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Description box down below without further Ado let us begin now before starting of our today’s discussion let me make an announcement now we all know that choosing optional is one of the most critical decision that we can make in our upsc journey as the optional it is a rank decider and
Hence it is necessary that we make an informed choice and in this regard Rouse is optional faculties they are conducting an open house session of various optional subjects as this optional open house is scheduled between September 12th and 21st on 1 pm now let us start with the first article of the
Day and it appeared in page 4 of today’s Hindu newspaper this article reports that about 2.27 crop people which include bank and corporate employees they have registered for reading of the Preamble of the Indian constitution and this reading it will take place tomorrow that is 15th of September at 10
Am in the state of Karnataka now this date holds special significance because it is when the International Day of democracy is celebrated worldwide now the topic of Preamble is important from GS paper to perspective as this syllabus it highlights Indian constitution and its features further the topic of Preamble it appeared in
Mains of the year 2016 where a question asked us to discuss each adjective related to the world Republic given in the Preamble further in the prelims of the Year 2020 a question appeared on Preamble and its legal status hence in the scope of our today’s discussion on Preamble we will
First discuss its key components as well as keywords that are given in the Preamble moving forward we will discuss objective that this Preamble aims to serve in furthering the Harmony in the Indian Republic before concluding the discussion we will discuss the legal status of Preamble especially with respect to Supreme Court judgments then
We will also discuss amendments that were made into the Preamble hence let us start off our today’s discussion by discussing what are key components and words given in the Preamble of our Indian constitution now the American Constitution it was the first constitution in the world which began with the Preamble and following
This many countries which also includes India it started to follow this same practice now the term Preamble it is referred to an introduction or a preface to the Constitution hence it contains summary or the essence of the Indian constitution now an eminent jurist that was he called Indian Preamble as an identity
Card of the Constitution hence Indian Preamble it reveals four key ingredients or components the first is that it determines the source of the authority as the Preamble it states that the constitution of India it derives its Authority from the people of India further the Preamble it also describes
Us the nature of Indian State as it declares India to be a sovereign socialist secular and a Democratic Republic further the Preamble also highlights the objective of the Indian constitution as this Preamble it specifies justice Liberty equality and fraternity as the Constitution’s objective in the end Constitution also highlights
The date of adoption of the Indian constitution as it stipulates that November of 26th in the year of 1949 was the date when the Constitution was enacted in India now after we have discussed the key components let us discuss keywords that are given in the Preamble the first keyword is that it describes
The ultimate location of Indian sovereignty that is it indicates that the ultimate sovereignty of India it lies with the people of India and in this regard sovereignty means that Indian state is an independent Authority and it is not being subjected to control of any external power further the word sovereign that is given
In the Preamble it highlights that India is its own independent Authority and it is not subjected to any Dominion of an external power hence the country’s legislature it has a power to make laws on any subject further the Preamble also highlights the Socialist nature of Indian economy as
This term it means an achievement of socialist ends through Democratic means and the Preamble it holds faith in mixed economy where both private as well as public sector coexist side by side and this term it was added by the 42nd Amendment act in the year of 1976. further the Preamble also highlights
That India is secular in nature and this term it means that all religion in India they get equal respect equal protection and equal support from the state also this term was added by 42nd Amendment of the year of 1976. Additionally the Preamble also highlights the nature of Indian polity
Which means that India is a democratic state and the will of people that is the people of India it is expressed through a method of election further the Preamble also indicates that India is a republic country which means that the head of state in India is an elected official
Hence the president of India is the elected head of the Indian state now after we have discussed the key components and keywords let us discuss the objective that the Preamble aims to serve as a part of Indian constitution now as we know that constitution of
India is a supreme law of the land and it helps to maintain Integrity in the society by promoting Unity among the citizens of the country hence the main objective of Indian constitution is to promote Harmony throughout the nation and there are many factors that help achieve this promotion of Harmony
