let us move on to the next uh point
So around try to play answer with okay next is socialist socialist I think everyone knows again this was a uh big paragraph that I had taken up and a key wordss of course what exactly is socialism socialist policy socialist economy it is commitment to attain ideals like removal of inequalities
Equal pay for equal workiz LPG LPG reforms and everything it’s a blend of socialist and um the capitalist economy okay like I said I mean Indian economy is actually mixed economy so New Economic Policy 1991 with the introduction of LPG that is uh the point where socialist principles were a
Bit diluted not much but a bit okay not removal of inequalities equal pay for equal work this still stands today all right so what are the key articles which represent socialist economy socialist component PR cor it is very very clearly represented in dpsp articles 3 39 socialist principles in 38 39 all right
40 42 socialist principles they have mentioned their free legal 39 a so all of DPS elaborately kisu already for prels classes and again Kim but kindly remember that when you talk about socialist you should mentions mention the Articles from directive principles of State policy dpsp here stands for Direct principles of State policy
Article number oh sorry article number sorry sorry article number 36 to 50 a oh 51 okay 36 to 51 okay so now I hope you’re getting an idea all you have to do is you don’t have to write paragraphs you don’t have to click uh huge content take your take your keywords memorize
Them and then move ahead okay how it will uh work and how it is going to help you paragraph NOA keywords L and statements I’ll show you when we do the answers okay in a in a short while next is secular secular key terms secular was added by the 42nd Constitution Amendment
Act this was also added by the Constitution Amendment act 42nd okay Indian constitution embodies the concept of positive secularism now this is also in gs1 gs1 society section communalism secularism regionalism so try to under the same topic you can cover both gs1 okay so GS not a problem okay if there’s a
Question on secularism and if you can mention Preble well and good that is called interlinking of the data okay that will help you in fetching more marks all right touching many dimensions okay so secularism basically we know we respect all the religions right positive secularism all religions in our country
Have the same status and support from the state the key word here is support from the state please remember okay unlike negative concept of secularism suppose Us in that the state is separate from the uh religion that is the statement state is separate from the religion a was positive and negative secularism topic
To concept this this also helps in essay okay anyway what are the key articles every topic see key articles 36 to 51 51 in fact article number one also it will help okay article number one junar India Union of States uh indestructible Union of destructible States
But okay but anyway secular 25 to 28 which is fundamental rights secular okay next is democratic again lots of data here all of this is taken from lakshmikant itself but I have taken three topics three points which I’m going to um basically uh cover for democracy first is democracy
One is political social and economic okay political social and economic democracy and India follows a system of indirect democracy these are key words last democracy example Universal franchise right 18 years of so that that Signifies now what is indirect democracy we do not directly select the uh uh Representatives sorry the way directly in the working of the government participate right participate representatives for example he or she is going to be the voice of the people and with the help of the ex we form the
Or right what we do is we tell our M and the M goes goes forward and what happens they go and discuss our Representatives do it so that is called indirect democracy okay direct democracy directly the people uh participate in the decision making decision making to who does it we
Give it to the representatives they take it forward to the government okay so uh this is called the indirect form of democracy key okay you should know that follows system of indirect democracy and also that political social economic democracy okay political we can vote we can that is political democracy we have
Economic democracy right we have we are free to um jobs say we can apply for jobs within our right we have social democracy okay in exams trust me you will not be able to write so much you have to take a gist of whatever you study make a short
Note and that only you have to convert in exams okay all right next is Republic Republic uh it is a country it is a it is a uh state where the head is the president okay and this particular president he or she is indirectly elected okay not directly indirectly I
President elections of part law the people or the citizens they don’t take part in the election of the presidents election of the that is direct okay direct see system indirect democracy but ele so the will always directly eled then that will be indirectly elected why because we elected the mlmp
And the mlmp elected the president so that is indirect election okay everything like I said constitutional Power contition Authority is in the hands of the people that is why people people direct the case of Republic the head of the state is indirectly elected president in the case of a monarch Monarch republ oppos
Okay rer the queen and they are the main Head of the State again nominal Authority the working British government that is elected okay but the head of the state is a hereditary ruler but in case of India we have no hereditary ruler okay we directly have an authority
Who is indirectly elected by the repres representatives which are in turn directly elected by us okay president okay president is indirectly elected okay okay president it is an indirect procedure I hope this is clear confusion keep it in a simple way okay next we have done this part sovereignty sovereignty socialist
