[Applause] Let’s see Hello friends I am arpit and I’m here with today’s analysis today is 14th of September and we are going to discuss three very important topics which are in use the first topic which we’re going to discuss is the khalistan movement now there is a strange reason why this is in news
But yet it is not so strange actually there was a meeting of the Canadian Prime Minister who was with visiting for the 18th G20 Summit with the Indian prime minister and it is believed that the Indian Prime Minister discussed the issue of the khalistanis the extremists there in Canada you know disturbing situations
Over there making things difficult for the Indian diplomats Indian embassies attacking Indians or even their places of worship so there were talks regarding this and in the media overall you know in India in Canada there were reports that you know Trudeau got a scolding from the Indian prime minister
However we as aspirants we should not indulge too much into these kind of Masala news but yes no we should know what the issue is the issue is the khalistan movement which they were discussing so here in this topic we will be discussing right from the very Basics how did the
Khalistan movement begin when was it at its peak in Punjab that is in 1980s and its downfall and after mat of that per se kalistan movement has not died it is still there that is why it is under discussion but you know it was in a different form
Earlier now in a different form so we have to compare these two the second is the Nipa virus now there have been two deaths in Kerala due to this Nipa virus is Nipa virus coming for the first time in India is it a Nobel virus no Nobel
Virus simply means a new virus no it actually claimed lives earlier also in India in 2018 and 2021 but the point here to note is that those deaths were also in Kerala now also two deaths in Canada you need to think that why these kind of disease outbreaks happen from Canada
Even the first case of covet they were reported from Kerala first among the first few cases they were there in Kerala only actually there is a lot of in and out migration from Kerala where do the keralites migrate the majority migrate to the western part of Asia that is the Middle East
And it is believed that you know they are the carriers of these kind of viruses so we will be discussing what Nipa virus is what are its symptoms is it curable how it is transmitted all these things then India among the G20 countries in terms of various indicators
Now in this particular topic we will be studying that where India stands among the G20 countries in four indicators the first indicator is GDP per capita where do we stand the second is labor force participation rate what is the situation of Labor Force participation rate in India among the
G20 members the third is human development index it is an index released by the United Nations and you know what is our situation what is our ranking on that particular index and the fourth is women in the parliament how much percentage of our parliamentarians are women what is India’s ranking on these four
Indicators among the G20 countries we’ve been studying a lot positive about G20 whatever happened we’ve covered that but we should also see this I would say perspective because India is lagging behind in all these indicators India is either at the 18th position or the 19th position
On some indicators only 19 data from 90 countries is available so on those India’s at 19 position for example HDI last status so that is actually varisa for us so we will see this and you know we will cover all these three topics from prelims as well as Mains point of view
Let’s begin with the first move topic the khalistan movement khalistan actually comes from the word land of Khalsa Khalsa is an orthodox form of Sikhism which promotes the purest tenets of Sikhism the five case foreign khalsas are hardcore followers of these tenets of Sikhism and you know this all started in the
1960s and 1970s Punjab when a person named jarnail Singh bhindravale who was quite fascinated about you know establishing a land a Homeland or a country for six and the Sikhs in living in that country will be the Khalsa seeks means the purest form of Sikhism will be adopted by them
Those who are not adopting they will be moved out or they will be killed non-siks definitely will be killed those Sikhs who are not following the purest form of Sikhism like those Sikhs who are into it dodging in themselves into alcoholism consuming alcohol meat or cutting their hair they all will be targeted
And this was his utopian dream to build this land of Khalsa named as kalistan kalistan obviously entailed the entire Punjab in India and some parts of Punjab of Pakistan also this khalistan was the dream of and that was the aim of khalistan movement this proposed khalistan actually was a
Buffer Territory between Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir this is how the pakistanis also viewed it and thus supported this movement there were clear-cut connections between Pakistan’s isi and the khalistanis however in 1980s there was a operation Operation Blue Star which was launched by the Indira Gandhi government actually Journal Singh bindrawala and
His scatters they hid themselves in the Golden Temple they were preaching from there that the government of India is trying to attack our religion because Golden Temple is the highest seat of the Sikhs but the operation was carried out it was a two or three days operation where the Indian army entered