The first factor is the term Justice now the Indian constitution it takes a wide interpretation of the term Justice and this Justice it is necessary to maintain order in the Indian society as it is Promised by various provisions of the Indian constitution such as fundamental right and directive principles of State policy
Now this Justice it comprises of three elements the first is that Indian constitution aims to provide social justice which means that the constitution it wants to create a society without any discrimination which may be on the grounds of caste Creed gender religion Etc further the Constitution also intends to provide economic Justice
And this means that there should be no discrimination on people of India on the basis of their wealth income and economic status hence we can say that every person in India must be paid equally for equal possession and all people they must get opportunities to earn their living
Further the Preamble also provides for political Justice which means that all people they have an equal free and fair right without any discrimination to participate in political opportunities also Additionally the Preamble also highlights the need for equality and the term equality it means that no section of society should have any privileges
Which means that everyone in India is equal before the eyes of law and that all people they must be given equal opportunities for everything without any discrimination also the Preamble highlights the need for Liberty and this term Liberty it means that people of India they have a freedom to
Choose their way of life have any political view or they can exhibit any behavior in the Indian Society however it must be noted that Liberty in India is subjected to limits that are said by any law hence Liberty does not mean freedom to do anything and a person is subjected to
The limits that are laid by a law in the end the Preamble it also highlights the need to have fraternity and this term fraternity it means feeling of Brotherhood and an emotional attachment with the country as well as all people hence we can say that fraternity it
Helps in promoting the Dignity of the individual as well as helps promote unity in the Indian Nation now after we have discussed the objective that the Preamble intends to serve let us discuss the legal status of Preamble in the next slide now whether the Preamble is a part of
Constitution or not it has been discussed several times in the Supreme Court of India now what is the legal status of Indian Preamble it can be judged by the reading of two cases the first case is that of berubadi Union case and in this case a reference was made to
The Supreme Court under article 143 and it was related to implementation of an indo-pakistan agreement relating to exchange of enclaves in the beirubadi Union and in this case a judgment was delivered by Supreme Court bench comprising of eight judges and in this case the Supreme Court highlighted that Preamble is a key to
Open mind of the makers of Indian constitution however the Supreme Court also held that Preamble it cannot be considered as a part of Indian constitution therefore Preamble was not enforceable by any law however in keshwan and the bharti case a judgment was delivered by 13 judges or Supreme Court
And in this case the Supreme Court rejected the earlier opinion of berubadi Union judgment and it observed that Preamble is of extreme importance and in this regard the constitution of India it should be read and interpreted in the light of grand and Noble Vision which is expressed in the Preamble
Hence the Supreme Court held that Preamble is an integral part of the Indian constitution further in the year of 1995 Supreme Court delivered the Judgment in Union government versus LIC of India case and once again the Supreme Court highlighted that Preamble is an integral part of the Constitution however it is
Not directly enforceable in any court of justice in India hence we can say two things about Indian Preamble while Preamble is an integral part of the Indian constitution it is neither a source of power to legislature nor it prohibits any power of Indian legislatures further Indian constitution is also not
Justiceable which means that provisions of the Preamble they are not enforceable in any Court now after we have discussed the legal status of Preamble that it is a part of the Indian constitution let us discuss the number of times that the Preamble was amended now the Preamble it was only amended
Once that was in the year of 1976 by 42nd Amendment Act now as we know that Preamble is a part of Indian constitution hence Preamble it can be amended under article 368 of the Constitution hence in the year of 1976 the Preamble was amended and hence the term socialist
Secular and integrity was added to the Preamble by this very Amendment hence it can definitely be said that Preamble remains a part of the Indian constitution however it is not a source of a power and also it is not justiceable in any court of law hence this was all for today’s
Discussion on Indian preamble now moving on to the next article of the day which appeared in page 8 of today’s Hindu newspaper now this article highlights that the world is moving towards sustainable energy options in order to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that arise out of Transport sector
Now electrification is seen as a major way out in order to reduce this greenhouse gas emissions now biofuels on the other hand they can be used on existing engines as well as utilize existing infrastructure with little to no modification hence it can significantly reduce our input dependence on fossil fuels now the