Secular Democratic Republic okay Democratic Republic so this was the nature of the Indian State I hope you remember so nature of the Indian St Des you have to pick it from pick it up from the okay next comes the objectives of thetion first objective justice so now what is justice
Justice is basically any kind of treatment equality irrespective of some particular criteria social justice criteria will be equal treatment on the basis of Color Race religion sex and so on economic based of economic factors political equal politic rights sorry Cen Indian citizen they should get an equal access okay let us
Do it a bit more elaborately type of Justice SCP right social economic and political very important okay very important from Main’s point of view you should always remember soci eom and politic and at the same social mistreatment on the basis of color sex religion sex and so on okay
Then absence of privileges Kun absence privilege Kun privilege extra until unless they are either a backward class children or women okay until unless they are backward class children and women uh privileges will not be given to a particular section okay just because just because someone let’s say on the basis
Of two people if one is Rich and one is poor that is not being that is not allowed according to the contition and that will never be morally correct okay consider social economic justice social equal treatment of citizens basis okay it means absence of privileges economic Justice or basis
Will be economic factors okay on the basis of inequalities in wealth income and property on the basis of let’s Say distinguish okay political Justice will say that every particular citizen of the country will have equal access just because some person is an Untouchable you cannot let him or her not access the office of the government okay now what are the concerned articles here although I have not mentioned here
Let me uh tell you this quickly in case of social justice in case of of social justice this we have covered all of this comes in the form of if you remember uh article number 14 no discrimination okay on the basis of these factors economic Justice this
We have seen in dpsp like I said dpsp are 39 article number 39 38 potato articles you can put it anywhere and everywhere socialist articles dpsp already discuss again we’ll discuss it uh in the upcoming sessions T you will see that there are some articles which are very important
From the basis of on the uh basis of this one this particular term inequalities in wealth free legal aid 39 a b c d e directly stand for economic Justice okay political Justice political rights from the point of view of fundamental rights okay these ideals of justice social economic political Russian
Revolution this you can add up in introduction if Justice ofaj okay I’ll come to it introduction questions will come to it but first just understand the content here okay so Justice I hope it is clear social economic and political article you have to remember article corresponding and the basis of the
Justice you should remember all right next is Liberty very easily absence of restraints more enough okay Liberty means absence of restraints on the activities of the individuals okay but but at the same time providing opportunities for the development of individual personalities it’s a very simple thing restra
But um but only for only in those Li limitations restraints only in those conditions morality buteny constitutional Unity Integrity threaten again we had discussed this in the PRS classes okay Liberty in general will always mean absence of restraints okay uh for example you have the freedom of employment you have the freedom of
Religion religion you have a freedom of expression okay Li to that is very interesting thought okay expression belief faith and worship statement actually faith and worship thought if you remember article number 19 Freedom right to Freedom directly stands for Liberty expression Cod say in article number 19 again okay belief
Faith and worship this is uh religion article number 25 to 28 so you have to always link you’ll have to always link fundamental rights Liberty is enshrined in the fundamental rights okay you always will have to Liberty you’ll have to link to your answers to fundamental rights if you add just two three
Articles also you’ll get extra 05.25 okay5 you’ll get a lot of extra marks if you add up something like this okay Russian Revolution justice social economic political French Evolution the Terms Liberty equality fraternity okay this comes from world history so we not go deep into it but I hope you’re
Understanding take a simple definition understand it definition of key for example Liberty means absence of restraints and providing opportunities for the development of individual personalities okay efw usually you can also use pneumonics for that okay thought expression belief faith and worship thought expression articles of belief can obviously uh like always
Mention but please remember statement on the basis of public morality term terat then Liberty will always be applicable okay next is equality very very important again understand the uh definition equality means absence of special privileges absence of restraints is Liberty okay absence of special privileges is equality to any section of
The society and the provision of adequate opportunities of or all individuals without any discrimination IM statement not a problem you just have to mention at least this part that it means absence of special privileges to any sections of the society to a particular society special privilege equality of status and opportunity
Because from there itself you will get the you will have equality of status stat absence of privilege okay everyone will have the same status same stat right if there are prives right so Equity that is good but then that status will will always be imbalanced okay so the key wordss are