The golden temple neutralized generalizing bindrawala and his you know cadders the people were thinking that the kalistani movement was over actually khalistani movement touched its lowest and obviously it was not able to you know go to that height again but it did not die many khalistani supporters they fled out
Of India to other countries for example Canada and from now they are carrying on the movement that is why this is in discussion that was one of the major points of discussion of these two leaders you see behind me on the screen and that is why the media was reporting
That Justin Trudeau got a scolding from the Indian prime minister the Canadian Prime Minister also missed out on the G20 dinner with reasons unknown so this made the speculations more strong but anyways we as aspirants we should know what the khalistani movement is so we’ll begin with the details of the kalistani movement
The aim of this movement was to establish a buffer sovereign state of Punjab to be named as khalistan kalistan simply means the land of Khalsa Khalsa is that Sikh which is falling or following the purest form of Sikhism means in that particular land only that Sikhs will live which are following the
Purest form of Sikhism that was the main aim of kalistan movement actually such a state existed also from 1709 to 1849 but you know it got diluted it got diluted with the influx of many cultures from the neighboring regions and it was not practically possible also it was not practically possible that
Time it is not definitely not practically possible post Independence when this khalistan movement started by Journal Singh bhindwale because our constitution gives us the right to freedom of movement and residing anywhere in the country peaceful coexistence is one of the tenets of enshrined in our constitution fraternity Brotherhood and in that a
Person is demanding a region only for the Sikhs following the purest form of Sikhism that is why his demand was considered as utopian the claimed state would have geographical proximity with Pakistan as well as jnk so we’ll understand this by this map this is basically Jammu and Kashmir this
Is Punjab Indian site Punjab So what khalistan had to be was this entire Punjab and some portion of Pakistan’s Punjab also Pakistan was ready to give it and this state would be a buffer State between J and K and Pakistan what would else Pakistan want they wanted the state to be
Formed that is why they were supporting it it would destabilize India one second this state will give free passage or easy passage to the pakistanis for jndk but the Indian government was quite Resolute and did not let this happen now we need to also understand why this
State was or why this movement started and then you know we’ll start from the independence 1947 when we got independence the Sikh Community was one of the most impacted communities many of the Sikhs they lost their lives many of the sick females they were raped they were beaten they were killed also
Many of the Sikhs had to leave all their belongings and migrate many of the Sikhs were left behind in Pakistan also only but this 1947 partition had a very bitter memory for the Sikhs because of all those reasons which I explained there’s a movie no Sikhs are there in that movie
Which were on the receiving end of this partition and followed by migration they came we started our independent journey and right from that very year the Punjabi subah movement started subah in Punjabi means a state a province wasn’t Punjab a state in India right from the very beginning it was but
Punjab was today’s Punjab plus today’s haryana plus today’s Himachal Pradesh this was Punjab so Punjabi subah movement basically aimed for a Punjab of punjabis only Punjabi speaking people should be there in Punjab not the Hindi speaking or not the hilly people from Himachal Pradesh and that was the aim of Punjabi subha
Movement which started right from the very beginning that is 1947. then in the 1950s there was the state’s reorganization committee’s verdict it did not address the demands of the Punjabi subha movement it rejected it so hence Punjab was equal to today’s Punjab haryana and Himachal Pradesh it was that big
So the efforts of the Sikhs they intensified against the government that we want a separate state for ourselves and finally in the year 1966 Punjab was formed which we see today’s Punjab the same year haryana was formed the same year Himachal Pradesh was formed as a state so earlier Punjab was divided into
Punjab haryana and Himachal Pradesh I would say that in 1966 the demands of Punjabi subha movement were met but you know for some people you know whatever you give that is not enough so some people in Punjab they actually weren’t wanted one more thing or one
More Step Ahead they wanted to go they said that statehood we’ve got but we want more autonomy for our state we want our state to have its own Constitution just like Jammu and Kashmir is having we want limited number of subjects to go to the central government maximum of the
Subjects should come to us and this kind of resolution was adopted by them in the anandpur sahib resolution a demand for autonomy for the state of Punjab and a separate Constitution for them just like Jammu and Kashmir had obviously this was not entertained by the central government
The central government was like we have given you a statehood that is it nobody secedes from India or nobody gets this special status Jammu and Kashmir is an exception it got it though this was the response of central government to the this anandpur sahib resolution but this anandpur sahib resolution