Term biofuel is a blanket term and in the scope of our today’s discussion we will discuss ethanol blending of petrols hence this topic is important from GS paper 3 perspective as the syllabus highlights infrastructure and energy further a question appeared in Mains of the Year 2020 on key features of
National clean air program and ethanol blending is seen as a way to reduce the pollution that are prevalent in Indian cities further a question directly appeared in prelims of the year of 2017 on algal based biofuels hence in the scope of our today’s discussion we will first describe what is an ethanol blending
Program further we will also discuss policies as well as schemes that are taken by government of India in order to promote this ethanol blending of petrols further in the discussion we will also discuss the constraints that the government is facing in order to promote the ethanol blending as well as promote
Its use in the transportation sector before concluding this discussion we will take a suggestive Way Forward in order to understand what needs to be done for furthering the use of biofuels in the country hence let us start off our today’s discussion by discussing what is ethanol blending
Now an ethanol Blended fuel it means that a motor fuel which consists mainly of petrol it is Blended with ethanol and this ethanol should be at least 99 percent pure now the ethanol which is required for blending of fuel it is derived from four different sources the first is called
First generation biofuels as these biofuels they are generated from edible biomasses such as sugar beet sugar cane wheat corn or oil crops while on the other hand the second generation of biofuels they are derived from non-edible biomasses and they can be wood grass straw or solid waste further
The third generation of biofuels they are derived from algal biomasses which include macro algae as well as micro algae while in the end the fourth generation of biofuels they are derived from breakthrough Technologies such as pyrolysis solar to fuel conversion as well as genetically modified organisms
Now you will ask why is there a need for ethanol blending it is because there are several benefits associated with it for example E20 that is a blend of 20 ethanol with 80 percent of petrol it leads to reduction of carbon monoxide emissions for example it is estimated that use of
E20 will reduce 50 percent carbon monoxide emission in two wheelers whereas it will also lead to 30 percent reduction in carbon monoxide emission in four wheelers and this reduction is compared to neat petrol which is e0 further the government of India it has also fixed targets related to use of ethanol blending petrol
Now under National policy on biofuel of their 2018 India aims to achieve 10 percent ethanol blending of petrol by the year of 2022. whereas 20 percent of ethanol blending will be achieved by the year of 2025. and in this regard India has achieved 10 percent of ethanol blending Target in
The month of June 2022 whereas E20 fuel which is a 20 blend of ethanol it was launched two years ahead of Target and will be rolled out across the country in a phase-wise manner now after we’ve understood what is an ethanol Blended fuel let us understand what are the government schemes as well
As policies that favor promotion of ethanol blending now the first governmental scheme and policy which favors ethanol blending in the country is the ethanol blending petrol program and in this program oil marketing companies they sell petrol which is Blended with ethanoly and in this skin financial assistance will be provided to
Sugar Mills and grain based distilleries through interest subvention further there’s a scheme called Pradhan mantri dual in dhan vatavaran anukul fasan avdhesh nivaran yojana and this yojana aims to set up second generation biorefineries for production of ethanol further the government is also reduced the goods and services tax on ethanol
Which is meant for ethanol blended with petrol program and the government it has reduced GST from 18 to 5 on ethanol for ABP program further the government is also notified the use of E12 and E15 ethanols wherein E12 fuel it envisages 12 ethanol whereas E15 it envisages 15 percent of ethanol
Blending with petrol further the government also amended the industry’s development and regulation Act of the Year 1951 as this amendment it ensures free movement of ethanol across the country in the end Flex Fuel engines and its components which means engines that are capable of running ethanol Blended fuel
They are included under the production linked incentive scheme of the Union government now after we have discussed schemes and policies that favor ethanol blending let us discuss various constraints that the government faces in promotion of ethanol blending now in India the biofuel it is synonymous with first generation ethanol
And this means that India is currently over reliant on first generational ethanol as this ethanol it is primarily sourced from food crops whereas the government has a policy Target of achieving 20 percent of ethanol blending with petrol and this policy measure it is expected to be met almost entirely by first
Generational ethanol itself whereas the second generation ethanol or 2gethanol which is made from crop waste and residues is unlikely to contribute much in achieving this target of ethanol blending and this brings several implication on the government the first implication is that it risks the food security as currently this 1G ethanol it is
Produced by surplus food production in the country whereas India’s crop yield has already stagnated and due to global warming it is further expected that the India’s crop yield will reduce further therefore a strategy for meeting blending targets will not be enough in light of reduced food production hence this will further endanger our