Here absence of special privileges and the provision of adequate opportunities to all the individuals without any discrimination definitely what you call this exceptions for example backward classes section but for you can always remember wom but that is only in lines of the guidelines that are provided by the dpsp vulnerable
Societ but that is a different scenario as a whole PR at least you can keep a note of these things only that is almost fine okay equity civil democracy right to V to okay adult right electoral roles okay so those are political rights all of us are eligible for voting
Basically that is a political right economic rights everything is considered in the dpsp like I said article number 39 equal pay for equal work means of okay as it is you should remember them those are potato articles anywhere you talk about economic anywhere you talk about socialist principle you can add
Those articles so articles are a must in framing answers on polity I hope you’re getting an idea now okay so the last one is fraternity fraternity Hood okay this one citizenship single citizenship single citizenship that is the core that carries the core concept on fraternity single citizenship comp that
Carries the core concept on our fraternity okay and we have an article 51a and article one a article directly fraternity for example here you you don’t have to remember the entire article you just have to mention 51a it mentions the spirit of common Brotherhood more than enough okay
Because we just need the word fraternity and we just need to link it with Brotherhood just okay so the article is article number 51 a which mentions the spirit of common Brotherhood and that is what is placed in the Preamble also okay then second component is a single citizenship that also promotes
Fraternity okay we all are connected we all are citizens of the country and we all are connected with the common ideals of Indian citizenship next is U Dignity of the individuality of the nation our constition has always worked out okay the entire nation andity okay the Preble has mentioned all right
So that is why I’ll go back to the Preamble main statement here you can see fraternity fraternity will always assure see expression Fai and worship equ it is not like an I would say it’s not like an ideal instead it’s like it’s like it’s not just a simple component
But it is one of the ideals that will we the people of India that we have to assure resp those who have are well established they have a have a responsibility towards the vulnerable sessions responsibility but fraternity as a whole it is a duty of the it is placed as a
Duty of the citizen itself okay because fraternity it is the people of India soci secular democratic toote all frat and integrity of the nation okay so these were the key components of the Preble and that is how it is designed in order in a particular order component ingredients
Right we have discussed the associated articles article number one is also a very important article in terms of fraternity it says indiaat is a union of States okay Union of statesm based on this because you know our country is a very diverse country diversity it is an indestructible Union article
Clearly okay this itself stands for Fraternity all right so you can mention this in a very simple language yet of course in a very Bish and language but you can present this in your own simple but technical language okay Tech by technical I don’t mean scientific words or something I just
Mean a few uh the usage of words junar uh they will not sound simple but at the same time they will they will not sound sorry uh they will not sound very uh typ technical but it should sound uh crisp and clear okay so the next component is Preamble as part of the
Constitution this was all about the prbl okay here Preamble as a part of the constition D extra component lakmi where it was discussed in the in the course of evolution of the Constitution what is the position of the pr in the what is the point based on judgments
Com then you have to present these three cases okay mostly 10 marks question too so you do not have to make a very long note and I have made a very uh I would say small cont on this but like I said you cannot revise the entire
Content you have to make a crisper version and from there you have to convert it into main answers right so as of the Union case in 1960 SC Supreme Court decision de that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution then case that Preamble is a part of the Constitution
And in LC case again it was ruled out Preamble is a part of the Constitution but it will not be enforced in the court of justice now very technical language Let me give you an overview quickly small exactly okay uh whenever there’s an sc case whenever these Supreme Court cases
Are there you have to mention them as a part of your poity answers because they will strengthen they will strengthen your quality of the answer background okay this is like the history the evolution of thetion backup that will always help okay so for example in case of the
Berubari Union case now uh I’ll tell you uh this story in a very short way so what happened was uh Pakistan fly I hope this is a part of History I’ll not go into depths but for understanding basically India Pakistan India Bangladesh partion the Ratliff line was drawn and the Ratliff line was arbitral India West Bengal sorry Assam West Bengal border line okay so the rli line also went through Ji
Sorry the exact point where that confusion happened was in the berubari union case and that was in 1960s so he draw for a long time this dispute was there when it was referred to the Supreme Court sueme couris number it’s basically a place okay so at that point of time decided Pak