Inspired one person a lot and that one person was none other than Mr Journal Singh bhindravale he got inspired from the anandpur sahib resolution so much that he started a religious movement he himself was a religious scholar a preacher a Khalsa Sikh and he started advocating that
We don’t want an autonomy for a state he went one step ahead he said we I want to form a separate country I want to take out Punjab from India also some parts of Punjab from Pakistan we want to make that place khalispan where only those Sikhs will live who
Will be following the purest form of Sikhism no alcohol consumption no cutting of the beard no cutting of hair everyone will always wear a kirpan Kanga will be there all those five k’s will be followed and hence he started targeting many people including the modernized Sikhs the Hindus obviously they were not
Seeks and the modernized seeks those who cut their hair and consumed alcohol in equal measure he was inspired by the khalistan ideology led the khalistan movement he started the khalistan movement he led it and there was a demand for a separate nation for Punjab and in this Pursuit he also targeted
Many government officials terrorism in Punjab was so lethal many experts many Security Experts I would say you know when they compare terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir and terrorism in Punjab they say that terrorism in Punjab was more lethal more deadly there was more fear these khalistanis or those you know
There were many you know khalistani outfits or many terrorist outfits in Punjab who were promoting this ideology of khalistan like damdama taxal kalistani Liberation forces all these were there many were there we’ll see a bit you know these people they went out on the roads they saw a Hindu killed him
Or they saw a modernized sick attacked him his family this was so lethal people were living in fear and the aim was to form you know a kalistan where you know Sikhs will be there as a separate country where Sikhs will be there who would be following this purest form of Sikhism
Now the rise and fall off movement 1980s and early 1990s Punjab went to a phase of widespread terrorism Pakistan’s isi obviously was supporting this because Pakistan would get a buffer territory do Jammu and Kashmir we’ve already discussed this now many extremist groups as I mentioned earlier were there manifold extremist
Groups like The kharistan Liberation Force kalistan Commando force and others were also there they roamed around and they spread terrorism all across Punjab they were also of this you know I would say that they were Ardent followers of General they were propagating his ideology in Punjab the government obviously had to take action
The central government came into action because it was out of the bonds of or out of the hands of the state police government of India planned to launch Operation Blue Star the year was 1983-84. and Operation Blue Star was launched the main aim of Operation Blue Star was to neutralize General Singh bindravale
And his cadders they came to know about it and they very cunningly hid themselves in the Golden Temple from the golden temple they started preaching to the people the common people that government wants to attack our religion wants to finish our religion we want to spread our religion because obviously
Religious ideology was there on the morning of operation blue style when Operation Blue Star had to be launched you know Indira Gandhi delivered a session on all India radio and she clarified that we are not against any religion we are against terrorism she gave a good long speech on all India
Radio in which she gave or she convinced the people correctly and then she went on to launch Operation Blue Star Operation Blue Star carried out by the Indian army they entered the golden temple complex this operation was carried out for good I would say two three days was neutralized
Some of the army Personnel were also killed now tanks were there on the gates of Golden Temple so this was very very I would say you know a startling event you know if you could see this tank over here it is in the golden temple complex
These Army javans blood stains on the on the ground no this is inside Golden Temple complex was neutralized killed but did this end the kalistani movement the big question is this actually kalistani movement came to its lowest I can say there were many people who were outside the golden temple complex and Ardent
Followers of this ideology of kalistan they knew that the government is overpowered now they hit themselves became Underground fled out of India to many other countries and kept the movement going from those particular countries the aftermath of this particular Operation Blue Star was also assassination of the Indian Prime
Minister that is Indira Gandhi Indira Gandhi was assassinated by her two Sikh bodyguards those seek bodyguards are believed to be instigated by the khalistanis probably they were threatened or their families were threatened for their families but it is just a speculation as upsc aspirants we don’t have to do
Dip go deep into that but yes we should understand what happened in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star the first assassination of Indira Gandhi in 1984 it led to the Delhi C riots these were very deadly then blowing up of an Air India flight coming from Canada
In 1985 more than 300 people were killed and this Bomb Blast was claimed explicitly by the kalistanis then assassination of ex-army Chief general a.s vedia actually generous General a.s where they are LED Operation Blue Star so he was assassinated assassination of Punjab chief minister Bayan Singh In 1995.