Nation’s food security additionally over Reliance on food crops for generation of ethanol also has led to significant groundwater depletion as a recent study it projected that the rate of groundwater depletion in the country will increase by three times and this again is attributable to rise in temperatures as well as resulted
Increase in crop water requirements hence with such limited sources be groundwater food production needs to be prioritized over the production of ethanol further agriculture sector is one of the largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the country and with increasing use of food products to manufacture ethanol will further increase the greenhouse gas
Emission of the agriculture sector so the increase in Greenhouse emission from agriculture in order to produce motor fuel is not a reliable alternative further there are production related constraints as well for example the prices of ethanol in the country are currently higher as the ethanol producers they need to Source
Raw materials at statutory fixed price and hence it increases the cost of production of ethanol in the country further there is also a lack of ethanol production facilities in the country and with delays in environmental clearance the ethanol production targets will be difficult to be achieved further there is limited private sector
Participation in production of ethanol in the country and this has led to limitation in increasing the production of ethanol overall overall India further there are also transport storage and usage related constraints for example India currently Witnesses non-uniform availability of ethanol across the states for blending purposes and this is further aggravated by
Increased implementation cost which might be related to construction of storage tanks ethanol complaint dispensing units all calibration of nozzles of engines further to run ethanol Blended fuel in an engine it requires modification on the company’s part which further adds to the cost of vehicles hence it discourages the adoption of
Ethanol Blended fuel for transportation purposes now after we have discussed the constraints that the ethanol blending faces let us discuss a suggestive Way Forward so as to what needs to be done to further promote ethanol blending of fossil fuels in the country now there are many measures that needs
To be undertaken in order to promote ethanol blending and in this regard energy transition commission it recommended that biofuels it should be prioritized for use in sectors where there is limited low carbon alternatives for example in long-haul Aviation as well as fried Road segment wherein complete electrification will take
Longer to achieve these sectors can be encouraged for use of ethanol Blended fuels further there’s also need to ensure uniform availability of ethanol Blends across the country and this can be done by incentivizing the development of advanced generational biofuels such as second generation or above fuels further there’s also a need to augment
Infrastructure of oil marketing companies that is constructing ethanol storage handling blending and dispensing infrastructures further there should be a focus on ensuring sustainability of supplies by improving plant biomass overcoming Interstate movement issues as well as Expediting the regulatory clearances which should be done for new production units and further there’s a need to
Support sugar Mills with cash support which will encourage them to increase their bioethanol production further there’s a need to provide tax incentives which will help absorb r d cost and it will make engines more compatible with E20 Blended fuels hence by promoting the use of ethanol blending in sectors which has limited
Low carbon Alternatives ensuring uniform availability of ethanol Blends augmenting infrastructure of oil marketing companies focusing on sustainability of supplies and providing tax incentives to absorb r d cost will further the use of ethanol blending in the country hence this was all for today’s discussion on ethanol blending
Now moving on to the next article of the day which appeared in page 14 of today’s Hindu newspaper now the president of India she virtually launched an ayushman bhav Health campaign and its portal on Wednesday and this historic launch of the campaign and its portal it marks a significant
Leave towards achieving the universal health coverage in the country as it ensures health care for all and it further consolidates the accessibility and affordability of Health Services particularly for the unserved section of the population and in this regard universal health coverage is the topic of our today’s discussion as this topic is important
From GS paper to perspective which highlights issues relating to development and management of social sector and services further a question on universal health coverage it appeared in means of the year 2015. and in the prelims of their 2022 a question appeared on ayushman Bharat digital Mission which furthers the
Achieving of universal health coverage in the country hence in the scope of our today’s discussion we will first discuss what is a universal health coverage as well as its significant benefits on the population of our country then we will discuss initiatives that are taken by government of India in
Order to move towards universal health coverage in the country followed by challenges that the government faces in order to make access to health care services in a more Universal manner further we will also discuss a suggestive way ahead which will suggest measures in order to improve access and