Particular it was but before that okay before that one more thing agreement 1958 agreement Union was given to Pakistan okay I hope it is clear I’ll repeat so there was this partition partition of the line was drawn which was the Red Cliff line in during that partition itself some Villages were disputed
Because to arit imagin ACC there were many disputes exactly like dispute was resolved by a particular agreement agreement 1958 agreement now here comes the glitch pakist decision the people the people of India they had the Sovereign power they had the power toere who it will be a part of India or part of
Pakistan Sovereign will okay the Sovereign will Sovereign will man people are the final Authority then people will people Indian citizens or Pakistan citizens M how can the particular uh place the B Union be transferred to the other country okay without the consent of the people basically so
How Okay the sovereignty that is here I’ll go back to the slide that here we the people of India will take the decision who will take the decision of transferring buar Union second question from a very scratch place will the pr be considered a part of the Constitution or not okay if the
Pr is considered a part of the Constitution then why because the will will be based on the people all right but in this scenario Union case decided that the Preamble is not a part of the Constitution transfer govern on the basis of the N agreement so that was the first decision after 13
Years what decision was taken the decision that was taken in berar Union was wrong and Preamble is a part of the Constitution okay is a part of the Constitution all right L Cas of qu Preamble is definitely an integral part of the Constitution a word to add it is anal part of
The it cannot be enforced in the court of justice for example social economic Justice and sorry social economic political Justice asset for example this is violated so the C but on theas of okay I’ll repeat justice social economic political suppose in the pr someone violated this and now that
Someone a person a suppose goes to the Supreme Court and tells it is written in the Preamble that justice social economic political but VI so I’m placing a case I I’m filing a case to enforce this this component this is not possible so whatever is written in the uh Preamble
It cannot be enforced in the court of law okay I hope I’m clear here in the Preamble whatever is written it cannot be directly enforced see it is written it cannot be directly enforced but can enfor constition This has to be followed but at the same time like I said associ okay suppose for example in case of equality theas of thisle 16 17 18 so as a result the Supreme Court can take action in the form of I hope I’m clear here okay so this just you have to
Understand case Supreme Court decided PR is not a part of the Constitution transer government can transfer from India to Pakistan okay people because PR is not a part of the Constitution as a whole govern I mean bir delay in case of Kanda bti case this was reversed okay it was reversed and it said Preamble is a part of the Constitution that is right
But LC case of call Preamble is an integral part of this Constitution and it cannot be directly enforced in the court of justice okay so this was the cahan sorry this was the story which mentions which explains Preamble as a part of the Constitution all right next
Is amendment of The Preble just that we all know by the 7 42nd Constitution Amendment act social secular and integrity okay preamble to amend that comes from okay am but in theti case it was It was decided that the Preamble can be amended under article 368 of the constition
Consider Amendment or time we will discuss this question first okay so this was again for now just for the idea you can remember next these are the two points that is the entire uh summary of the Preble okay as a part of the contion Amendment okay Preamble is neither a source of
Power to legislature nor a Prohibition upon the powers of legislature based on Preamble M for examp because the is neither Source power prohibition upon the powers of the legislature it is a phase or the ID card of the Constitution okay it is the pH of the ID card of the
Constitution that it is a summary of the entire Constitution but based on Preamble nobody can enforce it okay nobody can enforce the laws based on the Preamble they can only enforce laws and everything on the base of articles that are actually written in the Constitution okay it is non-justiciable that is
What follow one so it is violating the Constitution no they cannot do it if a particular article is violated then definitely it can be enforced or it can be justiciable all right so what is the status of Preamble as so that you have cannot long we’ll make a short note and we’ll
Put it as it is in the examination so that we can understand the entire content that we had done and how are we going to apply it now see discuss each objective attached to the word Republic in the Preamble are the defendable in the present circumstances
Now I hope you are getting the idea the Republic get adjective right these are questions okay these are up questions but at the same level AP questions cover without any doubt a level APS is at par with upsc the questions are as tricky and as um challenging as they are presented in the
UPC okay so you can practice UPC question questions without any fear without any compromise okay so discuss each adjective social secular sorry Sovereign socialist secular Democratic and Republic so you have to discuss discuss now this might be for a 15 question or 10 let’s say this is a question okay that absolute
Independence forign policy interor policies policies these are the three points that you can add next it’s no point making a very long and then in exam you will scan no whatever note you have you can place it as it is okay canl in different types of question