All these happened after Operation Blue Star so we cannot say that the khalistani movement ended with Operation Blue Star it is still alive now very recently 2020 there was a call for referendum in London now these people the khalistanis they have sent proposals to the United Nations also that we want to
Conduct a referendum in Punjab and we want to ask the people of Punjab referendum is a vote where question will be asked to the people questions like do you want to form a khalistan or not then people will say what they want you and rejected their demand and they
Conducted a rally in London in 2020 for that then support of the khalistanis in anti-caa and NRC I would say protests ca’s citizenship Amendment act NRC is National register for Citizens which happened in the early 2020. that is you know January February 2020 this happened and it is believed that the kalistanis
Were supporting there as well as during the farmer protests of 2021 there was explicit support by the khalistanis then attacks on Indian Embassy and officials in Canada there are threats there are attacks again in the starting of this year there was a person named Amrit pal Singh
He claimed to be the successor of General Singh bhindrawala he was also promoting this khalistan ideology in Punjab people dubbed him as bindravale 2.0 also now he created a lot of I would say disturbance after a few months he surrendered himself so the story of amritpal Singh I would
Say as of now is over when he surrendered himself so this was actually you know the aftermath of Operation Blue Star which definitely makes us believe that the kalistan movement is still alive so we should be looking at this from this particular angle that it has not ended
It it pops up again and again like recently you know when amritpal Singh he was on a run so kalistani is on on I would say the Indian Embassy in in London they took off the flag in the very next day Indian Embassy people they put a massive flag over
There so these people are there in foreign countries promoting their I would say movement but anyways let us move to the next topic that is Nipa virus now Nipa virus has claimed two lives in Kerala is this the first time that Nipa virus is there in India no actually NEPA virus claimed lives
Earlier in 2018 and 2021 that too in Canada now the two deaths which have happened in Kerala that district is on high alert now contact racing isolation all these kind of activities are done by the administration the state government the central government both are very active
No need to say that Nipa virus can claim lives has other symptoms like headache fever body pain breathing problems all these happen in that same like covet can it be transmitted from Human to human yes it can be transmitted from Human to human that is why it is
Dangerous that is why that particular district is on alert do we have a cure for it or do we have a vaccine for it not yet we have not developed a vaccine for it we are just only treating the symptoms but it is dangerous it is lethal it is life taking
So we should be prepared for that we should be taking all necessary precautions whether we are in Kerala or out of Kerala you don’t know how virus spreads and we all know one thing that once it spreads it creates a lot of ruckus 2020 till 22 this Ruckus we all have witnessed
So let’s get started with this topic that is Nipa virus Nipa virus breaks out again again is written because it already was there and it has claimed two lives one person a 40 year old and another person a 44 year old person now the 44 year old person has a nine-year-old son
He is also serious and a 24 year old relative he is also serious they both have contracted this virus and they are under treatment so let us hope and pray for the recovery and most importantly let’s hope and pray that this does not spread now how it is transmitted
It is a zoonotic virus zoonotic when the word Zoo is there so you should you know relate it to animals it is transmitted from animals to humans so first it comes from animals to humans then from Human to human it can spread it can spread to humans from other animals also
So it is like this animal to Human then human to human it can spread it can spread from animal to other human also it is like this so the chain can go on increasing now which animals are the host transmitted from animals such as bats pigs to humans
Now these bats were known to spread covet also so these bats are dangerous is human to human spread possible yes we’ve already discussed this human to human spread is possible and the worst part is that an infected person can be a symptomatic carrier and can transmit the virus to the other
Person just like covet so an infected person can be asymptomatic but can be a carrier of Nipa virus symptoms and prevention the symptoms human infection presents and encephalitic syndrome marked by fever headache drowsiness disorientation mental confusion coma body ache breathing problems all these are also symptoms how can it be prevented currently there
Are no vaccines for both humans and animals intensive supportive care is given to humans infected by Nipa virus means the symptoms are treated if it is spreading like pneumonia we can do experiments with various medicines we can do experiment with steroids like we did during covet