Affordability of Health Care Services in the country hence let us start our today’s discussion by discussing what is a Universal Health Care coverage as well as its benefits now according to World Health Organization a universal health coverage means that people they have access to health care services that they need and
It also highlights when and where they need this service from without facing any financial hardship thus we can say that Universal Health Coverage it facilitates people’s enforcement to right to health now there are several benefits of Universal Health Care coverage for example a Universal Health Care coverage it can generate economic
Returns which is at least 10 times more than their initial Investments as due to investment in people Healthcare initiatives we can generate significant economic outcomes such as reduced labored absence and Improvement in Skilling of Labor Force further Universal Health Care it also enhances communities resilience by reducing susceptibility of population to
Infectious diseases as well as microbial resistance further Universal Health Care can also reduce poverty and inequality in the population as it reduces the out of pocket expenditure that are undertaken by people on their health care services further Universal Health Care it can also improve opportunities for the population specifically with respect to
Poor women and other vulnerable section of the society as these vulnerable section they are more susceptible for healthcare elements hence providing access to health care services to these sections will help them enjoy Better Health which will further lead to improved economic opportunities in the end Universal Health Care it can
Also help improve our nation’s demographic dividend as it will help produce healthy Workforce in the country now after we have discussed the benefits of Universal Health Care coverage let us understand what are the initiatives that are taken by government of India in order to move towards Universal Health Care coverage
The first initiative in this regard is that the government enacted the national Healthcare policy in the year of 2017 as this policy it provides for Universal Health Care coverage and asks us to raise the public financing of Health Care sector up till 2.5 percent of its GDP by the year of 2025.
Additionally the government also brought forward the ayushman bharats scheme and their skin was launched in the year of 2018 which helps us to achieve the vision of Universal Health Care as this scheme it covers 50 crore beneficiaries and provides health insurance to every family up to 5 lakhs rupees per annum
Further the government has also made rapid strides towards digital healthcare services and telemedicine as about 70 percent of Nations population it is currently residing in Rural and remote areas and these areas they witnessed low Health Care Facilities hence digital Health initiatives as well as telemedicine it can significantly
Improve their Access to Health Care Services further the Supreme Court of India in bandwa mukti morcha versus Union of India case in the year of 1984 it interpreted that the right to health coverage it is covered under article 21 of the Indian constitution hence it should be the duty of the state
To implement right to health initiative now after we have discussed various government initiatives for promotion of Universal Health Care in the country let us discuss the challenges that the government currently faces in making the health coverage of the country more Universal now there are significant challenges which are associated with provision of
Healthcare services in the country the first among which is that there is chronic underfunding on health care services in the country as Indian government it currently spends about 1.5 percent of its GDP on Health Care sector which is very low compared to the large population of India
Further India also has a weak Primary Health Care sector as about 60 Primary Health Care Centers in the country they only have one doctor or while on the other hand five percent of phcs they have no doctors also there are Regional disparity in accessibility of Health Care Services as
About 80 percent doctors as well as 60 percent of hospitals they are present only in the urban areas which caters to only about one-third population of the entire country further there has been predominance of Private health care service providers in the country as private sector it caters to about 70 percent of India’s
Population and with increased cost of Private health care sector it makes Access to Health Care Services more unaffordable further the government it also neglects tropical diseases as there is inadequate attention to these neglected tropical diseases by both the government as well as the Pharma industry further India also Witnesses low
Insurance penetration as about 80 percent of rural and urban population in the country they are not covered under any insurance scheme which makes them vulnerable for high out-of-pocket expenditures further risking their affordability of Health Care Services additionally this also been inadequate infrastructure development with respect to health sector
As currently there are shortage of healthcare workers hospitals supply of drugs and medical equipments Etc and this issue is further compounded by low Health Care awareness as people currently they lack knowledge regarding breastfeeding practices benefits of hygiene and sanitation which further brings them at risk to more vulnerable diseases