See the same note that we having here right now we can use it in the first question right sorry so you have the adjectives are defendable in the present circumstances for example now this is the applied knowledge this will not come to you in the day one of course Cent Affairs interational Rel
Okay for example are they defendable in the present circumstances it means that adjective do they stand right so in these situations you always have to give the positive side that yes they are defendable okay but besides that on a major skill the uh ideals are definitely defendable for example sovereign
We can always place our position in the UN we have taken V International agreements okay we independently do it then for example in our country also we are making our own irrespective Poli right irrespective neighboring countries we take those St okay specifically but just giving an idea secularism definitely article 2528 for
Example some Sab Mala for example right that was a case of article 2528 and also for article number uh 14 right to equality women were not allowed to enter the like temples right SAA case even a Cas was there so in case of socialist you can say
Different we are trying to like equal equality in case of this particular term removal of equalities of inequalities scheme all these are in a way socialist policies right Farmers double income SCH example so this will require some knowledge it will come to you ually but on
This then you have to use your like content in accordance with the current then rep discuss and one more thing here it is asking and question kindly very carefully okay it is asking discuss each objective attached to the word Republic so Republic to discuss so they asking to discuss each
Objective at attached to the word okay so disc democracy you can of course discuss you can bring in the delimitation recently that will come under the adjective democracy are they defendable in the present circumstances component so you see component based on a very short note you can present that and the
Second part is definitely uh analytical applicable then it will definitely come to you okay what are the next question what are the basic values enshrined in the Preamble of our constitution the same thing socialist secular hear nature of state that is those are the basic values number one second Valu Justice
Liberty equality and fraternity those are the four values that’s it the same question uh I mean a different question the same content okay how relevant are these values again are they defendable in the present circumstances the same question are they relevant yes they relevant foreign policy intact in case of sovereignty secularism
We have done this Justice particular how relevant are these values you just have to show them that the government and the citizens are taking play taking their steps from their end okay to make these values true to their end they are existing the actual okay next question is the pre is
The philosophical key to the Constitution examine here you have to again the same content okay you just give the uh first the adjectives the Democracy what is the philosoph right that this article corresponds to this philosophy this article of the Constitution corresponds to this philosophy democracy Justice or social economic political
Liberty so Preamble is definitely the philosophical key that is right question to the Constitution so how will you connect it to the Constitution it’s to the Articles so the same content the same answer okay I mean a different kind of presentation all of changeable like I said next is how far
Is Preamble useful in interpreting the Constitution the same component here similar you have to show the Articles how far is the preamble useful you take the adjectives socialist secular Democratic Republic uh uh sorry Sovereign social secular democra republic5 secular in the same way justice social econom so now you can
See that is why I have taken this class in particular from the point of view of quity because poity not you make one single note and you’re going to answer any question that comes in your pocket so the uh is always you make one note and answer five
Questions you don’t make five notes and answer one question because that is what people do you have to do okay so please I not prepared questions is just because of the rigorous answering that we do so that as it is question and that content also definitely over
The time we will learn how to do it but for today at least you have got I hope that you have got an idea number question G question you can give me I can write any content based on this particular note only okay so don’t try
To make uh many you know like multiple sources this is the reason how you don’t this is the way how you don’t have to look for multiple content go for lak only sit for One not itself it’s more than enough all right and a big trick to saving time is this
In general you should make an introduction in general you should make a conclusion so you see all of these questions they are almost having the same kind of content so my idea ised good content preclusion andu least but your end this will always save time because usually in exams introduction
Conclusion specifically hisory sta in can make particular like it’s a very tough task but for any kind of I have never bothered about intruction my introductions are always fixed for every topic okay so if you do that it saves a lot of time based on the demand of the question
I can place but potato introduction by potato conclusion that it will fit in all the um questions okay make sure that this is a very I would say it doesn’t work always because questions but at least 20 Questions definitely if you make an introduction and conclusion by default
It will save at least one minute of your time and imagine one minute of your time saving in 10 questions that that means you’ll have 10 minutes of extra time okay to start the introduction with a fixed Man Okay so this was all for today session if you have any doubts then you
Can ask me
source