But we need to find cure of this so we need to find the medicine for this vaccine would definitely be good this kind of I would say disease spread is going to be more frequent in the time to come can we link it to climate change definitely yes
Can we link it to growth of human population or rapid growth of human population definitely yes can we link it to terrorism you know biological warfare is you know one thing which the terrorists can adopt probably it is a possibility we can link what we can do best we can intensify research and
Development in the healthcare sector we can you know roll out instructions frequently we can maintain Sanitation hygiene and most importantly responsible behavior we have to maintain so it is we the people who will be the ultimate sufferers and we the people can prevent it also
So we should get to work in this domain as well next is India in G20 in terms of various indicators we studied about the basics of G20 which now happens to be g21 after the inclusion of African Union we’ve studied how you know India has performed during its presidency
Has conducted more than 220 meetings in 60 cities hosted a grand grand event delivered consensus discussed issues like Russia Ukraine war and was able to forge or ferment a consensus there also launched the global biofuel Alliance a new I would say a very good initiative then India middle east Europe economic
Corridor again an initiative which is worth commendable commending but we should look also the other side the other side is various indicators which are related to We the People means the humans how India is performing on those indicators now four indicators are into consideration first is GDP per capita now
Let’s keep African Union out as of now for discussion but there are 19 countries and one EU so when I discuss GDP per capita income we do not have data about Russia so we have data about 19 entities and India is one among the lowest over there human development index
Again for this particular indicator we do not have data about EU but there also India is at the 19th position human development index contains three components first is life expectancy rate that is Healthcare status in your country second is education levels in your country and third is standard of living
India is at the 19th position among the G20 members the third indicator is basically labor force participation rate lfpr that we have of all for 20 countries and India is performing poorly there are there also I think it is 18th or 19th rank over there and the last indicator is representation
Of women in the parliament how many percentage of parliamentarians are females there also we are the second last we do not have this data about Saudi Arabia but yes you know among the 1990s we are on the 18th position in that data also in that indicator also
So this is India’s standing on these four indicators which we are going to discuss isn’t it an eye opener it should be and as aspirants we should learn or we should see both sides of the coin if we are knowing to praise we should also know the shortcomings and
We’re going to discuss the shortcomings of India here obviously there is always a scope for improvement and India has immense scope of improvement because India is you know somewhere in the last rung only in all the four indicators India hosted the 18th G20 Summit in New
Delhi we know that theme was one Earth one family one future we discussed multiple issues like climate change security energy development Healthcare digitalization all were discussed the summit was wrapped up successfully India transferred the G20 presidency to Brazil because president is only for one year so Brazil is going to be next year’s
President this is some factual data about G20 which we might be knowing also but yes if I talk about GDP per capita income the black dots which you are seeing is India now GDP per capita of 19 regions we do not have data about Russia over here take care so in 1970 basically
It was ranked 18 out of the 19 regions this is India in 1970 in terms of GDP per capita and you know in 2022 GDP per capita is 2388.62 dollars in 1970 it was somewhere around you know hundred and eleven 0.97 dollars per capita we should also know what is GDP per
Capita GDP per capita is the sum of gross value added by all Resident producers in the economy divided by mid-year population it is simple GDP per capita GDP created or gross value added by all the residents residents include citizens as well as non-citizens who are residing here in this territory
The value added means GDP generated by these people divided by the population this is simple formula of GDP per capita in 1970 it was 111.97 dollars per capita now in absolute terms it has increased 2388.62 that is why it has gone forward but still among the 20 countries we are here lost
We were not lost when 1970 we measured it it was Indonesia who was lost but now we are lost then human development index HDI HDI has three components life expectancy which denotes or signifies the health care facilities in your country access to education the education facilities and standard of living these three
Indicators are there human development index is released by the United Nations development program every year last year’s ranking of India was 132. which was not good at all so India has not performed well on this Index right from the very beginning and the irony is that the people who