Now after we have discussed challenges that pertains to access of Universal Health Care Services let us understand what is the suggestive way ahead in order to make Health Services more accessible and hereby Universal in nature now the first suggestion in this regard is that there’s a need to enhance
Funding on Health Care sector as the expenditure of the government should at least be three percent of its GDP in order to have a decent Health Care coverage further they should be cooperative federalism in the country as there’s a need to ensure decentralization of power to states which will be further aided by
Giving funds to the state by the central government also the government should incentivize Wellness seeking behavior in the country and it should further improve the implementation of portion abhiyan Mission as well as fit India movement also there’s a need to bring a comprehensive law for right to health
As this law it will ensure achieving of core components of right to health such as availability of high quality Public Health Care Services improving accessibility and affordability by bringing non-discrimination in healthcare services and Effective People centered And Timely policies further digitizing Healthcare System will also ensure evidence-based planning
And decision making in the country towards the end there are also other initiative that must be taken by government of India and it includes harnessing digital Health Services for improving Access to Health Care Services ensuring effective regulation for the private sector in reducing their unfair practices and encouraging Community to
Participate in healthcare formulation and implementation policies hence we can say financing the funding on Healthcare sector ensuring cooperative federalism incentivizing wellness-centric Behavior bringing a comprehensive law to ensure right to Health Services digitizing Health Care System improving access to digital Health Services regulating private sector as well as ensuring
Community participation will go a long way forward in ensuring Universal Health Care coverage in the country hence this was all for today’s discussion on universal health coverage now moving on to the last article of the day which appeared in page 8 of today’s Hindu newspaper now this editorial it
Highlights that Nipa virus is again wrecking havoc on the state of Kerala as this is the fourth outbreak of the disease in the last five years now this nilpa virus it is caused by a zoonotic spillover which is the transmission of pathogens it takes place from animals to humans
And the closest reservoir of this Nipa virus are fruit bats and the research has shown that anthropogenic activities they have a definite hand to play in zoonotic spillovers and in this regard the government needs to mount a strategic effort to control such outbreaks and deaths due to infectious diseases
And it brings us the need to adopt a one health approach which is an integrated approach to health to prevent zoonotics spillover now this topic of one health approach is important from GS paper 2 perspective as the syllabus highlights issues relating to development and management of social sector Services relating to health
Education and human resources further topic of infectious diseases and covid-19 pandemic it appeared in the mains of the year 2020. further in the prelims of the Year 2023 a question appeared on India’s Public Health Care system and the decentralized approach towards Healthcare delivery and in this regard the topic of our today’s
Discussion is an integrated approach towards Healthcare that is one health approach and in the scope of our today’s discussion we will first discuss why is there a need to adopt an integrated approach towards Health Care then we will discuss steps that are taken by government of India towards achieving an integrated approach
Followed by challenges that the government faces in integrating the health care services towards the end we will discuss a way forward in order to understand the steps that needs to be undertaken in order to tilt the health care services approach towards a more integrated manner hence let us start by understanding why
Is there a need for integrated approach also known as one health approach now driving factors that highlight the need of one Health Initiative are many the first among which is the need to tackle emerging infectious diseases as 75 percent of emerging infectious diseases and almost all recent pandemics
They are zoonotic in nature which means the origin of these infectious disease can be found in animals further 60 percent of pathogens that cause human diseases they also originate from animals which may be both domesticated or from wildlife further 75 percent of emerging human pathogens they also have animal origin
Whereas 80 percent of pathogens that can cause bioterrorism they are also associated with animals further there’s a need to prevent negative effect on our environment as human activities like encroachment into natural habitats or expansion of human population into new Geographic areas it might lead to Encounter of humans and
Livestock with wildlife and further it has led to loss of about 25 percent of total Forest Area and human actions they have severely altered about 75 percent of terrestrial environments as well as 66 percent of all Marine environments hence by regulating the extension of human activities we can create a positive
Effect on our environment further with rise of urbanization as well as climate change they are providing new and more suitable conditions for these pathogens and disease in order to develop and spread hence in order to cut the Menace of urbanization as well as climate change one health approach is needed