Proposed this index they were two economists one was mabubulak from Pakistan the other one was amartya sen from India has large contributions in this few contributions amarteshan also and both these countries India and Pakistan not performing well on this index they’ve never so human development index we do not
Have data about EU but yes India was seen at the last position in 1990 in 2021 again India has seen at the last position in fact in 2021 the Gap has increased here the Gap is not so much between the next country but yes it is startling
So we need to work on this as well next is labor force participation rate now we need to understand what labor force participation actually means what is the meaning of Labor Force participation rate it can be defined as the ratio of people who are working Plus people who are not working
But willing to work they are willing to work they want to work they are seeking employment they are there in the numerator and in the denominator the population I would say working population which is more than 15 years till 59 years and this also working more than 15 to 59
Not working but seeking employment 15 to 59 years of age upon total population in this age bracket that is labor force participation rate these many people are participating in the labor force we are counting them also as participating in labor force because they want to work or they are seeking employment
Someday or the other they will get employment now this particular chart Compares you know labor force participation rate labor force participation rate thankfully India was at the third largest third last position Saudi Arabia second last Italy the last position in 1990 it was but when you talk about 2020 122
We are here with Italy Saudi Arabia has gone past us Saudi Arabia is now here but we are here this is also startling above 15 years of age in the 20 regions between 1990 and 2021-22 this is compared this chart is comparing in 1990 with an lfpr of 54.2 percent India ranked 18th
19th was Saudi Arabia 20th was Italy over here in 2021-22 its rank slipped to 19 became 19 at least last over here ahead of Italy Italy has 49.4 percent and India’s lfpr 49.5 percent just see India’s lfpr reduced from 54.2 percent to 49.5 percent obviously the base has increased there
Are many people in this category in the denominator because India’s huge population is there but yes in terms of percentage it should have also increased at least remained the same and last is women in Parliament now when we covered that particular topic special session of the parliament which
Is just going to happen 18th of September it is scheduled I said that one of the possibilities can be reservation bill for women in Parliament we do not have data for Saudi Arabia over here but yes India here also is not performing well around 14 to 15 percent of the
Parliamentarians are women in the present Parliament so when we compare this data for 19 countries or 19 regions 18 countries and one EU between 1998 and 2022 this is there India’s relative growth in the share of women in Parliament has been slow with many countries and EU outpacing
India from 8.1 percent in 1998 we had 8.1 percent parliamentarians as females the share almost doubled to 14.9 percent in 2022. that is around 15 percent it is but when compared to 18 countries and the EU India’s rank slipped from 15 in 1998 we were ranked 15 in 1998. we had four more
Countries behind us now it is 18th we have only Japan behind us so this is also an eye opener so we should remember these four indicators India’s performance if there comes a question on criticism of India’s performance among the G20 countries or comparative analysis of India’s performance on these indicators
Among the G20 countries you have ample further to write and this comparison will definitely help you gain marks if it is demanded criticism is actually constructive you should know how to criticize in your answers in your thoughts also see you are going to be the I would say representative of the government
You are going to work for the government you cannot outrightly criticize the government but there should be a way of criticizing it the constructive criticism should be there as I said in the beginning yes we are lagging behind hence there is immense scope for improvement we can improve in these indicators
We have improved a lot in conserving the climate that particular indicator if we can do it over there we can definitely do it over here so we should be looking to improve on these indicators actually this is the human Centric approach which our prime minister was talking about ensure welfare of the humans
So when GDP per capita we are talking about job creation and all will definitely contribute in increasing GDP per capita when our focus is on human welfare obviously HDI rankings will increase when our focus is on humans their skill development their employment generation labor force participation rate will increase
And when our focus is on gender equality again humans participation of women in Parliament will also increase so let us continue with that human-centric Approach at least in our country so that we Excel as a nation be there before 2047 as a developed country make the Amrit Kal a bit shorter
So this is it from today’s session I’ll be meeting you with some more exciting and informative stuff tomorrow that’s it bye bye Jain keep studying keep reading keep revising and keep writing also namaste
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