Also there are issues which are related to food security as currently more than 70 percent of additional animal protein which will be needed to feed the World by 2015 they come from animal sources further more than 20 percent of global animal production losses they are linked to animal diseases and hence reducing
These animal based diseases can help our population improve its food security further Improvement of food Security will also lead to Improvement in health of our agricultural economy as animal diseases they pose a direct threat on incomes of our rural communities who depend perpetually on livestock production and to prevent these
Livestock from pathogens we need one Health Initiative now after we have discussed the need for one Health Initiative let us discuss the steps that have been undertaken in order to implement one health approach the first step is that there has been increase in collaboration between National and state levels for example
National influenza pandemic committee it was established in order to control Avian Influenza rabies in Tamil Nadu as well as other states further they have been institutional collaboration as well for example Indian Council of medical research as well as Indian Council for agricultural research they have collaborated for a joint research
Priorities which is done in order to control disease outbreaks further one health support unit it was initiated by the department of animal husbandry and Dairy which is done in order to develop a national one Health framework which is aimed at improving National and state level resource allocation and policy ecosystem on zoonotic diseases
Additionally a national mission on biodiversity and human well-being it was established by prime minister Science and Technology Innovation advisory Council also known as PM STI AC further a one health project was initiated which envisaged surveillance of zoonotic as well as transboundary pathogens in India towards the end this also a regional one
Health Initiative which has a special focus on low and middle income countries which are across South as well as southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa now after we have discussed steps that were undertaken towards one health approach let us discuss the challenges that are there in implementation of one health approach
The first challenge that is associated with one health approach is that of siled approach as this approach which has a separate disease surveillance program pertaining to infection in Plants humans and animals and this siled approach it prevents Transmission in information which might lead to decreased disease surveillance further there has been lack of
Communication as well as inadequate data sharing and this it limits the opportunities that are there for detecting zoonotic diseases spread of covid-19 pandemic across the world is an example of such a lack of communication further the funding for Healthcare Systems they have proven to be inadequate as currently the government it spends
About 2.1 percent of its GDP on Health Care in an entire year however this has drastically increased from 1.6 percent in the financial year of 2021 however it is still well below considering the huge amount of population that India currently has further there has been limited practical guidance and understanding on how to
Foster and sustain a cross-sector collaboration and this cross-sector collaboration is absolutely essential for implementation of one Health Initiative additionally they have been limited awareness among common people which limits their cooperation as well as active engagement with Healthcare professionals and this negatively affects the amount of surveillance that the government can
Get out of such population further Professionals in India who work in Healthcare Systems they face lack of required training and this lack of training is particularly associated with rise of infectious diseases however despite several challenges there are few suggestions that can be inculcated in order to implement one Health Initiative in a more
Comprehensive manner the first suggestion it requires operationalizing a 3C approach which requires improving coordination communication as well as collaboration between sectors which may be reinforced by sustained capacity strengthening further this requires a shift from largely vertical programs which are focused on specific diseases and this can be done by strengthening
Overall systems of our country which will enable better collaboration across sectors further there’s an imperative need to develop databases and models which will help in a Consolidated approach which can further involve ecologists field biologists epidemiologists and other scientists as well further there is a need to develop strong Nexus between Sciences social
Sciences as well as indigenous knowledge and it can be done at both national state as well as local levels of our government system further there’s a need to integrate one health approach in pandemic prevention plans as such plans as it will help improve our pandemic management which while further reduce the amount of
Mortality that are associated with pandemics hence by undertaking a 3C approach of coordination communication and collaboration strengthening overall systems developing database and models improving Nexus among Sciences as well as collaboration among governments and integrating one health approach in pandemic plans will help improve our implementation of one Health Initiative in healthcare system
Of our country now this was all for today’s discussion on one health approach
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